Transcript wk6d2
Chapter 14 Crime and Justice in the New Millennium Learning Objectives Discuss the impact of criminal enterprise crime Describe a ponzi scheme Be familiar with the mortgage fraud scandal Be familiar with the various forms of green crime Discuss the various forms of cyber crime Learning Objectives Know what is being done to thwart cyber criminals Be familiar with the influence of globalization on crime Understand the concept of transnational crime Be familiar with some of the most important transnational crime groups Tell how law enforcement is taking on transnational criminal syndicates Corporate Enterprise Crime A multi-billion dollar crime trend facing the justice system FBI pursuing more than 500 corporate fraud cases Financial crimes involve accounting schemes designed to deceive both investors and government auditors Crimes have involved scamming people out of life savings Corporate Enterprise Crime Types of Corporate Enterprise Crime: Fraud on Wall Street The Subprime Mortgage Scandal Billion Dollar Management Fraud Corporate Enterprise Crime Criminalizing Corporate Enterprise Crime: Corporate crimes now considered as serious offenses and perpetrators deserving of severe punishment Penalties have been increasing and long prison sentences are routine Corporate Enterprise Crime Corporate Crime Law Enforcement: The detection and enforcement of large scale corporate crime is primarily in the hands of : The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) FBI Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Postal Service Federal Trade Commission Corporate Enterprise Crime Corporate Crime Law Enforcement: State Level Enforcement A number of states have created special task forces and prosecution teams to crack down on fraudulent schemes and bring perpetrators to justice Green Crime Defined: Green crimes are violations of existing criminal laws designed to protect people, the environment or both They include crimes against workers such as occupational health and safety crimes, as well as laws designed to protect nature and the environment Green crimes involve a wide range of actions and outcomes that harm the environment and that stem from decisions about what is produced, where it is produced, and how it is produced Green Crime Forms of Green Crime: Illegal Logging Illegal Fishing Illegal Dumping Illegal Polluting Green Crime Enforcing Environmental Laws: The United States and most sovereign nations have passed laws making it a crime to pollute or damage the environment: Clean Water Act Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act Endangered Species Act Oil Pollution Act The major enforcement arm against environmental crimes is the Environmental Protection Agency Cyber Crime Theft and/or destruction of information, resources, or funds utilizing computers, computer networks and the internet Rapidly evolving Difficult to detect through traditional enforcement channels Its control demands that agents of the justice system develop technical skills which match those of the perpetrators Cyber Crime Three Forms of Cybercrime: ① Cyber theft ② Cyber vandalism ③ Cyber war Cyber Crime Cyber Theft: Cyber Crimes for Profit The use of computer networks for criminal profits: Illegal copyright infringement Identity theft Internet securities fraud Cyber thieves conspire to use cyberspace to either distribute illegal goods and services or to defraud people for quick profits using some common method Cyber Crime Types of Cyber Theft: Computer Fraud Pornography and Prostitution Denial of Service Attack Copyright Infringement Internet Securities Fraud Identity Theft E-tailing Fraud Illegal Drug Distribution Cyber Crime Cyber Vandalism: Cyber Crime with Malicious Intent Motivation is for revenge and destruction, not necessarily greed or profit Forms of cyber vandalism: Viruses and Worms: One type of malicious software that disrupts existing programs and networks Trojan Horses: Appears as a harmless program that can damage a system’s operations Cyber Crime Cyber Vandalism: Cyber Crime with Malicious Intent Forms of cyber vandalism: Web Defacement: A computer hacker intrudes on another person’s web by inserting or substituting codes which exposes visitors to the site to misleading information Cyber Stalking: Use of Internet, e-mail, or other electronic communication devices to stalk another person Cyber Crime Cyber Vandalism: Cyber Crime with Malicious Intent Forms of cyber vandalism: Cyber Bullying: Willful and repeated harm inflicted through the medium of electronic text Cyber War: The premeditated, politically motivated attack against information, computer systems, computer programs, and data Cyber Crime Controlling Cyber Crime: Software piracy laws Illegal copyright infringement laws Identity theft laws Internet pornography laws Computer crimes laws Cyber Crime Enforcing Cyber Laws: Interagency Telemarketing and Internet Fraud Working Group U.S. Attorney’s offices FBI, the Secret Service, the Postal Inspection Service, the Federal Trade Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission, Other law enforcement and regulatory agencies to share information about trends and patterns in Internet Fraud Schemes Transnational Crime Globalization The process of creating transnational markets, and political and legal systems) has shifted the focus of crime from a local to a world perspective Types of Transnational Crimes: Distribution of pornography Cyber crime Human trafficking, migrant smuggling, Drug smuggling, arms dealing Trafficking resources and counterfeit goods Transnational Crime Transnational Crime Groups: Asian Gangs Russian Transnational Crime Groups Mexican Drug Cartels Transnational Crime Controlling Transnational Crime: The FBI belongs to several international working groups aimed at combating transnational gangs in various parts of the world. Anti Organized Crime Laws: Congress has passed a number of laws which have made it easier for agencies to bring transnational gangs to justice: Travel Act RICO