Transcript Muckraking
MUCKRAKING • CALLING ATTENTION TO THE PROBLEMS OF SOCIETY THROUGH INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM • NOTABLE MUCKRAKERS INCLUDE: IDA TARBELL, UPTON SINCLAIR, JACOB RIIS, ETC MOTHER JONES • COFOUNDER OF THE IWW • HELPED COORDINATE MAJOR LABOR STRIKES • ONCE LABELED “THE MOST DANGEROUS WOMAN IN AMERICA” FOR ORGANIZING MINE WORKERS AGAINST THE MINE OWNERS FLORENCE KELLEY • SOCIAL AND POLITICAL REFORMER • CAMPAIGNED AGAINST SWEATSHOPS • PUSHED FOR THE MINIMUM WAGE, EIGHT HOUR WORKDAYS, AND RESTRICTIONS ON CHILD LABOR IDA TARBELL • WROTE INVESTIGATIVE REPORTS ABOUT STANDARD OIL AND THEIR CORRUPT BUSINESS PRACTICES • THINK TAR OIL UPTON SINCLAIR • Wrote the Jungle, about the Chicago meat packing industry • Led to Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act TRUST BUSTING • • TEDDY ROOSEVELT ENFORCED EXISTING ANTITRUST LAWS AND PUT STRICTER CONTROLS ON BIG BUSINESS ANY BUSINESS THAT OPERATED ACROSS STATE LINES IN ANY ASPECT OF PRODUCTION COULD BE REGULATED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DIRECT PRIMARY • CANDIDATES ARE NOMINATED BY A VOTE OF ALL PARTY MEMBERS RATHER THAN BY A FEW POLITICAL BOSSES • YOU CAN ONLY VOTE IN YOUR OWN PARTY’S PRIMARY INITIATIVE VOTERS PETITION FOR A BILL TO BE VOTED ON REFERENDUM • LOCAL GOVERNMENT WOULD VOTE YES OR NO ON AN INITIATIVE. IF YES IT WOULD BECOME A LAW RECALL • PUBLIC OFFICIALS COULD BE REMOVED BY PETITION AND REPLACED WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT • Resulted in the 19th amendment, desperate struggle in some cases. Women went on hunger strikes, were arrested ALICE PAUL • MAIN LEADER OF THE WOMEN’S RIGHTS MOVEMENT • ARRESTED SEVERAL TIMES. WENT ON HUNGER STRIKES. • FOUGHT FOR THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT MEAT INSPECTION ACT • WORKS TO PREVENT ADULTERATED OR MISBRANDED MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS FROM BEING SOLD • ENSURE SANITATION PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT • REQUIRED THAT ACTIVE INGREDIENTS BE PLACED ON THE LABEL OF A DRUG’S PACKAGING AND THAT DRUGS COULD NOT FALL BELOW A CERTAIN PURITY LEVEL TH 16 AMENDMENT • OVERTURNED A 1895 SUPREME COURT DECISION THAT DECLARED A FEDERAL INCOME TAX UNCONSTITUTIONAL • THIS AMENDMENT AUTHORIZES AN INCOME TAX THAT IS LEVIED ON A DIRECT BASIS TH 17 AMENDMENT • DIRECT ELECTION OF U.S. SENATORS BY THE PEOPLE, NOT THE STATES TH 18 AMENDMENT • PROHIBITED THE PRODUCTION, SALE, AND TRANSPORTATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES IN THE U.S. • DIFFICULT TO ENFORCE, LATER REPEALED BY THE 21ST AMENDMENT TH 19 AMENDMENT • GUARANTEED WOMEN THE RIGHT TO VOTE • MANY STATES ALREADY ALLOWED IT, BUT THIS MADE IT CONSTITUTIONAL IN STATE AND NATIONAL ELECTIONS FOUNDING OF THE NAACP • MISSION IS TO ENSURE THE POLITICAL, EDUCATIONAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC EQUALITY OF RIGHTS OF ALL PERSONS AND TO ELIMINATE RACIAL HATRED AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION • KEY STEP TO CURBING LYNCHING, A MAJOR PROBLEM IN THE SOUTH W.E.B. DU BOIS • FOUNDING MEMBER OF THE NAACP, DU BOIS BELIEVED THAT BLACKS COULD NO LONGER WAIT FOR WHITES TO DO THE RIGHT THING AND GIVE THEM THEIR RIGHTS. • THEY MUST FIGHT FOR THEM THROUGH LEGAL MEANS. • LAWSUITS AGAINST JIM CROW LAWS, ANTI-LYNCHING CAMPAIGN THEODORE ROOSEVELT • 26TH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES • FIRST STRONG PRESIDENT SINCE LINCOLN • IMPERIALIST – WANTED TO BUILD A STRONG AMERICAN MILITARY AND EMPIRE • NATURALIST – BELIEVED IN CONSERVATION TO ENSURE THAT FUTURE GENERATIONS COULD ENJOY IT • PROGRESSIVE – BELIEVED THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD BE USED AS A TOOL TO MAKE SOCIETY BETTER • GREATLY EXPANDED THE POWER OF THE PRESIDENCY WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT • REPUBLICAN SUCCESSOR TO ROOSEVELT • LESS EMPHASIS ON MILITARY FORCE, MORE ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT • ALSO A TRUST BUSTER LIKE ROOSEVELT • RAN ON THE REPUBLICAN TICKET IN THE ELECTION OF 1912 WOODROW WILSON • DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE IN 1912 ELECTION, WON DUE TO SPLIT IN THE REPUBLICAN VOTE • PRESIDENT DURING WW1, PUSHED FOR THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS AFTER THE WAR • MR. FORET’S LEAST FAVORITE PRESIDENT PROGRESSIVE/BULL MOOSE PARTY • ROOSEVELT RAN AGAINST TAFT AND WILSON ON THIS TICKET BECAUSE TAFT, THE INCUMBENT PRESIDENT, GOT THE REPUBLICAN NOMINATION • GOT ABOUT 12% OF THE POPULAR VOTE, BUT SPLIT REPUBLICAN VOTE SO WILSON WON ELECTION OF 1912