Transcript The state of agriculture and challenges in Mozambique

The state of agriculture
and challenges in
Mozambique
Rafael N. Uaiene,
[email protected]
Maputo, 09 February 2011
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Background and Motivation

Mozambique a poor country with large
agricultural potential.
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36 million hectares of arable land
Numerous rivers and reasonable rainfall in
many parts
Less than 5 million hectares actually planted in
2003 and an even lower rate of use of water
resources
Agriculture currently characterized by low
productivity subsistence production.
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Agriculture growth and
Contribution to GDP
Year
%GDP
2003
23.4
%
Growth
5.2
2004
22.8
5.1
2005
22.5
6.9
2006
22.9
10.4
2007
23.1
8.2
2008
23.6
9.3
2009
23.8
7.4
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Agriculture contributes
about 24% of GDP
Agriculture grew by
more than 7% per
year between 2003
and 2009
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Source: INE
Major food crops
Sorghum
2%
Others
1%
Rice
9%
Maize
51%
Cassava
37%
Source: TIA, 2008
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Maize
Cassava
Rice
Sorghum
Others
Major Food Crops , Small, Medium Enterprises by
Crop and Year (ton)
2002
1 114
93
2003
1 179
117
2005
942
65
2006
1 396
98
2007
1 134
103
Sesame
Millet
Nhemba
beens
138
12
191
22
115
15
202
22
167
25
54
64
48
71
62
Cassava
3 455
6 547
5000
6 659
4 959
Maize
Rice
5
Yield are low: e.g. Maize
Yield (ton/ha)
1
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.87
0.76
0.79
0.7
0.68
0.62
0.6
0.5
0.4
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
6
Mozambique
Malawi
2007
2005
2003
2001
1999
1997
1995
1993
1991
1989
1987
1985
1983
1981
1979
1977
1975
1973
1971
1969
1967
1965
1963
1961
Yield (kg/ha)
Low agriculture Performance – The
example of Maize
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Fonte: FAOSTAT
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Agriculture growth
Driven by increased area
 Low and constant level of labour and land
productivity
 Expected future growth on non- labourintensive agriculture and manufacturing
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Large commercial plantation eg. Banana,
Biofuels, food (by foreign governments ?)
Low job creation
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Low input use
14.00
12.00
12.00
11.00
12.00
11.00
10.00
9.00
Fertilizantes
8.00
Pesticidas
6.00
4.00
Traccao Animal
5.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
Rega
3.00
2.00
Fonte: TIA-MINAG
2002
2003
2005
2006
2007
9
9
Low use of improved Seeds
10
10
9
9
9
8
7
6
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
4
4
3
2005
2006
2007
2
2
1
0
Milho
Arroz
Amendoim
grande
Amendoim
pequeno
10
10
High Poverty in Mozambique
Region
2002-03
2008-09
National
54.1
54.7
Urban
51.5
49.6
Rural
55.3
56.9
North
55.3
46.5
Centre
45.5
59.7
South
66.5
56.9
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Poor performance of
agriculture in
Mozambique results in
high poverty rates
National poverty head
count not decreasing
Rural areas worst off
Central part of
Mozambique doing
poorly
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Adoption of new technologies by farm
households
Technology
Cropping
season
2001/
02
200
7/08
Fertilizer use
3.7
3.5
Pesticide use
6.7
5.1
Animal traction
use
11.2
8.6
.
Access to
extension
• A large number of
promising technologies
are already available in
Mozambique.
• But access of small
farm households to the
technologies is not
13.7
8.3
easy.
Sources: TIA 2002 and
TIA 2008
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Challenges
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Clear definition and funding of core public
functions
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Agricultural research and Innovation
Extension
Services
Information/Agric Statistics
Regulation
Monitoring and Evaluation
Strategies
instability and weak capacity of Agriculture
Administration and services
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Challenges
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Adequate funding for core functions of
Ministry of Agriculture
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Agricultural Research and Extension
Agricultural services:
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Seeds
Crop and Animal Protection
Irrigation
Information/Agricultural Statistics
Regulatory and
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Challenges
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Research and extension
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Access to water
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appropriate technology must reach farmers
and be adopted for use within the different
farming systems
Addressing inefficient management practices in
water use and rain-fed agriculture is vital for
the growth of the sector.
Access to credit:
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FDD yes but how to engage private initiatives
in this area?
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Challenges
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Access to land and land rights
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Roads
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secure land tenure and private use rights greatly
improve the efficacy of rural development activities
Improve maintenance of rural roads will boost the
growth of productivity
Policies, markets and agribusiness
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Need to create enabling frameworks and policies for
agribusiness, agro-industry and improvement of markets
Market failures have been acute, especially in rural
Mozambique
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Current and Recent Policy initiatives to
address the challenges
Green Revolution Strategy (2007)
 Food Production Action Plan (FPAP)
 Agricultural Sector Development Strategy
Plan (PEDSA)
 Comprehensive African Agricultural
Development Program (CAADP)
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Thank you for attention !
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