Transcript Skills Development for New Growth Engine and Green Growth in

Misug JIN([email protected])
KRIVET(Korea Research Institute for Vocational
Education and Training)
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I. Background of Korea and Skills
Development in Korea
II. Challenges of Korea and Skills
development
III. Identifying and Delivering Future Skills
Needs
IV. Skills Development for Green Growth
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Miraculous economic growth
65 US $ in 1961 to US 10,000$ to 19,231
300 times for 35 years
13th largest in GDP, 50th in GDP per capita
Resilient economy
Overcame financial crisis in 1997 and
approaching to overcoming global financial crisis
in recent years
Highly educated(With scarce resources);
Top rank in PISA and TIMMS
95% of literacy and 80% of high school graduates enter to college.
50 million people
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1.Government Driven VET System
Vocational Training Act(1961)->
Promotion Act for Workers’ Vocational Training(1998)->
Workers’ Skills Development Act(2008),
Employment Insurance Act (30%of the Fund to skills
development)
 2.Fast Response to the skills demand for economic
development.
VET policies was integrated with Economic Growth Plan
Separate HR system from general education and higher
education
 3. Focus on lower level technicians and manufacturing
industry, construction, etc.
 3.Buffering for the unemployed in the end of nineties under
financial crisis.
 4.Tools for social inclusion of the disadvantged groups
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6
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0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
실업률(%) 2.4
청년실업률(%) -
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Transforma
tion of
economic
structure
Green Growth
and low
carbon
economy
Paradigm
Shift of
Skills
Training
Demogra
phic
Change
Skills
mismatch
Increase
of
Inequity
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Transformation of the Economy
Search for New Growth Technology
(No more price competitiveness
but quality competitiveness)
IT, BT, GT(Green Technology)
Emphasize the innovation in R&D, production
(Depends on Large size global company such as
Samsung and Hyundai)
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High technology, knowledge-based industry,
service industry->Need creativity, highly
Skilled people
Requires more creative education system and
Change of Skills development System
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From providers-based to trainees/demandersbased
Introduction of Individual Skills Development Account,2009
Establishment of Sector Councils for HRD
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From low skilled to middle and advanced skills
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Until the early 1990s, more than 90% of vocational training programs focused
on the training of skills related to the manufacturing industry (e.g. mechanics,
printing, metals, etc). In 2008, 50% on skills relevant to non-manufacturing
industries such as the knowledge-based service or printing and media service
industries.
Broaden the contents to knowledge service industry from mainly
manufacturing industry
Integrative of VET and HRD in S&T and R&D
activities
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Creation of Jobs through skills development?
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Yes, but only if skills development along with job
creation effort and social safety net
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Relevant and Flexible, Creative Skills Development along with other
direct strategy to create jobs
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Yes. Limited in Some industry needed for skills
->Necessary Condition:skills development can create jobs
◦ Make learning more relevant to the demand of the labor
markets
Create Alternative employment such as in the third
sector(NGO, NPO), self-employed professionals, social
services industry, knowledge services industry.
Based only on Social Safety Net.
Graphic Image of Skills Mismatch in Korea
The highly educated
Advanced
level
High school
graduate
Middle level
of jobs
elementary
Low level of jobs
Supply Side
Demand Side
2.5 millon of Highly educated poured into labor market
100,000 decent jobs such as lobs in large size company,etc)
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Employmnet induction coefficient dropped from 24.4->14.7 during last 20 years
Graphic Image of Skills Mismatch in Korea
Advanced
level
The highly educated
Middle level
of jobs
High
school
graduate
Low level of jobs
elementary
Supply Side
Demand Side
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Economic
Growth
Employment
and
productivity
Education
and
Training
Only limited industries
and cases: shortage in
skills
Investment
of
Enterprise
Create Jobs
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Relevant
/Diverse/Flex
ible Skills
Development
Create
more
Jobs
HR with
creativity,
entrepreneur
ship, high
skills
Social Safety Net( Basic Needs Employmnet
Insurance, Education, Health)
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Manpower demand prediction,
Training Needs Survey of Providers and Trainees
Skills Survey started by KRIVET
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Sector Councils for HRD for identifying skills need
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“Definition of Skills”
Weak Information Infra-structure
In 2003, SCHRDs started.:3 SCs(machnery, electronic,e-biz)
7 more: Steels/heavy metals SCHRD, Shipbuilding SCHRD, Automobile
SCHRD, Textile SCHRD, Petrochemical SCHRD, Semi-conductor
SCHRD, and Display SCHRD
New SCHRDs in industries including green finance, new renewable
energy, global healthcare, ubiquitous sensors in green growth
Attempt for New Excellent Training Center under Sector Councils
◦ Building Information Infrastructure
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5 Year green growth Plan(2009-2003):83.6
billion dollar , 2% of GDP. 960,000 job
creation
For green jobs, the highly skilled workers, like
R&D HR as well as manual workers like
cleaning the city and caring forests.
◦ Green New Deal
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In addition, the environmentally friendly
competence for all.
3 Core Fields and 12 Essential Programs
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Green SOC(Revitalizing the "Four Rivers“,Establishing
Green Transportation Network,Green National
Information Infrastructure)
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Low carbon/High efficiency industrial
technology(Alternative Water Resources,Green Cars
and Clean Energy, Expansion of Resource Recycling)
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Eco-friendly/Green life(Forest Biomass,Green Home
and Green Building,Formation of Green Living
Spaces)
A majority of the financial spending on the civil engineering
and green construction public works
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97.6% of the total green jobs through the Green
New Deal are mostly manual workers for temporary
employment
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Basic
Middle
Advanced
Total
Green Jobs
45,882
35,569
204,931
286,382
%
16
12.4
71.6
100
Green related 187,069
448,30
430,991
1,066,360
Jobs
0
40.4
100
%
17.5
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Basic level : ISCED 3A, High school graduates, craftsmen
Middle level : ISCED 5B, 2 or 3 year college graduates, technicians, industrial
engineers
Advanced level : ISCED 5A, 4 year university graduates, managers, researchers,
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Strengthening information infrastructure related
to green jobs and green skills
Skill development and lifelong learning
(convergence)
-To make some consensus abou skills
Development schemes and definition
Career development for green collar workers
Integrative utilization of VET system
- Need for national commission for integrative
policy implementation
Increase of Quality of VET and Evaluation
-Improving curriculum and Teacher quality
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Thank you!
감사합니다
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