Transcript ICA-AP Regional Workshop on Enhancing the Role of Women in

ICA-AP Regional Workshop
on
Enhancing the Role of Women in
Cooperative Business
03-07 June, 2013
Presented by -
K. K. Ravindran
Managing Director
National Cooperative Agriculture & Rural
Development Banks’ Federation Ltd.,
Mumbai, India
India at a glance
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Total population - 1.21 billion
Percentage of world population – 17.5 %
Women population 587 million (48.5%)
Male population 624 million (51.5%)
Human sex ratio – 940 females per 1000 males
Total geographical area – 3,166,414 sq km
Percentage of total area of earth - 2.4 %
Source:- Census of India – 2011
India at a glance
• GDP of India –
1.873 trillion USD (nominal)
4.684 trillion USD (PPP)
• Sectoral distribution of GDP
Agriculture – 13.9 %
Industry
– 29.8 %
Services
– 56.3 %
• Work force participation of women
Rural sector - 26.1 %
Urban sector - 13.8 %
India at a glance
• Literacy rate - 74.04 %, with male literacy rate at
82.14 % and female at 65.46 %
• Universal female literacy in Kerala & Mizoram
• Birth rate - 22.22 births/1,000 population
• Death rate - 6.4 deaths/1,000 population
• Life expectancy – 69.89 years
Male – 67.46 years, Female – 72.61 years
• Approximately 10% households headed by women
• 35% of households below poverty line headed by
women.
Cooperative movement in India
• Formal beginning in 1904 with the enactment of
Cooperative Credit Societies Act.
• Emergence of PACS as multi purpose
cooperatives offering a wide range of services in
the rural sector – credit, marketing & storage,
consumer & public distribution, leasing of
machinery & implements etc.
• Today cooperatives constitute an important
segment in all sectors of the economy with
substantial market share in sectors like
agricultural credit & rural finance, sugar, dairy,
fertilizers etc.
Cooperative movement in India
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Number of Cooperatives – 5,50,000
Membership of Cooperatives – 249.248 million
Villages Covered by Cooperatives – 97 %
National Level Cooperative Federations – 21
State Level Cooperative Federations – 386
District Level Cooperative Federations – 3,111
Share of Cooperatives in National Economy
• Agricultural Credit Disbursed by Cooperatives – 19 %
• Fertiliser Distribution – 36 %
• Sugar Production – 46.6 %
• Direct Employment Generation – 1.22 million
• Self-employment opportunities generated – 15.47 million
Women Empowerment
Women’s position in society
• In the ancient India women are believed to have occupied
high position in the family and society.
• However, medieval period in Indian history is marked by
certain customs and practices undermining women’s
position like child marriage, sati, sexual exploitation of
temple women called devadasis, polygamy practiced by
Hindu Kshatriya rulers and pardha system brought by
Muslim conquerors.
• Bhakthi Movement in the 14th century tried to restore
women’s status and questioned many of the oppressive
practices.
• Sikhism established by GuruNanak in the early 16th century
preached equality between men and women and allowed
women to lead religious assemblies.
Women’s position in society
• British rule since 18th century brought modern
ideas supporting equal rights for women.
• British Government brought laws to prohibit sati
and child marriage and also encouraged
women’s education.
• Constitution of India guarantees to all women
equality (Article 14), no discrimination by the
State [Article 15(i)], equality of member (Article
16) and equal pay for equal work [Article 30(d)].
Women empowerment
Economic
• Women empowerment by ensuring equal opportunities in
economic and social spheres received high priority in public
policy after independence of the country in 1947.
• Women involvement in economic activities got a big push
through large number of women Self Help Groups since
90’s.
• Government of India proposes to set up a National Women
Bank this year to be managed by women for financing
women enterprises.
Political
• 50% reservation for women in Panchayat and local self
government institutions.
• 1/3rd reservation in Parliament proposed.
Land and property rights
• In most Indian families, women do not have any
property in their name and do not get a share of
parental property.
• There are also laws discriminating against women
when it comes to land and property rights.
• Hindu Personal Laws of 1956 which is applicable to
Hindus, Budhists, Sikhs and Jains give women rights to
inheritance.
• However, sons had an independent share in the
ancestral property while daughters’ share was based
on the share received by their father.
• Thanks to amendment of Hindu Laws in 2005. Women
now have the same right as men to ancestral property.
• Government passed Muslim Women's
(Protection of Rights upon Divorce) Act after
Supreme Court verdict of Shah Bano case in
1985 giving them rights to property and
maintenance.
• Christian women still do not have equal rights
in divorce and succession though a Bill to
provide such rights has been drafted which,
however, is yet to be made law.
Women in Cooperatives
• Equal right for membership in cooperatives.
• Constitution (97th amendment) provides for
reservation of one seat for woman in the Board of
Directors of all cooperatives.
• Most of the State Acts have incorporated this
provision.
• Ownership of resources relevant to the cooperative
enterprise is the major constraint.
• Active participation in States where,
o women have equal right to inherit family property.
o rate of literacy and education is comparatively high.
o women are increasingly employed in organised sector.
Success Stories of Women Cooperatives
There are large number of women cooperatives in
various States, owned and managed by women and
predominantly meant for women.
o Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA) & SEWA Bank,
Ahmedabad , Gujarat.
o The Mann Deshi Mahila Sahakari Bank, Mhaswad, Satara,
Maharashtra.
o Jijamata Mahila Sahakari Bank Ltd., Pune, Maharashtra.
o SRI Matha Mahila Sahakari Bank, Bangalore, Karnataka.
o Pratibha Mahila Sahakari Bank, Jalgaon, Maharashtra.
o Didi Bank, Jharkhand.
Women Empowerment
Agriculture & Rural Development Banks (ARDBs)
• ARDBs promote women participation in their management and
women entrepreneurship in agriculture & allied activities and
Non-farm sectors.
• Ownership/possession of land is a necessary condition for
membership in ARDBs. Since the title of land is generally in the
name of male member of the family, direct membership of
women in ARDBs is low compared to other cooperatives.
• In spite of the above, the number of women financed by ARDBs
has been steadily increasing over the years especially in rural
non-farm sector activities.
• In 2011-12, ARDBs advanced Rs. 3,676 million to about 28,866
women entrepreneurs in rural sector which accounts for about
10 % of loans issued during the year.
Outstanding award winning Success Story of
High Tech Green House Project
set up by a woman in Punjab (India)
Details regarding the project
Name of the Borrower
Smt. Sukhminder Kaur
Name of the financer
Nabha PCARDB, Punjab
Amount of Loan financed
Rs. 8,04,000.00
Repayment Period
7 years (Half yearly)
Annual Income from the project
Rs. 5,00,000.00
The project has generated employment opportunities to the
residents of the near by area and playing a very instrumental role
in providing employment. Presently 15 persons are employed on
regular basis and 40 persons on daily wages.
High Tech. Green House Project
Thank You