Transcript classifying the world

Different Ways of
Looking at the World
Different Ways of Looking at the World
• Difficult to keep track of - social,
political, economic characteristics of
each country in the world
• ⁂ easier to group countries using
common characteristics
• examples include:
a) “First World”
b) “Developing Nation”
c) “North/South Split
Developed - Developing Countries
• Economic development used to
group countries
• Popular because its simple
• Criticism - imprecise - groups
too large
• Not static - allows for countries
to move from undeveloped to
developing
Developed and Developing
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North - South
• Most developed nations located
north of equator
• Most developing nations located
south of the equator
• Some countries do not fit pattern New Zealand, Argentina and
Australia
• ⁂ terms Temperate and Tropical
may be more accurate
North & South Split
First/Second/Third World
• 3 world model developed in 1950’s
• Based on development (economic)
& on political alignment
• Countries like Cuba, China &
Vietnam did not fit
• Had characteristics of 2nd World &
some of 3rd world
First World - Third World
Five World
• A compromise between accuracy and simplicity
• 3rd-5th Worlds describe developing countries in
different stages of development
• 2nd World countries disappeared (with fall of
communism) - some moved to 1st world and
others to 3rd-5th worlds
• No longer fits in a world increasingly influenced
by the forces of globalization
Five Worlds
New Way of Grouping Countries
• Core/Periphery Country
Classification
• Consider the degree to which each
country is an active participant in a
globalized world
Economic Development For Grouping
Countries
• A community’s material wealth and trade
• Determined by such things as: per-captia
GDP, ratio of cars to people, and percapita electrical power capacity
Social Characteristics For Grouping
Countries
• Level of education, healthcare, life
expectancy, and rate of infant mortality in
a society
Political Characteristics For Grouping
Countries
• Determined by whether country is democratic
• Level of corruption
• Presence of functional and established electoral
system and rule of law
• Freedom House rankings - measure political
rights and civil liberties
• Rating 2-5 - considered free
• Rating 6-10 - considered partly free
• Rating 11-14 - considered not free
Globalized Core (Core)
• Countries that have contributed significantly to
and benefited greatly from globalization
• Countries in this group are relatively wealthy,
comfortable lifestyles, advanced economies
• Good healthcare, live in secure environment
• High degree of freedom, gov’ts are generally
free of corruption
• Eg. Canada, US, Germany, Australia, UK
Measure of Global Involvement
Canada
Germany
2
2
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000)
4.7
4.1
GDP per capita on a PPP basis
(US$)
35 200
31 400
Visiting Tourists (% of population)
57.8
25.8
Oil Consumption (m3/person/year)
4.022
1.876
Human Development Index (HDI)
0.950
0.932
# of McDonalds Location (per
million people)
35.2
13.2
Corruption-Perception Index (CPI)
8.5
8.0
60 966
42 702
Freedom House Rating
Internet users (per 100 000)
Measure of Global
Involvement
Freedom House Rating
Canada
Germany Bangladesh Zambia
2
2
8
7
Infant Mortality Rate (per
1000)
4.7
4.1
60.8
86.8
GDP per capita on a PPP
basis (US$)
35 200
31 400
2200
1000
Visiting Tourists (% of
population)
57.8
25.8
0.033
0.066
Oil Consumption
(m3/person/year)
4.022
1.876
0.530
0.407
Human Development
Index (HDI)
0.950
0.932
0.530
0.407
# of McDonalds Location
(per million people)
35.2
13.2
0
0
Corruption-Perception
Index (CPI)
8.5
8.0
2.0
2.6
Internet users (per 100
60 966
42 702
208
2051
Less Globalized Periphery (Periphery)
•
•
•
•
•
Poorer than the “Core” countries
People have less personal security
Limited political freedom and civil liberties
Corruption is almost always a serious problem
Eg. Bangladesh, Zambia, Congo, Kenya
In Between Countries
• Most countries are somewhere in between the
core and periphery
• Makes more sense to divide the in between
nations into 2 groups - lots of variation between
these countries
Measure of Global
Involvement
Malaysia
Poland
8
2
12
6
Infant Mortality Rate (per
1000)
17.2
7.2
40.3
22.8
GDP per capita on a PPP
basis (US$)
12 700
14 100
8 900
5 000
Visiting Tourists (% of
population)
64.4
39.9
2.4
2.6
Oil Consumption
(m3/person/year)
1.224
0.672
1.276
0.222
Human Development
Index (HDI)
0.805
0.862
0.746
0.763
# of McDonalds Location
(per million people)
5.7
0.4
0
2.3
Corruption-Perception
Index (CPI)
5.0
3.7
2.7
2.5
Internet users (per 10
41 243
23 341
8096
5008
Freedom House Rating
Iran
Philippines
Countries in Between
• Countries like Poland & Malaysia are generally
members of the Core but are not at the same
level as countries like Canada & Germany
• Not as wealthy, gov’t not as democratic
• As years pass becoming more like Canada and
Germany
• ⁂ need to divide “Core” into 2 groups
• Old Core and New Core
Countries in Between
• Periphery can be divided into 2 groups as well
• Iran and Philippines are more advanced than
countries like Bangladesh and Zambia
• With continued economic, social & political
growth - have potential to join Core in future
• These countries can be called Near-Core
Periphery (Periphery)
Countries in Between
• Countries like Bangladesh & Zambia it will take
longer for these countries to become fully
functioning members of the global world
• These countries are part of the Far Periphery
Grouping the World’s Nations
Grouping the World's Nations
Groups of Nations in a Globalized World
(More Globalized)
Core
Old Core
New Core
(Less Globalized)
Periphery
New Core
(Periphery)
Far
Periphery
Grouping the World’s Nations