Transcript education, science and mobility

Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Minister of Education and Science
POLAND
18 MONTHS
AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY
Lecture in SSEES
London, 24th March, 2006
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Minister of Education and Science
CONTENTS
- Introduction – current situation
- A bit of history
- Recent developments in education,
science & mobility
- Accession – challenges and benefits
- Ambitions
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Introduction
Current situation
The accession constituted a formal confirmation of our
participation in the process of creating the concept of
modern Europe.
For Poland this process was particularly long and painful;
full of consequences which even now significantly
influence our position.
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Introduction
Current situation
Where are we today?
Poland
UE - 25
%
Population (million)
38.2
451.8
8.50
GDP [bio €]
202
9 599
2.10
Employment (million)
13 800
197 000
7.00
Number of researchers (thousand)
56 900
1 085 000
5.25
Expenditure on research [bio €]
1.2
169
0.70
Number of scientific publications
10 050
290 600
3.50
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
A bit of history
By the end of the 18th century the Kingdom of Poland become
divided between the three powers – Russia, Prussia and Austria.
We regain independence at the end of the first WW, but soon
after come the WWII, with particularly devastating effect. The
country’s infrastructure was destroyed, the human resources in
science, education and culture were wiped out.
The Nazi Germany sought to eradicate the intellectual fabric of
our society. The annihilation was complemented by the Soviet
Union, that mass executed thousands of Polish army officers,
held as prisoners of war.
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
A bit of history
In 1950-ties Poland undertook reconstruction of the country – the
bridges and houses, as well as skilled and educated resources of
the nation.
But the Stalin’s era, bringing with it the political and cultural
terror, the centralised economy and the emptiness of communist
ideology, did not facilitate a formation of creative and innovative
science and academic sectors.
In the centralised economy the industry and science are
pursuing their separate objectives. The technology pull is a
fiction and the science is often moved to the domains irrelevant
to the wellbeing of the society.
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Current situation
A new era has started when, in 1989, having won the right to hold
free elections, Poland firmly rejected most of the constraints of
the communist regime and the Soviet domination and entered
the path of democracy. This was possible as a result of the
Solidarity Revolution that launched the drive for liberty.
The changes enforced by Solidarity in Poland contributed to the
fall of communism in Europe and this achievement constitutes a
major Polish input into the European integration.
Poland embarked on a path of social and economic
transformation – sometimes very painful, as accompanied by a
high unemployment. But also characterised by stable economic
growth.
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Current situation
Poland - GDP Growth (%)
8
7
7
6
6
5.2
5
4
6.8
5.6
4.8
3.8
4
3.5
3
3
2
1
1.2
1
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Current situation
50
Poland - inflation rate (%)
44.4
45
40
35
37.7
29.5
30
25
20
15
21.6
18.7
13.2
8.5
10
9.8
8.6
3.6
5
1.9
0.7
2.0
0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Recent developments - education
In the areas of interest – education, science and mobility - the
profound changes started to take shape.
In education we witnessed the emergence of private (non
budgetary) institutions, both at school and university level.
This contributed to the growth in number of university and Ph. D
students unparallel anywhere in Europe.
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Human resources in Poland - students
300
2000
1800.5
1718.7
1584.8
13971431.9
1800
1600
1400
1231
1200
342.1
250
261.1
209.8
200
174.8
146.3
1077
1000
845 906
150
115.9
800
600 385
400
100
59 61.4
64.2 70.3
89
50
200
0 19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001/2
0
1991/219951996 19971998 19992000 20012002 2003
NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS (in
thousands) - increase currently to over 2
mln. (5 times)
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATES
(in thousands) - increase to nearly 400 k
(7 times)
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Human resources in Poland – Ph. D
31072
28345
25622
30000
22239
25000
18774
20000
15321
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
15000
11237
9577
10000
6268
3687
5000 16082405
0
2000
1500
1000
500
0
199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002
NUMBER OF Ph. D STUDENTS increase from 1.5 k to 33 k (22 times)
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002
NUMBER OF AWARDED Ph. D
DEGREES - increase from 1.5 k to
5.5 k (4 times)
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Recent developments - science
In the science sector, the research community was given a
strong say in the state policy and in distribution of funds from
the state budget.
In consequence, new avenues of research were pursued and
contacts with international science were being established.
But in parallel with it a significant dispersion of research
potential took place.
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Recent developments - science
SIZE OF THE R&D SECTOR (2005)
State Universities
Private Universities
Inst. of the Polish Academy of Sciences
116
263
81
R&D units
232
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
R&D personnel in Poland 2005
Type of R&D unit
Inst. of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Number of R&D personnel
4 600
R&D units
12 200
State-owned universities
36 600
Others
TOTAL (full time equivalent)
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
3 500
56 900
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
BILATERAL COOPERATION
Bilateral projects realised in 2003 with selected partners
Country
Number of projects
Ukraine
Russian Federation
Japan
France
Germany
China
Belarus
India
178
156
128
120
110
99
79
46
GERD IN POLAND IN 1991-2005
Country
EU-25
1,2%
% GDP
Total
Budgetary expenditure
Non-budgetary expenditure
1.95
1,0%
2.00
Czech Rep.
1.35
France
2.19
Spain
1.11
Germany
0,87 0,86
0,90
0,74
0,8%
Hungary
0.97
Great Britain
1.87
Italy
1.16
0,71
0,64 0,64
0,64 0,60
0,57 0,55
0,6%
0,46 0,47 0,46
0,4%
0.57
0,74 0,73 0,74
0,64
2.50
Slovak Rep.
0,78
0,68
[% GDP]
ЕU-15
0,43 0,44 0,42 0,41
0,34 0,33 0,33 0,30
0,35
0,29
0,2%
0,22
0,30
0,30 0,30 0,30 0,300,30 + UE
0,28 0,30 0,27 0,30
0,26
0,0%
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Recent developments – mobility
The effects on mobility – Program ERASMUS (students):
- steady increase in numbers
- significant imbalance between foreign and Polish visits
Country preferences in Marie Curie Actions: UK (25%),
Germany (21%), France (15%)
Country
to
from
Germany
7 600
1 200
France
3 300
900
UK
1 600
260
total
24 000
4 600
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Accession – changes and benefits
The accession to the EU has opened to Poland a new era of
relations with the Member Countries. In particular it has:
- introduced Poland to the process of the Lisbon Strategy
(building the knowledge-based economy and
the knowledge-based society)
- exposed our weaknesses in many areas of our life
- introduced us to the discipline on R&D expenditures
- accelerated the process of internal reforms
- given the country and the society a spectrum of new ambitions.
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Accession – changes and benefits
The policies of the new Polish Government, being formulated
since after the 2005 elections, aim in particular:
- in education - creation of a new model for university education
and for a career for university researcher, in line with
the Bologna declaration
- in science - determined increase of state expenditures
and embarking on a far reaching reform of the science sector
- in mobility – formulation of dedicated programmes supporting
the mobility of young researches
- in employment - creation of the conditions for growth in line
with the economy.
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
STRATEGY OF R & D FUNDING INCREASE
to reach goals of Lisbon Strategy
3,5
3
3
2,6
2,5
2,2
2
1,8
1,5
1,5
1,25
1
0,5
0,64
0,9
0,66
1,9
1,65
1,3
1,06
0,68
2,2
0,85
0,85
1
1
2009
2010
0
2004
2005
progressive version I
2006
2007
2008
progressive version II
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
stagnation version
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Accession – changes and benefits
Competitiveness and economic rules in science:
- implementation of highly competitive grant system
- critical assessment of all research institutes
- financial incentives to support participation in EU programs
- research priorities based on economic and resource
assessment (Foresight)
- concentrating and streamlining resources into top innovative
groups
- complement „pure” research with economy oriented R&D
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Accession – challenges

Employment of Structural Funds to foster co-operation between
R&D sector and economy

Meaningful participation in EU Framework Programmes
- maximize participation and associated benefits in 7FP
- promote excellence as a basic criterion for support from
public funds
- active role in coordination of national research programmes
- accommodate research on social and environmental issues:
global and regional
- increase mobility of scientists, to and from the country
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Accession – ambitions
Basic research is a great chance - there we are strongest.
Strongest
Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry,
Astrophysics, Archaeology
Medium
Biology, Earth Sciences, Medicine,
some Eng. Sciences.
Strong nationally Literary studies, Sociology, History
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Accession – ambitions
1st
step – European Research Area
2nd
step – European funding of basic research
European Research Council
3rd
step – European Higher Education
Bologna declaration, EIT
New Europe needs new Universities and new
higher education structure - open to most
talented young people from all Europe
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Accession – ambitions
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT
Michał SEWERYŃSKI