Transcript Government and Politics

New Zealand
National Flag of
New Zealand:
the Union Jack and
the stars of the
Southern Cross 南
十字星座
National
Flag of
Australia
Introduction
• Official name
New Zealand
• Capital
Wellington 惠灵顿
• Area
270,534 sq km
• (The size of the country is similar to Britain
or Japan.)
• Population
est.)
4,173,460 (July 2008
structure
• Geography
• History
• Culture
• Economic
• Government and Politics
Geography
The Geographical Features: New
Zealand is in the Southern Pacific Ocean,
halfway between the equator and the
South Pole. It is located within the Ring
of Fire, a region encircling the Pacific
Ocean where the movement of
tectonic[地质] 构造的 plates 板块 leads
to volcanic and seismic[5saIzmIk]
地震 activity.
It has
two
main
islands:
North
Island
and
South
Island.
Mount Cook
Mt Cook库克山
:the highest peak, 3,754 meters high
Lake Taupo
Lake Taupo陶波湖
sits in central
North Island. It
covers 606 sq km;
it is 40 km long
and 27 km wide. In
the surrounding
area are numerous
geysers喷泉 and
hot springs.
The Clutha
克鲁萨 : the
largest river,
336 km long
in the South
Island.
Plants and Animals
Many of New Zealand’s native flowering
plants are unique. A rich variety of trees,
treeferns, ground ferns, mosses and other
plants make up “the bush”, as New
Zealanders call their forests. Besides, New
Zealand has 250 species of birds including
the kiwi, a New Zealand bird with a long
beak and hair-like feathers, which cannot fly.
It is the national symbol of New Zealand
and New Zealanders refer to themselves as
Kiwis.
Tree Fern:
New Zealand's
impressive tree
fern can grow to a
towering height of
15 meters. With
more than 150 fern
species growing in
New Zealand, the
plant has become
a national symbol.
Kiwi Fruit
奇异果
The brown kiwi几维（一种新西兰产的
无翼鸟）； , related to emu, is a
small, flightless bird found only
in the forest and scrub areas of
New Zealand. It is named for its
call, which sounds like "keewee." It feeds primarily on
insects, spiders, worms, seeds,
and fruits.
structure
• Geography
• History
• Culture
• Economic
• Government and Politics
History
1.Maori came between 1,000 and 3,000 years
ago. The first people to settle New Zealand were
the ancestors of the Maori 毛利人who are
thought to have called the islands Aotearoa
(“Land of the Long White Cloud”).长白云之乡
2.Europeans came in the 17th century
Abel Tasman: a Dutch navigator, the first
European to visit New Zealand in 1642
Captain James Cook: the first Englishman to visit
New Zealand in 1769
3.The Treaty of Waitangi 1840
The Treaty of Waitangi was signed on 6th
February, 1840 by Governor William
Hobson and 50 Maori chiefs. By the terms
of the Treaty, Great Britain formally
proclaimed sovereignty over the island
and agreed to respect the landownership
rights of the Maori, who placed
themselves under the protection of the
British government. February 6th is now
celebrated as New Zealand’s National
Day—Waitangi Day 威坦哲日, 怀唐伊日。
4.After 1840
Settlement of New Zealan
d from the British Isles
and Australia began in
earnest after the signing
of the Treaty of Waitangi.
The European population
of New Zealand grew
from about 1,000 in the
1830s to nearly 60,000 in
1858, and then rocketed
to 500,000 by the early
1880s.
structure
• Geography
• History
• Culture
• Economic
• Government and Politics
First part
culture
• New Zealand's culture is
rich and diverse due to
the blending of
Polynesian and European
cultures. The influence of
Maori, Pacific Island,
European and Asian
cultures makes New
Zealand a colourful and
vibrant place with many
different customs and
food to enjoy.
MAORI CULTURE
• The Maori are the
indigenous people of
New Zealand, they are
Polynesian and comprise
about 14 percent of the
country's population. Te
reo Maori is the native
language which is related
to Tahitian and Hawaiian
Maoritanga 毛利人文化和风俗习惯
Three stages of cultural development:
The earliest cultural tradition in New Zealand
was that of the Maori, who developed a rich
and diverse Polynesian culture in geographic
isolation from the other cultures of Polynesia.
European settlers brought with them their own
traditions, which eventually dominated the
country’s cultural life. Since the 1950s the
cultural fabric of New Zealand has become
increasingly diverse with the immigration of
peoples from the Pacific Islands and Asia.
Maoritanga means Maoriculture, the Maori
way of life and view of the world.
Traditional Maori culture is expressed in song,
dance, oratory, woodcarving, weaving, and
architecture. In the 1980s they initiated a
revival of their language and other traditions.
By that time many Maori had assimilated into
the predominant European culture. The
majority of Maori had become urban dwellers,
and most younger Maori did not know the
Maori language. Today Maori culture thrives
in both traditional and reinvented traditions.
New Zealand
Houses: The red
and white house
shown here is
probably owned
by a Maori family.
Te Hau Ki Turanga,
Wellington: The National
Museum, in Wellington
houses a wide array of
traditional Maori pieces,
including the Te Hau Ki
Turanga, an elaborately
carved, mid-19th century
Maori meeting house.
Maori
Woodcarving:
Woodcarving
is a traditional
art form of the
Maori people.
Maori houses
and
communal
buildings
often
incorporate
ornate 装饰的
woodcarvings
Maori
Woodcarvin
g
Maori Haka Dance: Theatrical performances are a celebrated part of
the Maori culture in New Zealand today. Here a Maori storyteller
dressed in a traditional costume performs the haka dance. The
dance, which Maori men once performed before going into battle, is
characterized by heavy stomping,跺脚 loud chanting, and aggressive
body movements.
Maori protest
march in
Wellington
Maori protest
march in
Wellington
Maori Carving
food
• New Zealand Food is similar to Australian food: both
their roots are in British and Irish foods.
• There are differences, however. Maoris (indigenous New
Zealanders) and immigrants from other Pacific Islands
make up a significant proportion of the population.
• Consequently, there is a strong Polynesian influence in
New Zealand cuisine. Ancient staples like “Kumara” (a
sweet potato), play a large role in the Kiwi Recently,
other international flavors, especially from South East
Asia, have been fused with more traditional New
Zealand recipes.
Lemon & Paeroa -- New Zealand's
World Famous Drink
structure
• Geography
• History
• Culture
• Economic
• Government and Politics
Second part
economic
•
•
•
The economy of New Zealand is a
market economy which is greatly
dependent on international trade,
mainly with Australia, the European
Union, the United States, China and
Japan.
It has only small manufacturing and
high-tech sectors, being strongly
focused on tourism and primary
industries like agriculture (though both
sectors are highly profitable).
Economic free-market reforms of
the last decades have removed many
barriers to foreign investment, and the
World Bank in 2005 praised New
Zealand as being the most businessfriendly country in the world, before
Singapore.
Primary products
•
•
•
Agriculture and horticulture,
forestry, fisheries, energy and
minerals are the primary natural
resources of New Zealand.
The most valuable of these
product groups, providing a high
proportion of New Zealand's
export earnings is agriculture and
horticulture which incorporates the
production of sheep meat, beef,
wool, dairy produce and hides,
deer, goats and cereal products.
In fact, agricultural products total
more than 50% of all New Zealand
exports.
Economy
The economy of New Zealand
largely relies on overseas trade
because it lacks many mineral
resources and has only discovered
small reserves of oil. It needs to import
minerals to keep its economy running.
Other imports include manufactured
goods, heavy machinery, petroleum,
chemicals, iron and steel, plastic
materials and textiles.
In recent years New Zealand has
developed its agriculture and
manufacturing industries to suit the
needs of the international markets.
It is one of the world’s largest
exporters of meat, dairy products
and wool. Industries such as
forestry, horticulture 园艺, fishing,
manufacturing, and tourism have
also become increasingly significant.
Gross GDP 2008, millions of US dollars
130,693(ranking 53)
281,776 (Ireland 31)
GNI Per Capita 2008 (US dollars)
27,940(ranking 41)
49,590 (Ireland 11)
GDP
• The New Zealand GDP
per capita is for instance
less than that of Spain
and about 60% that of the
United States. Income
inequality has increased
greatly, implying that
significant portions of the
population have quite
modest incomes. Further,
New Zealand has a very
large current account
deficit of 8-9% of GD
tourism
•
•
Tourism is a fundamental
contributor to New Zealand’s
economy and way of
life. Tourism contributes close
to 10% of gross domestic
product (GDP) as well as
directly and indirectly
employing nearly one in ten
New Zealanders.
Importantly, and despite more
challenging times in the past 12
months, tourism remains one of
New Zealand’s largest foreign
exchange earners. The graph
below shows how tourism and
its contribution is felt at
national, regional and local
levels throughout the New
Zealand economy.
Mt Taranaki
Queenstown
Lake Rotorua
structure
• Geography
• History
• Culture
• Economic
• Government and Politics
Government and Politics
The Government
Form of
government
Head of state
Head of
government
Legislature
Parliamentary democracy
Governor-general,
representing the British
monarch
Prime minister
Unicameral legislature
House of Representatives: 120
members (for three years)
First-level political divisions
12 regions and 4 unitary authorities
Constitution
No written constitution; political
system closely modeled on that of the
United Kingdom.
Political Parties
Two-party system: the National Party
and the Labor Party
Beehive 蜂窝, Wellington: The Beehive, named for its appearance, is
part of the parliamentary complex in Wellington, the capital of New
Zealand. The building houses the offices of the prime minister and
the cabinet.
In 1893 New Zealand became the first country in the world to extend
the vote to women. The New Zealand women shown here participating
in an election in Wellington North were exercising their right to vote
for the first time.
Helen Clark
In 1999 Helen Clark, leader of the Labor Party, became the first female
prime minister in New Zealand. She won her third election in September,
2005 (three years for one term).
Voted for Change: John Key celebrates National
Party's victory during New Zealand General
election in Auckland, Nov. 8, 2008.
John Key
Third part
Relationship with china
• New Zealand and China celebrated 38 years of
diplomatic relations on 22 December 2010. The bilateral
relationship has grown to become one of New Zealand’s
most valuable and important. As a global and regional
power, New Zealand’s second-largest trading partner,
and a major source of migrants, students and tourists,
China is important to New Zealand as a bilateral,
regional and multilateral partner.
• The China-New Zealand relationship is characterised by
regular high-level contacts, an expanding range of
official dialogues - both formal and informal, healthy and
diversifying trade and economic flows in both directions,
and strengthening people-to-people contacts.
this picture is china's vice chairman meets with new
zealand prime minister.