Transcript COLOMBIAN NATIONAL SYMBOLS

COLOMBIA
Capital: Bogotá
Currency: Peso
Official language: Spanish Language
Government: Constitutional republic, Unitary state, Presidential
system
Population: 46,927,125 (2011)
LOCATION
It is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the northwest
by Panama; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the east
by Venezuela and Brazil to the south by Ecuador and Peru and to the
west by the Pacific Ocean.
NATIONAL FLAG
COLOMBIAN NATIONAL
SYMBOLS
ABOUT COLOMBIA
The name "Colombia" is derived from the last name
of Christopher Columbus (Italian: Cristoforo Colombo;
Spanish: Cristóbal Colón).
With an estimated 46 million people in 2008, Colombia is
the third-most populous country in Latin America, after
Brazil and Mexico.
Today Colombia is the third largest oil producer in South
America and it is estimated that by 2012.
Colombia has the fourth largest economy in Latin
America
GEOGRAPHY
Colombia is characterized by its six main natural regions that present their own unique
characteristics, from the Andes mountain range region shared with Ecuador and
Venezuela; the Pacific coastal region shared with Panama and Ecuador; the Caribbean
coastal region shared with Venezuela and Panama; the Llanos (plains) shared with
Venezuela; to the Amazon Rainforest region shared with Venezuela, Brazil, Peru and
Ecuador.
HYDROLOGY AND CLIMAT
Its main rivers are Magdalena, Cauca, Guaviare,
and Caquetá.
About 86% of the country's total area lies in hot Weather
Colombians describe their country in terms of the
climatic zones. Below 900 meters (2,953 ft) in
elevation (hot land), where temperatures vary between
24 and 38 °C (75.2 and 100.4 °F).
The most productive land and the majority of the
population can be found temperate land.
Cold land, 1,980 and 3,500 meters (6,496 and 11,483
ft)), between 10 and 19 °C (50 and 66.2 °F).
Above 4,500 meters (14,764 ft), where temperatures are
below freezing, a zone of permanent snow and ice.
ECONOMY
Historically an agrarian(farming)economy.
Colombia is rich in natural resources, and its main exports
include petroleum, coal, coffee and other agricultural
produce, and gold.
Colombia is also known as the world's leading source
of emeralds, while over 70% of cut flowers imported by the
United States are Colombian
Economic history
• Precolonial and colonial time:
– The mineral and metal resources: exhaustion
increasing
– Agricultural:
•Limited in 1500s
•Became a dynamic enterprise in 1600s
•Replaced mining as the core of the Colombian economy
by the 1700s
•By the end of 1700s, sugar and tobacco had become
important export commodities
Economic history
• 1819-1902:
– After independence in 1819, local entrepreneurs
were free to capitalize on world markets rather than
Spain
– The economy was based on mining, agriculture
and cattle raising
– In the late 19th century, tobacco and coffee
export industries developed, greatly enlarging the
merchant class, leading to population expansion and
the growth of cities
Economic history
• 1902-1967:
–1902: experienced the coffee boom, bringing the
attendant benefits of transportation and the 1st
major attempts at manufacturing
–1905-1915: described as the most significant
growth phase in Colombian history, characterized by
an expansion of exports and government revenues,
as well as an overall rise in the GDP
–Coffee contributed most to trade, growing from
only 8 percent of total exports at the beginning of
the 1870s to nearly 75 percent by the mid-1920s
Economic history
• 1967-1989:
– From 1967 to 1980, the Colombian economy, and
particularly the coffee industry, experienced sustained
growth. In just over a decade, Colombia's coffee production
doubled. The expansion of production and exports boosted
the income and purchasing capacity of the thousands of
households involved in coffee cultivation, thereby increasing
consumption and allowing the GDP to expand. Strong export
earnings and a large increase in foreign-exchange reserves
were the most noticeable results of this economic expansion.
Economic history
– Colombia also used diverse trade-policy tools,
such as tariffs(tax) and quotas(quantity limit), in
order to promote import substitution(a trade and
economic policy that advocates replacing foreign
imports with domestic production). To encourage
exports, a competitive exchange rate(between the
domestic currency and a foreign currency) became a
centerpiece of macroeconomic policy.
– On the negative side, the increasing internal
conflict, in which guerrilla groups, paramilitaries,
and drug cartels were major players, had negative
economic effects
• 1990-1999:
– In 1990: a peace process with the Guerrilla group and
the debate over how to bring major drug lords to justice.
– Colombia enjoyed a fairly good economic performance
in the first half of the 1990s because of an initial increase
in public spending, and the wealth effect resulting from
increased oil production. However the increases of both
private and public foreign debt made the country
vulnerable to negative international shocks
– In late 1999, the government and the Central Bank
undertook a major policy decision: the exchange rate would
be allowed to float and be determined by market forces, and
the Bank of the Republic would no longer intervene in the
foreign-exchange market. In as much as this change in policy
came when
confidence in the
peso was very low,
there was a distinct
possibility that the
currency would
weaken to an extent
that could make
foreign debts—both
of the government
and of the private
sector—unpayable
Economic history
•
1999-present:
– By early 2000 there had been the beginning of an economic recovery, with
the export sector leading the way, as it enjoyed the benefit of the more
competitive exchange rate, as well as strong prices for petroleum, Colombia's
leading export product. Prices of coffee, the other principal export product, have
been more variable.
Economic growth reached 3.1% during 2000 and inflation was 9.0% although
unemployment has yet to significantly improved. Colombia's international reserves have
remained stable at around $8.35 billion, and Colombia has successfully remained in
international capital markets.
Colombia's total foreign debt at the end of 1999 was $34.5 billion with $14.7
billion in private sector and $19.8 billion in public sector debt. Major international
credit rating organizations have dropped Colombian sovereign debt below investment
grade, primarily as a result of large fiscal deficits, which current policies are seeking to
close.
«World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains: Investment and
Trade for Development» by UNCTAD.
COLOMBIAN EMERALD
COLOMBIAN COFFEE
BOGOTA CAPITAL CITY
COLOMBIAN
TOURISM
PRINCIPAL TOURIST PLACES
NATIONAL FOLK AND CULTURE
PRINCIPAL FESTIVALS
BARRANQUILLA’S CARNIVAL
COLOMBIAN CUISINE AND TASTE
PORK STUFF
BANDEJA PAISA DISH
TAMAL
RICE WITH CHICKEN
COLOMBIAN CUISINE AND TASTE
COLOMBIAN SANCOCHO SOUP
FRIED FISH
VARIETY OF FRUITS
AND PRODUCTS
COLOMBIAN FLORA AND FAUNA
BIODIVERSITY
Colombia is the second most biodiverse country in the world, after
Brazil.
Colombia has a large number of taxonomic
groups animals and flora typical equator which is, in addition to
varieties of migrations wildlife from around the world.
Colombia is one of the megadiverse countries in biodiversity, ranking
third in living species and first in bird species.
BIODIVERSITY
• Colombia also has about 1,200 species of marine fish and
1,600 species of freshwater.
• Is the second country with a greater variety of butterflies:
3,000 families and 14 species and more than 250,000 varieties
of beetles.
• First in amphibian species (15%) with 30 % of the species of
turtles and 25 % of the species of crocodiles. There are 30
species of primates and 222 species of snakes in the country.
SPECIES OF FAUNA AND FLORA
COLOMBIAN FOOTBALL
COLOMBIAN FAMOUS TALENTS
References materials
• www.investincolombia.com.co/colombiaeconomy
• www.colombia.sk/en/content/colombiaeconomy
• Www.colombiaemb.org/colombian-economy
• www.heritage.org/index/country/colombia
Thank you
• Speakers:
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Nguyen Thuy Thao (136547)
Ponomareva Ulyana (136550)
Long Chan Tra (136548)
Huynh Thanh Dai (136541)