Transcript 슬라이드 1 - Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Transportation

Progress Report
on
“Nurturing an Integrated Logistics and
Transportation System for the APEC Economies”
2006-2008
Background and Purpose of Study
• Proliferation of FTAs in global economy and participation of the
Northeast Asian Countries
– 197 FTAs have reportedly come into effective as of July 2006
– Over 50 percent of world trade takes place within these FTAs
– Countries in Northeast Asia are actively participating in these
phenomenon since the late 1990s.
(As of June 2007)
Korea
China
Japan
Completed
Negotiation
Chile, Singapore
EFTA, ASEAN,
USA
ASEAN, Hong Kong
Macao, Chile,
Pakistan
Singapore, Mexico
Malaysia, Philippines,
Thailand
Japan, Canada,
Mexico, India
New Zealand, GCC
Australia, Singapore
ASEAN, Indonesia
Chile, Brunei, GCC
On-Going
Negotiation
Background and Purpose of Study
• Trade volume within the Northeast Asian countries is likely to
expand further, and issues of the regional integration in transport
logistics become more important.
– Hummels (1999) estimated 1% reduction in transport costs will lead to
5~8% increase in market shares.
– Nuno and Venables (2001) proved that increase in trade volume is
highly depends on the transport costs.
The study will analyze the impacts of the proliferation of FTAs in
Northeast Asia on regional logistics system as well as the economic
effects of the logistic integration in Northeast Asia (or “seamless
logistics in Northeast Asia”)
Major Outcomes of the Study 2006 (1)
• The objective of the study 2006:
– To gather basic data and develop a framework in order to overcome
the obstacles from different levels of logistics system
– To develop a more integrated logistics and transportation system for
the economies of China, Japan, and Korea
• The major contents :
– Analyzing the logistics costs of the each economy
– Identifying barriers to integration of a logistics and transportation
system
– Formulating action plans for realizing the vision of nurturing an
integrated logistics system
Major Outcomes of the Study 2006 (2)
• The logistics costs of each economy:
Total
Logistic Costs
(Domestic + International)
Total
Transportation Costs
China
(2005)
Japan
(2003)
Korea
(2003)
US$444.5 billion
US$333.3 billion
US$120.9 billion
21.3 % of GDP
8.2% of GDP
12.5% of GDP
US$244.7 billion
US$223.3 billion
US$ 99.2billion
55.0 % of total
logistic costs
70.0 % of total
logistic costs
81.4 % of total
logistic costs
Major Outcomes of the Study 2006 (3)
• Impediments to integration of a logistics and transportation
system
1) Physical & Technical barriers
Literature reviews
Field survey
• Insufficient logistics infra
• Lack of standardization of shipping
boxes
• Incompatibility of logistics equipment
• Limitation of transportation equipment
• Safety issues due to obsolescence of
equipment
• Shortage of unloading equipment
in ports
• Size of container(12”) for railway
transport between Japan-Korea
• Shortage of transport vehicles in inland
China
• Standardization of pallets
Major Outcomes of the Study 2006 (4)
2) Customs barriers
Literature reviews
• Insufficient availability of specialized
labors
• Existence of divergence in customs
systems
• Long delay for customs clearance
Field survey
• Divergence of customs systems
• Absence of integrated EDI system
• Different regulations
• Long delay for quarantine
3) Information system barriers
Literature reviews
• Absence of standardized documentation
• Low efficiency of cargo tracking systems
• Low connectivity of interaction between
systems
Field survey
• Supply-demand imbalance of empty
containers due to lack of information
system
• Diverse EDI documentation
Major Outcomes of the Study 2006 (5)
4) Institutional & Legal barriers
Literature reviews
•
Field survey
• Differentiation on foreign and
domestic investors
• Additional costs incurred due to
various logistics regulations
• Restriction on areas of investment
• Complicated paper work for import &
export activities
In 2006, due to various types of impediments, the additional costs occurred for
shipment between Korea and China was estimated as US$41.9 million.
– The costs of barriers amounted to US$704.8 million, accounting for 5.95% of the
total exporting costs.
– Additional costs of barriers mostly occurred in port operations.
Major Outcomes of the Study 2006 (6)
• Action plans for realizing the vision of nurturing an integrated
logistics system in the area of Northeast Asia
– Establishing an integrated international intermodal logistics system by
standardizing logistics equipment
• Establishment of seamless door-to-door transportation system
• Elimination of barriers for efficient connectivity between a port and inland
• Establishment of global logistics centers in strongholds
– Eliminating customs barriers by standardizing customs procedures
• Nurturing specialized expertise
• Simplifying customs inspection and quarantine
Major Outcomes of the Study 2006 (7)
– Building an integrated information system by standardizing
documentation and procedures
• Establishment of integrated logistics information network
– Establishing an global logistics network by reforming institutional and
legal issues
• Reforming institutions and regulations
• Enacting special law
Main Contents of the Study 2007
• Concept of Logistics Integration
– Case Study: EU
• Review and Analysis on FTAs in Northeast Asia and their Economic
Effects
• Impediments to Logistics Integration in Northeast Asia
– Perceptions of China, Japan and Korea on the creation of the ‘Seamless
logistic systems in Northeast Asia’
– Literature Reviews /Conducting Survey
• Impacts of Proliferation of FTAs on regional logistics system and
Economic Effects of Logistics Integration in Northeast Asia
– Empirical Analysis (using Gravity Model)
The China-Japan-Korea Ministerial
Conference on Maritime Transport and
Logistics (September 2006)
Background
• From 1990s, economic interdependence among Northeast Asian
countries, namely China, Japan and Korea, has intensified, with
increasing amount of trade and investment.
• The gross volume of trade among the three countries recorded USD
400 billion in 2005, two times bigger than in 2000.
• Role of maritime transport and logistics among three countries
became more significant.
– Three countries contribute about 30 percent of the world’s container
trade (120 million TEU)
• Many obstacles and impediments still remain due to the different
systems and procedures among three countries.
Requires efforts to promote the creation of a secure, efficient,
cost-effective and seamless logistic system in Northeast Asia
Creation of a Secure, Efficient, Cost-effective and Seamless
Logistic System in Northeast Asia
Barrier Reduction,
Cooperative
Development
Standardization
Harmonization
& Facilitation
Need for
Cooperation
• Increasing Volume of Regional Trade,
• Proliferation of FTAs within the Region
• Need for reduction in transport costs for
competitiveness enhancement
Cooperation
Framework
China-Japan-Korea Ministerial Conference on
Maritime Transport and Logistics
•
•
The conference was held on September 7, 2006 in Seoul, Korea
The Joint Statement was adopted with following issues:
1. The Ministerial Conference will be held once a year and developed
into an intergovernmental cooperative channel.
2. The three countries would welcome the development of a logistics
cooperation framework consisting of corporation and economic
organization.
3. The three countries would welcome the research organization to
carry out studies, particularly on the benefits of the seamless
logistics system in North East Asia.
4. The detailed tasks will be implemented in accordance with a Plan of
Actions.
Plans of Actions
1. Improve inappropriate logistics related institutions and system
- Conduct survey of the private enterprises’ overseas operation in the three
countries
2. Create conditions to realize the seamless logistics system in Northeast
Asia
- Conduct research of mutual access of trailer chassis in Northeast Asia
- Make efforts to establish an effective inter-connected logistics
information network
- Exchange of information on maritime transport and logistics in
Northeast Asia
* Support expert’s study for establishing a database on maritime transport
and logistics in Northeast Asia
3. Standardization of logistics equipment
- Study jointly the issues of standardization of the domestic cargo container
Action Plans (cont)
4. Promote close cooperative relations among ports
- Strengthen close cooperative relations among ports in the
three countries through Northeast Asia Port Director-General
Meeting.
5. Take measures to balance logistics security and efficiency
- Share relevant information, exchange views on the establishment of
Secure and efficient logistics
6. Promote mutual exchanges, cooperation and joint researches
7. Share the outcomes of discussion in the field of logistics
8. Establish environmentally less burdensome logistics policies
Thank you !