Transcript Regional Policy

EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Regional Policy
EN
Third Cohesion report
February 2004
Convergence, Competitiveness and Co-operation
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Regional Policy
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Importance of the Cohesion reports
Third
Cohesion
report
context
• Every 3 years Commission analyses state of
cohesion and contribution of its policies (Art.
159 of the Treaty)
•1st report (1996) the premises of Agenda 2000
•2nd report: (2001) launched debate on cohesion
policy after enlargement
• 3 report (February 2004): presents proposals
for reformed cohesion policy after 2007
rd
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Regional Policy
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The report contains 4 parts
Third
Cohesion
report
structure
1. Analysis of situation and trends in the
regions and factors of competitiveness
2. The contribution of national policies to
cohesion
3. The contribution of community policies
4. The impact of Cohesion Policy
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION
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Financial perspectives 2007-2013
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Cohesion
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Financial
aspects
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Promoting Europe's wealth - Policy challenges and budgetary
means of the enlarged Union 2007-2013 Keeping the current
expenditure ceiling (1.24% of the Union's GNI)
Commission proposal: commitments 1.22% and 1.14% for
payments
A distinct change in the financial perspectives
Four political priorities for the Union:
•
Sustainable development – competitiveness, cohesion (for
growth and employment)
•
conservation and management of natural resources
•
Citizenship, freedom, security and justice
•
The EU – a global partner
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Cohesion
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Reminder:
EU budget 2000-2006
Ceiling as regards committments per year: € 108.5 billion
for EU25, of which € 37 billion for structural actions,
at 2004 prices
Financial Perspectives 2007-2013
Ceiling as regards committments per year: € 146.4 billion
for EU27, of which € 48 billion for structural actions,
at 2004 prices (excluding rural development)
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Regional Policy
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Third
Cohesion
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BRU Expenditure on cohesion policy, 2000-2013
4711
Rural development deductions
Expenditure in EU15 (left axis)
EUR million (at 1999 prices)
% of GNI
Expenditure in N12 (left axis)
70000
0,40
Expenditure in EU15 as % of GNI in EU27 (right axis)
0,35
60000
0,30
50000
0,25
40000
0,20
30000
0,15
Expenditure in N12 as % of GNI in EU27 (right axis)
20000
0,10
10000
0,05
0
0,00
2000
2001
Source: DG REGIO
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2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
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Regional Policy
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Third
Cohesion
report
Context
Proportions of
expenditure
Cohesion Policy
• Is 34% of EU budget (€ 336 billion for the
period 2007-2013, at 2004 prices)
• Is about 0.41% of Union GDP (with rural
development and fisheries: 0.46%)
• About 50-50 between current and new
Member States
• More than ¾ of the budget for regions and
Member States lagging behind in
development
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Third
Cohesion
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Categories of expenditure in Structural
Funds
4,3
Breakdown of Structural Fund allocation in Objective 1
regions: all Member States, 2000-2006
Other
2%
Context
Productive
environment
34%
Infrastructure
41%
Human resources
23%
Source: DG REGIO
For 2007-2013 + strengthening administrative capacity
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Observations
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Cohesion
report
Part 1 situation
and trends:
some results
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• Significant convergence of cohesion
countries
• Positive trend in Obj. 1 regions overall
• GDP, employment and productivity growth
above European average
• Modernisation of economic structures and
management methods
• Better governance at regional level
• Greater regional co-operation at European
level
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GDP Growth in Cohesion Countries
GDP per head growth in Spain, Portugal and Greece between 1998 and 2002
compared to average GDP growth in EU15
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Cohesion
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Spain
Portugal
Greece
Cohesion 3
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4,0
4,0
3,0
3,0
2,0
2,0
1,0
1,0
0,0
0,0
-1,0
-1,0
-2,0
-2,0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
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Unemployment rates 1996-2001
Third
Cohesion
report
Part I
Situation and
trends
Unemployment rates in EU15, 1996 and 2002
(% of labour force)
1996 2002
EU15
Cohesion countries
Greece
Spain
Ireland
Portugal
Other Member States
Source: Eurostat, LFS
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10,7 7,8
17,0 9,6
9,7 10,0
22,3 11,4
11,9 4,3
7,4 5,1
9,5
7,5
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Cohesion
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Impact and
added value
of Structural
Policies
European cohesion policy or simple
budgetary transfer?
Proportion of EU transfers to main beneficiaries spent
on imports purchased from other Member States
42,6 %
Greece
35,2 %
Portugal
Ireland
26,7 %
18,9 %
New Länder
17,4 %
Mezzogiorno
Spain
14,7 %
0
12
10
20
30
40
50
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Impact of enlargement
Third
Cohesion
report
Part I
• Population of the Union grows from 380 to
454 million (EU 25) or 485 million (EU 27)
• New MS bring more dynamic growth (4% per
year against 2.5% in EU 15)
• GDP per head drops: -12.5% EU 25; -18%
EU 27 in euros
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Impact of enlargement
Third
Cohesion
report
Part I
• Population in the convergence objective
goes from 84 million to 123 million
• Development gap between regions doubles:
average GDP in Obj. 1 is 69%: new MS 46%
• Employment rate in EU 15 grew from 60% to
64% (1996 – 2002). In NMS 10 it was 56%:
(59% in 1999)
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Regional Policy
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Third
Cohesion
report
Part I
Situation
and trends
GDP per head PPS 2002
200.0
Index, EU25 = 100
180.0
160.0
140.0
120.0
100.0
Average EU25
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
LU IE DK NL AT UK BE FR SE FI DE IT
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Source: Eurostat, National Accounts
ES CY EL PT MT SI CZ
HU SK PL EE LT LV RO BG
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Cohesion
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Part I
Situation and
trends
< 50
50 - 75
75 - 90
90 - 100
100 - 125
>= 125
No data
Index EU 25
= 100
Source: Eurostat
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Regional
GDP 2001
GDP per head
(PPS), 2001
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Employment rate 2002
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Cohesion
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< 56
< 56.0 – 60.2
< 60.2 – 64.4
64.4 – 68.6
>= 68.6
No data
EU-27 = 62.4
Standard deviation = 8.4
Source:
Eurostat and NSI
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% of population between 15-64
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Educational level 2002
% of total population aged 25-64
Third LOW
Cohesion
report
< 19.2
19.2 – 28.0
28.0 – 36.8
36.8 – 45.6
>= 45.6
no
18data
EU-27 = 32.4
Standard deviation
= 17.7
MEDIUM
< 35.05
35.05 – 43.35
43.35 – 51.65
51.65 – 59.95
>= 59.95
no data
EU-27 = 47.5
Standard deviation
= 16.59
HIGH
< 13.65
13.65 – 17.95
17.95 – 22.25
22.25 – 26.55
>= 26.55
no data
EU-27 = 20.01
Standard deviation
= 8.57
Source:
Eurostat (LFS)
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Cohesion
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< 7.45
< 7.45 – 9.55
< 9.55 – 11.65
11.65 – 13.75
>= 13.75
No data
Average = 10.6
Standard
deviation = 4.30
Sources: Eurostat
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Employment
hi-tech 2002
Regional
competitive
factors
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The contribution of national policies
Third
Cohesion
report
• National budgets are 47% of GDP on
average
• The Cohesion budget is 0.43% of GDP
Part II
Different
approaches to
promote growth
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• National budgets give priority to basic
services and income support
• The Structural Funds aim to improve the
factors of regional convergence and support
physical and human investment – about 80%
of the total
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Regional Policy
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Third
Cohesion
report
18/02/2004
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The contribution of other Community
policies
• Aim at specific objectives set out in the treaty
• Do not always have cohesion as an objective
• But there have been improvements
Part III
Need to promote
coherence of
policies
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• A need to strengthen coherence between
these policies and the objective of cohesion,
especially for the new MS.
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The impact of Cohesion policy
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Cohesion
report
• Increase public and private investment in
beneficiary regions (growth)
• Contribute to increasing GDP (convergence)
Part IV
Mobilising
resources to
promote growth
• Create jobs and maximise potential of human
resources
• Increase physical and human capital
• Better regional and local governance
• Financial stability over 7 years
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A new partnership for Cohesion
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Cohesion
report
Reform of the
policy
Conclusions
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1. In respect of the Union's priorities
2. In respect of enlargement and the increased
responsibilities of cohesion policy
3. Covers all States, regions and towns – greater
subsidiarity
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Regional Policy
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Third
Cohesion
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Reform of the
policy
Conclusions
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Priorities of the reform (I)
First objective: Convergence and
competitiveness
•
Regions less than 75% of EU 25 average
GDP/head
•
Statistical effect regions: less than 75% of EU
15 GDP/head but more than 75% of EU 25.
•
States with less than 90% of EU 25 average
GNI/head (Cohesion Fund)
•
Special accessibility programme for OMR
•
Budget: about 78% of the total
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Regional Policy
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Third
Cohesion
report
Priorities of the reform (II)
Second objective: regional
competitiveness and employment
•
Cohesion policy at the service of all other regions in the Union – no
community zoning
Contains two elements:
•
first element: regional competitiveness
-
Reform of the
policy
•
Conclusions
innovation and the knowledge society
accessibility and services of general interest
environment and risk prevention
would include responsibility for cities delegated to the regions (URBAN+), no
community initiative
(Lisbon and Gothenburg strategy)
second element: employment - based on European Employment
Strategy
- adaptability of the workforce,
-
job creation,
accessibility to the labour market for vulnerable persons
Budget: ca 18% of total FS= current objectives 2 and 3
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Cohesion
report
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Priorities of the reform (III)
Third objective: European Territorial cooperation
The success of INTERREG, community added value
Makes possible harmonious and balanced integration
of the whole Union
Border regions, including sea borders
Reform of the •
policy
• Cross border co-operation (MS to propose changes to
the 13 present zones of INTERREG III B)
• Interregional co-operation (also within mainstream)
Conclusions
• External cross-border co-operation – linked to the new
european neighborhood instrument, including multiannual programming and just one financial instrument
Budget: around 4 % of the total
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Implementation system:
evolution not revolution
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Cohesion
report
•
•
Confirmation of the principles which made this policy a
success –multi-annual programming, partnership,
evaluation, co-finance, shared responsibility
Retention of n+2 rule and system of advances
Simplification:
•
More strategic approach:
Reform of the
policy
Conclusions
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reduction in number of financial instruments: 3 not 6 and single
fund programmes only
Clearer division of responsibilities with the sustainable
development policy
Reducing the stages of programming (policy document from each
MS, operational programmes)
Simplification of financial management (priority axes)
Controls: introduction of proportionality, contracts
Political discussion in Council, EP opinion, Commission mandate,
annual report presented to spring Council
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Proposed timetable
Third
Cohesion
report
10 and 11 May 2004: European cohesion forum, Brussels
July 2004: Commission adopts the legislative packet
Next
stages
End 2005: Decision by Council and European Parliament
2006: Preparation of programmes for period 2007-2013
1 Jan 2007: Implementation begins
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