Transcript Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans

European Federation for Transport & Environment
Environmental Objectives
in Transport Planning
by Karsten Krause
14 October 2004
Outline
Environmental-sound Transport Systems
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Sustainable Transport
Indicators,Benchmarks & Objectives
Driving Forces of the Transport Market
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3 Market Model
Driving Forces
Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans
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From TERM Indicators to Transport Targets
Example: Objectives for Air Pollution
Conclusions
www.t-e.nu
About T&E
Members in:
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Austria
Belgium
Czech &
Slovak Rep
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
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Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
UK
About T&E
Spanish Members:
Asociatión para a Defensa
Ecolóxica de Galiza (ADEGA)
Ecologistas en accion
P.T.P. - Associao per la
promocio del transport public
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T&E Priorities
‘True’ Prices
 Climate Change and Energy Use
 Aviation
 Shipping
 Health and Quality of Life
 European Investment
in Transport
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Key Messages...
1.) Traffic Prevention
2.) Modal Shift
3.) Optimisation
 Getting the Prices Right
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Outline
Environmental-sound Transport Systems
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
Sustainable Transport
Indicators, Benchmarks & Objectives
Driving Forces of the Transport Market


3 Market Model
Driving Forces
Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans
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
From TERM Indicators to Transport Targets
Example: Objectives for Air Pollution
Conclusions
www.t-e.nu
www.t-e.nu
Transport Problems
Economic Problems
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Congestion
Fuel Supply
Environmental Problems
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Atmospheric Pollution
Land Fragmentation
Social Problems
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Safety Risks
Health Impact
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A Sustainable Transport System...
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...allows basic access and development needs of
individuals, companies and societies to be met safely and in
a manner consistent with human and ecosystem health, and
promises equity within and between successive generations
...is affordable, operates fairly and efficiently, offers choice of
transport mode, and supports a competitive economy, as
well as balanced regional development
...limits emissions and waste within the planet’s ability to
absorb them, uses renewable resources at or below their
rates of generation, and, uses non-renewable resources at
or below the rates of development of renewable substitutes
while minimising the impact on land and the generation of
noise
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Environmental Indicators & Objectives
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Environmental Indicators & Objectives
Indicator
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Def.: A numerical measure of quality, representing data
that have been collected.
Best known indicator: Human Body Temperature
Direct Environmental Indicators:
CO2 Emission / GDP Unit
Biodiversity / Square Kilometre
Indirect Environmental Indicators:
Cars / Inhabitants
Population Density
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Environmental Indicators & Objectives
Benchmark
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Def.: A measurement or standard that serves as a point
of reference by which process performance is
measured.
Best known benchmark: 37 °C
Benchmarks:
Per Capita Comparison
Historic Comparison
EURO Emission Standards
€ Convergence Criteria
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Environmental Indicators & Objectives
Objective
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Def.: A goal intended to be attained and which is
believed to be attainable. Could be qualitative or
quantitative.
Best known objectives: reduce fever / stay healthy
Environmental Objectives:
EU Air Quality Standards
UNFCCC / Kyoto Commitments
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TERM Indicators
TERM
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Transport and Environment Reporting Mechanism
European Environment Agency / European
Commission
Indicator-based reporting
Initiated in early 1998.
Output:
reports through which the
effectiveness of transport
and environment integration
strategies are monitored.
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TERM Indicators
Groups
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Environmental consequences of transport
Transport demand and intensity
Spatial planning and accessibility
Supply of transport infrastructure and services
Transport costs and prices
Technology and utilisation efficiency
Management integration
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How is the EU doing?
European Environment Agency:
27 indicators on sustainable development:
6 indicators lack sufficient data
8 indicators have not shown progress
13 indicators have become worse !
ZERO indicators show sufficient improvement
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Outline
Environmental-sound Transport Systems


Sustainable Transport
Indicators,Benchmarks & Objectives
Driving Forces of the Transport Market
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
3 Market Model
Driving Forces
Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans
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From TERM Indicators to Transport Targets
Example: Atmospheric Pollutants from Road Transport
Conclusions
www.t-e.nu
Transport Market
Movement Market
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Activities in the Society
Spatial Structure
Transport Market
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Movement Patterns
Transport Means & Services
Traffic Market
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Transport Streams
Infrastructure
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Outline
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Outline
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Transport Market Outcomes
Economic
Outcomes
Environmental Social
Outcomes
Outcomes
Accessibility
Transport
operation cost
Productivity /
Efficiency
Costs to
economy
Benefits to
Economy
Ressource use
Direct Ecological
intrusion
Emissions to air
Emissions to soil
and water
Noise
Waste
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Accessibility and
affordability
Safety and
security
Fitness & health
Liveability
Equity
Working
conditions in
transport sector
Outline
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Outline
www.t-e.nu
Outline
Environmental-sound Transport Systems


Sustainable Transport
Indicators,Benchmarks & Objectives
Driving Forces of the Transport Market


3 Market Model
Driving Forces
Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans


From TERM Indicators to Transport Targets
Example: Objectives for Air Pollution
Conclusions
www.t-e.nu
Environmental Objectives
Planning Process
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Cost-/Benefit Analysis
Strategic Environmental Assessemt (SEA)
Environmental Minimum Standards
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Respecting Existing Environmental Legislation
Positive Contribution to Policy
EU / National Commitments
Environmental Objectives
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Reducing Transport Demand
Modal Shift
Reducing Environmental Impact
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TERM Indicators
Groups
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Environmental consequences of transport
Transport demand and intensity
Spatial planning and accessibility
Supply of transport infrastructure and services
Transport costs and prices
Technology and utilisation efficiency
Management integration
www.t-e.nu
TERM01: Environmental consequences of transport
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T01 Transport final energy consumption by mode
T02 Transport emissions of greenhouse gases by mode
T03 Transport emissions of air pollutants by mode
T04 Exceedance of air quality objectives (due to traffic)
T05 Exposure to and annoyance by traffic noise
T06 Fragmentation of ecosystems and habitats
T07 Proximity of infrastructure to designated areas
T08 Land take by transport infrastructure
T09 Number of transport accidents, fatalities and injured
T10 Accidental oil spills, illegal discharges from marine shipping
T11 Generation of waste
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TERM02: Transport demand and intensity
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T12 Passenger transport demand by mode and purpose
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T13 Freight transport demand by mode and group of goods
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TERM03: Spatial planning and accessibility
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T14 Access to basic services
(average passenger journey time and length per mode,
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T15 Regional accessibility of markets and cohesion
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T16 Access to transport services
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TERM04: Supply of transport infrastructure and services
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T18 Capacity of transport infrastructure networks
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T19 Investments in transport infrastructure
(per capita and by mode)
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TERM05: Transport costs and prices
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T20 Transport prices
(real change in passenger and freight transport price by mode)
T21 Fuel prices and taxes
T22 Transport taxes and charges
T23 Subsidies
T24 Expenditure on personal mobility by income group
T25 External costs of transport
T26 Internalisation of external costs
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TERM06: Technology and utilisation efficiency
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T27 Overall energy efficiency and specific CO2 emissions
(per passenger-km and per tonne-km and by mode)
T28 Emissions per passenger-km and per tonne-km
(NOx ,NMVOCs,PM 10 ,SOx by mode)
T29 Occupancy rates of passenger vehicles
T30 Load factors for freight transport
T31 Uptake of cleaner and alternative fuels
T32 Size and composition of the vehicle fleet
T33 Average age of the vehicle fleet
T34 Proportion of vehicle fleet meeting certain emission
standards (by mode)
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TERM07: Management Integration
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T35 Number of Member States that implement an
integrated strategy
T36 Institutional cooperation in transport and environment
T37 Number of Member States with a national transport and
environment monitoring system
T38 Uptake of strategic environmental assessment in the
transport sector
T40 Public awareness and behaviour
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Strategic Environment Assessment
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Strategic Environment Assessment (1/2)
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SEA, a holistic approach that considers the projected
environmental impacts over time of multiple actions
within a region or ecosystem.
SEA provides decision-makers with information,
strategies and actual and projected information
on environmental
effects.
SEA enable policy makers to
anticipate effects on species,
habitats and ecological
processes that site-specific
studies do not capture.
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Strategic Environment Assessment (2/2)
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SEA assessment elements:
Habitat mapping
Risk analysis
Sensitivity mapping
Cost- /Benefit Ratios
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Air Quality in London
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Air Quality in London
Road
Transport
Road
Transport
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Air Quality and Road Transport
Options to achieve better air quality
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Restrict access to sensitive areas
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Price incentives
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Stricter emission standards
www.t-e.nu
Outline
Environmental-sound Transport Systems


Sustainable Transport
Indicators,Benchmarks & Objectives
Driving Forces of the Transport Market


3 Market Model
Driving Forces
Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans


From TERM Indicators to Transport Targets
Example: Objectives for Air Pollution
Conclusions
www.t-e.nu
Conclusions
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Sustainability Perspective on the Transport Plan
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Integration of Stakeholders
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True Prices for all Transport Users
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European Federation for Transport & Environment
Thank you
Further Information
www.eea.eu.int
www.summa-eu.org
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European Federation for Transport & Environment
www.t-e.nu
T&E is Europe’s primary NGO campaigning on a
Europe wide level for an environmentally
responsible approach to transport. [email protected]
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