Transcript Innovation - Knowledge

MANAGEMENT & INNOVATION:
NATIONAL SYSTEMS OF
INNOVATION: ITALY
Arnaud COUESNON
Richard KILLIAM
Martin LUIDJI
GM&EB: 2008-2009
CONTEXT IN ITALY
About Italy (1)
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Population of 59 Million people
Member of Europe since the beginning – Currency: €
The world’s sixth largest economy
About Italy (2)
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Very Catholic country – strange relationship with science
Lack of investment in Education. 5.5% of Italian students
graduate with degrees in science or engineering
Italy’s greatest weaknesses in innovation are
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government investments in R&D,
education and skill levels,
high technology patents
innovation financing
Italy’s problems
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Italy’s share in world trade has declined.
Still a low productivity growth.
Widening gap in GDP per capita with the best OECD
performers.
Weak investment in R&D may reflect the specialisation of firms
in traditional sectors and the prevalence of small family
businesses.
Possible solutions
Restoring economic dynamism will require
addressing various challenges:
 _ Improving the environment for innovation is a
crucial part of the solution.
 _ The key policy challenges for the immediate
future concern human capital and innovation by
firms.
Approved technological districts
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Campania : Polymer and composite materials
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Emilia-Romagna : Advanced mechanics
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Friuli-Venezia-Giulia : Molecular biomedicine
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Lazio : Aerospace
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Liguria : Robotics and intelligent systems
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Lombardia : Biotechnologies
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Piemonte : Wireless technologies
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Sicilia : Micro and nano -systems
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Veneto : Nanotechnologies
INNOVATION IN ITALY
R&D in Italy
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Spending on R&D is below the OECD and EU
average
In 2005, R&D intensity (gross domestic expenditure
on R&D [GERD] as a percentage of GDP) was
1.1%, compared (2.25% for the OECD area and
over 1.7% for the EU).
The private sector financed only 40% of R&D and
performed 50% (compared to OECD averages of
63 and 68%, respectively).
National innovative capacity index
and subindexes
Indicateurs de l'effort de recherche
des principaux pays de l'OCDE
Comparaison internationale de la
DIRD en 2005
Taux de croissance de la DIRD dans la zone
OCDE, dans la Fédération de Russie et en
Chine
THE ITALIAN GOVERNANCE
INNOVATION SYSTEM
Staff devoted to S&T
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At national level :
 Ministry
of Economy and finance
 MIUR
 Ministry
of Productive Activities
 Ministry of innovation and technology
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At Regional Level
 Regional
R&D and Innovation department
 Regional innovation agencies
Share of public financing
Industries
45%
Government
55%
2002 GOVERNMENT RESEARCH AND
TECHNOLOGY BUDGET : 3.812 B€
Main actors of the Research
Funding in Million €
3000
2493
2500
2000
1500
1000
522
500
450
130
217
Min. for Defense
Other ministry
0
Miur
Min. for Health
Min. for
Production
Activities
Source: CNR – CERIS Istituto di Ricerca sull’Impresa e lo Sviluppo – Via dei Taurini, 19 ROMA
Start-ups
High Investment
Low Investment
Future trajectories
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Refocusing R&D in order to make it demand-driven and client oriented.
A further reform of the existing policy instruments mix in favor of R&D; To
render the policy making process more effective towards for real growth of
the Italian economic environment
A more selective and rewarding model to allow high-quality projects
financing
Innovation incentive schemes promoted by government media organizations
should be advertised more widely (ex : www.governo.it)
An Innovation coordination entity (MIUR-MAP) should improve its role from
direct research funding to facilitator of R&D in a more generic sense
Human resource measures should focus more on “capacity-building” rather
than “training” in the traditional sense.
More balanced and tailor-made policy making process at local level from the
Central State to the Regional Policy entities
EXAMPLES OF THE MOST
INNOVATIVE COMPANIES IN
ITALY
Fiat Group’s Innovation & Technology
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R&D’s investment: 1.6 billion euros, or around 3.2% of
net revenues of Industrial Activities
Fiat has been « innovative from the beginning »:
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FIRE (Fully Integrated Robotized Engine), Common Rail
injection diesel powerplants, Multijet, TetraFuel system, and
more.
Now, Fiat Group’s Innovation and Technology is:
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Centro Ricerche Fiat & Elasis divisions.
Fiat Group – Centro Ricerche Fiat
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Group’s « major source of expertise in innovation »
42 new patent applications in 2007
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Total patents 2,200, 700 pending.
Activities:
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Powertrain Research and Development
Advanced Technology for Mobility and Safety (GPS-type
technologies, inter-vehicle communication)
Vehicles & Advanced Manufacturing and Materials (body architecture
innovations)
Cooperation with regional institutions.
Fiat Powertrain Technologies
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Fiat Powertrain Technologies constructs engines for cars and for other uses;
gasoline, diesel, and a focus on alternative energies.
« annual output of around 3.1 million engines and 2.5 million gear boxes
and axels »
Fiat Powertrain « will invest $32 million to build its first Chinese research
and development center » in Shanghai.
Powertrain already has 12 R&D centers throughout the world.
« anti-pollution energies » a priority
Fiat also investing in bigger R&D centres for India
Fiat Group - Elasis
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Highly specialized research « in the framework of
development programs for Southern Italy »
Pomigliano d’Arco and Lecce (both in Southern
Italy), 800 employees
Cooperation with universities, chambers of
commerce. See map of technological regions
above—Fiat spreads its R&D over the country’s
regions rather than concentrating it.
Fiat Group - Elasis
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Innovative methodologies: More academic,
computer-oriented in nature.
 Product
modelling, virtual simulation of performance,
ergonomics analysis.
 Vehicle research: development of new cars.
 Electronics systems research/
 ‘Fire engines’
Finmeccanica
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Finmeccanica S.p.A. is an Italian conglomerate, 30,2% statefinanced
Finmeccanica is the second largest industrial group and the
largest of the hi-tech industrial groups based in Italy. It works in
the fields of defense, aerospace, security, automation, transport
and energy.
The company has offices in over 100 countries.
Finmeccanica
Innovation (1)
Last year:
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The Group invested 1.6 billion Euros in R&D, equaling 16% of its revenue.
It boasts 9,100 employees working on design and engineering and 3,100 skilled
staff involved in Research and Development.
Finmeccanica actively cooperates with 19 Italian research institutes, 29 foreign research
institutes and universities, 41 Italian universities as well as national and international
institutions.
Finmeccanica
Innovation (2)
A fundamental element in fostering innovation routes is provided by the Mindsh@re project: a process to
enhance common technological capital, designed with the aim of connecting people in a knowledge network
which multiplies the possibility of generating new ideas, products and talents, and is the engine for a real
innovation of value through "technological communities", a transversal organisational model focusing and
sharing research on subjects considered to be of top industrial priority.
The Group also dedicates considerable energy to intelligence activities which encourage innovation, fuelled by
continuous attention to markets, with a view to developing a network that involves clients and partners in order to
effectively manage the value chain.
The awarding of the Best Innovator 2005 prize by the research company AT Kerney and the importance
acquired by Premio Innovazione (Innovation Award), combining ideas from each company of the Group, in its
three years since inception, clearly confirm the absolute importance of a cultural element that is inborn in
Finmeccanica and in its industrial essence.
Eni history
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The history of Eni is a long one and is closely related to the
development of Italy.
The board of Eni manages a company operating in around 70
countries, with more than 75,000 employees.
Eni is an integrated energy company, committed to growth
through the exploration, production, transport, transformation
& marketing of oil ans natural gas.
R&D in Eni (1)
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Eni operates in competitive sectors and manages businesses
based on a range of technological platforms. But generating
innovation, also means conducting research, development and
demonstration activities in line with the company's corporate
strategies and technological plans.
With longer-term objectives, the company also carries out
research for the development of radical innovation in the
field of hydrocarbons, alternative energy and the
environment.
R&D in Eni (2)
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In this context, Eni's research staff is actively engaged at an
international level at leading laboratories and are involved in
projects with a high level of innovation and potential
applicability.
Intellectual resources, instruments and avant-garde structures
generate, and transfer to an industrial scale, the results of
innovation for the generation of maximum value.
Main technological areas of
Eni's research activities
- Upstream Oil & Gas
- Midstream Oil & Gas
- Downstream Gas
- Downstream oil: processes
- Downstream oil: products
- Power generation and renewables
- Environmental sustainability and carbon management
Sources
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http://www.oecd.org/
Ranking National Innovative Capacity: Findings from the National Innovative Capacity Index, MICHAEL E. PORTER,
Harvard University, SCOTT STERN, Northwestern University and National Bureau of Economic Research
Economic reform in Italy: how to make it work?, Linda Lanzillotta, Minister for Regional Affairs and Local Communities,
Centre for European Reform, London, Tuesday, 13th March 2007
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Recherche et développement ] Repères et références statistiques - édition 2008 ]
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http://www.finmeccanica.it/Holding/EN//index.sdo
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http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=123820, www.fptpowertrain.com
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www.Fiatgroup.Com
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www.eni.it
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www.lesechos.fr/