Transcript “international trade”.

Topic:
Essence, importance and
development of the
international trade
THE Contents of lecture
Contents and essence of the
international trade in
present time.
The object, tasks and goals
of subject – “Basis of the
international trade”.
object, tasks and goal
of subject - "international trade".
ESSENCE of international TRADE
voluntary exchange of goods and services
between one person or organization and another
the trade relations of one country
with other countries consisting of export and
import of the goods and services
set of
the foreign trade relations between all
countries of the world
The international trade basically consists of:
export
•and
import
•operations
operations
The term international trade for the first
time was used in XII century by the Italian
scientist Antonio Margaretty, author of the
economic treatise "Authority of national
weights in North of Italy “
The international trade has arisen during
origin of the world market in XVI-XVIII
centuries. Its development - one of the
important factors of development of global
economy of New time.
For any country the meaning of
foreign trade is difficult for
overestimating.
The
economic
success of any country of the world
strongly depends on foreign trade.
Some more any country did not
manage to create healthy economy,
having isolated from global economic
system
The rapid growth of world
trade over the last century
reflects, at least in part, the fact
that nations have become more
interrelated as they have
attempted to gain the benefits of
free trade.
Table 1 compares the relative growth of
world trade and world output from 1870 to
the present day. (average annual % change)
It shows that the growth rate of world
merchandise trade has exceeded the growth
of world GDP in four of the five periods.
The only exception to this
pattern occurred in the period
1913 to 1950 when two world
wars and a major world
depression resulted in the
widespread
adoption
of
protectionist trade policies.
Types of trade flow
A distinction is frequently made
between
inter- and
intra-industry trade.
Inter - industry trade refers to
situations where a country
exports products that are
fundamentally different in type
from those that it imports.
The UK exporting computer software to Switzerland but
importing precision watches from Switzerland would be an
example of inter-industry trade between two countries.
Intra - industry trade refers to
situations where a country exports
certain items from a given product
range while at the same time
importing other items from the same
product range.
The UK exporting certain types of car
to Germany but importing other types of
car from Germany would be an example
of intra-industry trade.
Over half of world trade today is intra-industry trade, which
consists of final goods, inter-mediate goods and primary goods
(raw materials, etc.), as can be seen in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Intra-industry trade has risen for primary,
intermediate and final goods
Source: World Development Report (World Bank 2009), p. 20.
2. The object, tasks and goals of subject “international trade”.
International trade is the basic discipline for a major "World
economy" and has for an object:
 to prepare the experts in sphere of the international trade
 to give them understanding of the modern and classical theories of
international trade, tariff and not tariff tools of realization of trade
policy
 understanding the basic issues of organizing of the trade
operations in global market.
The study of a subject bases on knowledge of
the following subjects:
• The Economics, World economy, International economic relations,
Basis of business, Economic geography, Economy of the enterprise.
After passage of a rate the students will be:
•- To know the conceptual device of discipline
and parity of separate categories describing
international trade; the basic parameters
expressing a condition and dynamics of
development of international trade.
•- To be able messages the international
trade negotiation, to estimate influence
of various parameters of the global
markets on international trade, to
choose a way and to prove expediency
of an exit on the foreign markets.
- To solve problems of insurance and
transport maintenance of trade
operations at a global level.
Literature:
• Ҳабибов С.Ҳ., Ҷамшедов М.Ҷ. Тиҷорати байналмилалӣ: Китоби
дарсӣ барои мактабҳои олии иқтисодӣ. – Душанбе: «Ирфон»,
2007.
• Гриффин Р., Пастей М. Международный бизнес. 4-е изд. / Пер. с
англ. под ред. А.Г. Медведева. – СПб.: Питер, 2006.