Transcript Document

Regional analysis in the context of the
European Union.
Statistics, tools and applications
Alessandro Daraio
Guglielmo Wolleb
European Union policies and projects
International Business and Development Degree Course
University of Parma
a.y. 2013/2014
Outline
Part One
An introduction to territorial analysis
About Eurostat
Overview of “Regions and cities” Eurostat dataset
Exploration and exploitation of Eurostat dataset
Part Two
Putting regional analysis into practice: an
application to Emilia-Romagna region
An introduction to territorial analysis
A double role for statistics in contemporary
society:
1. Decision-makers in government and in business
need statistics to make decisions
2. The public and media need statistics for an
accurate picture of contemporary society and to
evaluate the performance of politicians and other
institutions and decision-makers
The use of statistics for socio-economic analysis
is one of the pre-requisite for the elaboration of
a development strategy based on scientific
foundations
An introduction to territorial analysis
To define the correct scale upon which to “read”
economic-territorial systems is a tricky issue
The macro-level approach allows to consider system
dimensions and interrelations which impact territories, but
suppresses detail information (i.e. local, sectoral, etc.)
The micro-economic approach proves useful for analysing
single cases in depth, thus entailing the risk of concentrating
attention on individual cases and losing the overarching
view of the phenomena
Both macro-economic and micro-economic viewpoints
cannot fulfill the informative needs of a territorial analysis
with a policy orientation. An intermediate scale approach is
necessary to simplify data, enable their actual use and, at
the same time, cleverly manage information consistently
with actual policy needs
An introduction to territorial analysis
The quantitative territorial analysis process normally
consists of one or more of the following approaches:
A descriptive analysis in a regional context
A comparative analysis –consisting of comparison of
relevant development indicators upon a benchmark
territorial scale (national, European, etc.)- in order to
identify critical issues indicating their extent and context
An impact analysis, and namely:
an ex ante analysis involving the assessment of foreseeable and
expected consequences of a change in one or more exogenous
stimuli which will influence the elements characterising a region
an ex post assessment of the consequences of an intervention
effected in the past
An introduction to territorial analysis
For the most part, regional socioeconomic analysis
relies on the use of secondary data already collected,
organized, and disseminated by other organizations
To fill gaps in knowledge not addressed by secondary
data, data analysis can be aided to some extent by
primary data collection, through tools such as surveys
and interviews. Other qualitative tools, i.e. literature
review, may be useful to guide the analysis
The efficacy of the analysis depends on 1) the depth,
quality and accessibility of secondary data and 2) the
analyst’s awareness of data sources and methods for
exploring and exploiting those data
About Eurostat
Eurostat is the statistical office of the European Union, situated
in Luxembourg. Its mission is to provide the European Union
with high-quality statistics at European level enabling
comparisons between countries and regions.
Eurostat was established in 1953 to meet the requirements of
the Coal and Steel Community. Over the years its task has
broadened and in 1958 it became a Directorate-General (DG) of
the European Commission, with the key role to supply statistics
to other DGs and supply the Commission and other European
Institutions with data.
Eurostat’s role has changed along with the development of
Community policies, with increasing importance on collecting
data for EMU and developing statistical systems in candidate
countries for EU membership.
About Eurostat
European statistics are developed, produced, and disseminated
on the basis of uniform standards and harmonised methods.
Traditionally, the National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) of the
Member States collect and produce harmonised data that are
compiled by Eurostat to construct statistics at EU level. Initially it
happened on a voluntary agreements base, but there has been
a continuous drive to base the collection of statistics on
legislation.
The new Regulation on statistics introduced the European
Statistical System (ESS) in order to improve efficiency through
a systematic collaboration between NSIs and Eurostat
a move towards the so-called data warehouse approach
the combination of survey data with administrative data
the European approach to statistics (EU sampling)
“Regions and cities” Eurostat
dataset
One section in public Eurostat dataset which
provides a single access point to Eurostat's subnational statistics
Data at geographical level NUTS2 or NUTS3
Data organized in 13 data collections
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
European Commission > Eurostat > Statistics >
Statistics by theme > Regions and cities > Data
Main tables
Database
“Regions and cities” Eurostat
dataset
Database
Building and downloading tables of data
To calculate regional demographic growth 2000-2012
To calculate labour dependency ratio in 2012 and compare
with the level in 2000
Main tables
Exploiting Graph and Map tools
To compare regional demographic density in EU in 2011
Publications
European Regional and Urban Statistics. Reference Guide
Eurostat regional yearbook 2013
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
“Regions and cities” Eurostat
dataset
Database
To calculate labour dependency ratio in 2012
Age group
Age group 1
Age group 2
Age group 3
…
Age group N
E-R
North East
Italy
EU27
Complementary sources
Eurostat city statistics – Urban Audit
ESPON, the European Observation Network for
Territorial Development and Cohesion
European Commission sectoral report and
studies
OECD databases and studies
Regional statistics portal and eXplorer tool
Territorial reviews
Further exercises
To calculate the level of labour productivity in a
given region (last year available) and its medium
term growth rate
Gross value added / persons employed
To calculate the index of specialization of the
manufacturing sector of a given region with
respect to the country and European structure
Share of manufacturing sub-categories total
employment in the region / share of the same
sub-categories in the benchmark economy
Putting regional analysis into practice: an
application to Emilia-Romagna region
Confusing figures
How Emilia-Romagna labour market is performing
compared to other regions?
1. Very bad: between 2000 and 2010 the unemployment rate in
Emilia-Romagna has grown 4 times more than the European
one
2. Extremely bad: between 2000 and 2010 the unemployment
rate in Emilia-Romagna has grown by 42.5% while in Italy it has
decreased by 20.75%
3. Very good: employment rate in Emilia-Romagna has grown 3.6
times more than the European one between 2000 and 2010
4. Good: Employment rate in Emilia-Romagna is 3.4% higher than
the European Union average rate in 2010
5. Very bad: between 2003 and 2010 the employment rate in
Emilia-Romagna has fallen by 1.32% while in the European
Union (on average) has grown by 2.40%
Confusing figures
Playing with statistics
To choose the right indicator
To choose between levels and trend information
To choose the most appropriate (territorial) benchmark
To choose the correct year for time comparisons
Emilia-Romagna: preliminary
picture
About 7% of the Italian
total area and
population (7° among
Italian regions)
8.8% of national GDP
and 8.4 of total
employment
GDP per capita is 127%
of the EU27 average (in
the top 40 regions rank)
Demographic dimension
QUESTION TO BE ADDRESSED
INDICATORS
AVAIL.
Is the region an high density populated
Population per square kilometer
region or a scarcely populated one?
Rate of growth of population
Is E-R a region with a growing
population?
Birth and mortality rates; natural change
rate of population
Demographic projections
Is regional population aging?
M
Age composition of population
Dependency ratio
Rate of net migration
Is E-R a region with significant
migration flows?
Share of non citizens on regional
population
Population aged 15-64 born outside the
EU (%)
M
Selected demographic indicators
Year
E-R
North East
Italy
EU27
Total
population
2011
4.459.148
11.697.477
60.820.696
503.663.601
Population
density
2010
198,10
187,30
201,50
116,92
Average
growth rate
20002012
1,00
0,85
0,53
0,34
Average
growth rate
20062012
0,93
0,74
0,50
0,30
114
112
110
108
106
104
102
100
1999
demo_r_d2jan; demo_r_d3dens
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Selected demographic indicators
Year
EmiliaRomagna
North East
Italy
EU27
Birth rate (‰)
2011
9,10
9,10
9,00
10,70
Mortality rate (‰)
2011
10,70
9,90
9,80
9,70
Rate of natural
change of population
(‰)
2011
-1,60
-0,80
-0,80
1,00
Rate of net migration
(‰)
2011
7,60
5,40
4,00
1,80
Rate of total
population change
(‰)
2011
6,00
4,70
3,20
2,80
demo_r_gind3; demo_gind
Selected demographic indicators
Year
EmiliaRomagna
North East
Italy
EU27
Total
dependency
ratio
2012
0,56
0,55
0,53
0,50
Young
dependency
ratio
2012
0,21
0,21
0,21
0,23
Old-age
dependency
ratio
2012
0,35
0,33
0,32
0,27
demo_r_d2jan or demo_r_pjanaggr3; demo_pjangroup
Selected demographic indicators
Share of total population by age group - 2012
Age group
E-R
North
East
0 to 9 years
9,19%
9,38%
9,35%
10,42%
-1,23%
10 to 19 years
8,25%
8,85%
9,45%
10,66%
-2,42%
20 to 29 years
9,39%
9,77%
10,80%
12,75%
-3,36%
30 to 39 years
14,62%
14,33%
14,22%
13,92%
0,71%
40 to 49 years
16,57%
16,75%
16,13%
14,89%
1,68%
50 to 59 years
13,26%
13,34%
13,21%
13,48%
-0,22%
60 to 69 years
11,55%
11,57%
11,40%
10,92%
0,64%
70 to 79 years
9,97%
9,49%
9,31%
8,03%
1,95%
80 years or over
7,19%
6,52%
6,12%
4,94%
2,25%
demo_r_d2jan; demo_pjangroup
Italy
EU27
Diff.
ER-EU27
The demographic pyramid
106
101
European Union 2012
Italy 2012
E-R 2012
M - Males
106
F - Females
101
96
111
M - Males
F - Females
106
101
96
96
91
91
91
86
86
86
81
81
81
76
76
76
71
71
71
66
66
66
61
61
61
56
56
56
51
51
51
46
46
41
41
36
36
31
31
26
26
21
21
16
16
11
11
6
6
1
1
demo_r_d2jan; demo_pjan
46
41
36
31
26
21
16
11
6
1
M - Males
F - Females
Demographic attractiveness
(internal migration)
VAR/TIME
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Arrivals
43.829
40073.
39.933
37.555
40.782
40.327
Departures
20.456
19.254
21.919
21.720
23.490
23.209
2,14
2,08
1,82
1,73
1,74
1,74
pa
ni
a
Internal migration ratio
ilia
-S
ic
-P
IT
G
1
F4
5.000
IT
IT
C4
6.000
ug
lia
-L
om
ba
rd
ia
7.000
IT
F3
-C
am
8.000
E4
C2
D1
IT
D2
IT
migr_r_2arr; migr_r_2dep; migr_r_2it
IT
0
IT
1.000
IT
2.000
D3
IT
F6
-C
3.000
-V
en
et
o
-L
IT
az
E1
io
-T
IT
o
sc
C1
an
-P
a
i
em
IT
E3
o
- M nte
IT
ar
G
ch
2
-S
e
a
IT
rd
F1
eg
-A
na
b
IT
r
uz
C3
zo
-L
IT
i
gu
F5
r ia
-B
as
IT
ilic
D4
at
a
IT
Fr
E2
iu
- U li
m
br
ia
IT
F2
al
ab
r ia
4.000
Partial conclusions - Demography
Stable amount of population between 1990 and 2000; in the next
decade population grew by 6% due to the strengthening of
migration flows which overcame the negative trend of the natural
rate
In comparative terms, the population growth over the past
decade was higher than in the rest of Italy and Europe. The rate
of migration is also higher than in the rest of the country.
The age composition of population stands out relatively to the EU
for a lower share of young people and for a higher share of aged
people (also confirmed by the dependency ratio). But it is also
characterized by a higher share of people in central age, probably
as a result of immigration flows.
Looking at the internal flows of migration, Emilia-Romagna
attracts people from all Italian regions. The bulk of immigration
comes from the South -Campania, Puglia, Sicily- but also from
Lombardia
Partial conclusions - Demography
As for the future, the issues at stake are:
a low potential increase of population. Indeed, given the negative
natural rate, it depends essentially on immigration flows
the ageing of population, which put pressure on the welfare
system, may have a negative impact on the propensity to change
and innovate, reduces the ratio between working and not
working people
the impact of a rising share of foreign people. Immigration flows
may have beneficial effects in terms of growth and of composition
of population -and also in terms of cultural diversity- but pose
serious problems of integration with the local communities
the loss of population in mountain areas, with negative
consequences on the living conditions of population of these
areas, on the conservation of cultural heritage and identity of
local communities, and on environment and landscape
The macroeconomic frame
QUESTION TO BE ADDRESSED
INDICATORS
Rate of growth over five or ten years
Is E-R a high growing region?
Real growth rate of regional GDP at market
prices
Is the regional level of productivity
relatively high?
Growth and level of GDP per employee
GDP per capita relatively to national level in
Is E-R a laggard region relatively to the different years
belonging country?
Is E-R a region with strong internal
disparities?
Internal disparities at sub-regional level
Distribution of Provinces by per capita GDP
and growth rate
AVAIL.
GDP at current market prices –
Millions of PPS
GEO/TIME
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
113.263
114.980
116.363
127.590
137.391
131.660
ITD - NorthEast
288.872
293.336
302.496
328.803
354.089
340.399
IT - Italy
1.267.575
1.309.366
1.343.436
1.451.259
1.553.327
1.495.593
EU15
8.290.914
8.922.353
9.455.243
10.370.72
1
10.951.40
8
-
EU27
9.193.424
9.934.665
10.598.45
5
11.680.57
2
12.472.62
8
12.279.58
9
145
ITD5 - Emilia-Romagna
ITD - Nord-Est
IT - Italy
EU15
EU27
135
125
115
105
95
2001
nama_r_e3gdp; nama_gdp_c
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
GDP at current market prices PPS per inhabitant
GEO/TIME
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
28.600
28.700
28.300
30.300
31.900
29.800
ITD - North-East
27.300
27.400
27.600
29.500
31.000
29.300
IT - Italy
22.300
22.900
23.100
24.600
26.000
24.700
EU15
21.900
23.400
24.500
26.500
27.700
-
EU27
19.100
20.500
21.700
23.700
25.100
24.500
160
140
120
100
ITD5 - Emilia-Romagna
ITD - Nord-Est
IT - Italy
EU15
EU27
80
1998
nama_r_e3gdp; nama_gdp_c
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Real growth rate of regional GDP at
market prices
7
5
3
1
2000
-1
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
-3
-5
ITD5 - Emilia-Romagna
ITD - Nord-Est
IT - Italy
EU15
EU27
-7
GEO/TIME
00-07
00-10
ITD5 - Emilia-Romagna
8,3
1,75
ITD - North-East
8,8
2,93
IT - Italy
9,3
3,81
nama_r_e2grgdp; tsieb020
GEO/TIME
00-07
00-10
EU15
15,4
10,7
EU27
17,5
15,46
GDP and main components at current
market prices – Levels and growth rate
GDP and main components at constant
market prices – Levels and growth rate
Gross labour productivity (1.000
PPS GDP per employed person)
65
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
60
55
IT - Italy
ITD - Nord-Est
50
EU27 - European
Union
EU15 - European
Union OMS
45
40
35
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
In 2010 the level of productivity in E-R was 1.56% lower than in 2007. A
decrease was registered also in Nord-Est and Italy
nama_r_e3gdp; nama_gdp_c; sbs_r_nuts06_r2; nama_nace06_e
2007
Exports, imports and trade balance
Distribution of Provinces (NUTS 3) by per
capita GDP
GEO/TIME
1998
2003
2008
Var. rate
98-08
ITD51 - Piacenza
24.300
25.400
29.900
23,0
ITD52 - Parma
27.800
29.500
31.700
14,0
ITD53 - Reggio Emilia
27.700
29.100
31.000
11,9
ITD54 - Modena
28.000
29.800
34.400
22,9
ITD55 - Bologna
28.300
31.900
34.300
21,2
ITD56 - Ferrara
21.200
23.400
27.400
29,2
ITD57 - Ravenna
22.500
26.500
29.600
31,6
ITD58 - Forlì-Cesena
24.200
26.500
31.700
31,0
ITD59 - Rimini
21.200
25.000
30.600
44,3
Emilia-Romagna
25.022
27.456
31.178
24,6
1998
2003
2008
Min
21.200
23.400
27.400
Max
28.300
31.900
34.400
Range
7.100
8.500
7.000
Standard deviation
2.985
2.754
2.220
IND/TIME
Update for RER not
possible
nama_r_e3gdp
Distribution of Provinces by per
capita GDP in 1998 and growth rate
T. var.
1998-2008
50
45
ITD59 - Rimini
40
35
ITD57 - Ravenna
ITD56 - Ferrara
ITD58 - Forlì-Cesena
30
GDP per capita 1998
20000
21000
22000
23000
24000
25
25000
ITD51 - Piacenza
26000
27000
28000
29000
ITD54 - Modena
30000
ITD55 - Bologna
20
15
ITD52 - Parma
ITD53 - Reggio nell'Emilia
10
The macroeconomic frame
QUESTION TO BE ADDRESSED
Is E-R a high growing region?
STATISTICAL EVIDENCE
No, real growth rate is in line with Italy but one half
of the EU average
Higher fluctuation relatively to EU, but generalised
underperformance (except for year 2000 and 2006)
Is the regional level of productivity
relatively high?
Yes, it is. But the positive gap with EU level has
shrunk in the decade
Not at all. GDP per capita is higher than any
benchmark (but on a convergence path with EU
Is E-R a laggard region relatively to the average)
belonging country?
Is E-R a region with strong internal
disparities?
Moderate disparities at NUTS3 level (but possibly
higher within them)
Convergence process during the decade with the
exception of Piacenza
Partial conclusions –
Macroeconomic profile
Emilia Romagna is a wealthy region in Europe and in Italy, but it is
also a slow growing region which is loosing ground compared to
the rest of Europe. This trend has led to a strong reduction of the
positive gap in GDP per capita: in 1998 the Emilia Romagna GDP
per capita was 32% higher than the EU15 and 52% higher than
the EU27; this gap narrowed respectively to 15% and 27% ten
years later
At the beginning of the decade the region emerged as a high
productivity region by European standards. Since then the rate of
productivity growth has been low and the gap with other
Europeans regions has reduced or disappeared
There are significant disparities in terms of GDP per capita among
the various provinces. The difference between the provinces with
the highest and the lowest GDP per capita is 25%, but during the
last decade there has been a trend towards convergence
Partial conclusions –
Macroeconomic profile
Emilia Romagna region is a very open economy. The degree of
internalization is very high compared to national and European
standards alike. Exports play a driving role in the overall economy
and the trade balance is structurally in surplus
Partial conclusions –
Macroeconomic profile
The main issues at stake are:
the slow rate of growth of GDP and of productivity in the last
decade. These trends may in the long run decrease the
standard of public services and, more generally, the quality
of life of population and are a signal of weakening
competitiveness of the region in the world economy
The capacity of exports to remain competitive in the world
markets
the ability to absorb, integrate and enhance the growing
population of foreign workers
Labour market
QUESTION TO BE ADDRESSED
Is E-R a region with high levels of activity?
Is the regional economic system able to give
employment to local workers?
INDICATORS
Absolute values of labour force
Rate of activity
Absolute values of employment
Employment rate
Is E-R a region with high levels of
unemployment?
Absolute values of unemployment
Are there strong inequalities in the labour
market between men and women?
Rate of employment by sex
Does unemployment hit particularly young
people?
Unemployment rate
Rate of unemployment by sex
Young unemployment rate
How important is structural unemployment? Rate of long term unemployment
AVAIL.
Labour market - Selected indicators
2012
E-R
North
East
Italy
EU27
Total labour forces (1.000 pers)
2.074
5.348
25.217
233.372
Economic activity rates 15-64 - Total
72,83
70,94
63,67
71,73
Activity rate - Males
79,10
78,92
73,94
77,93
Activity rate - Females
66,58
62,90
53,49
65,55
IND/GEO
77
EU15 - European
Union OMS
72
EU27 - European
Union
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
ITD - Nord-Est
67
NMS10 - New
Member States (10
countries)
62
IT - Italy
57
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
lfst_r_lfp2actrt; lfsi_act_a; lfst_r_lfp2act
Labour market - Selected indicators
2012
E-R
North
East
Italy
EU27
Total employment 15-64 (1.000 pers)
1.925
4.987
22.481
212.192
Employment rate - Total
67,60
66,20
56,80
64,10
Employment rate - Males
73,90
74,20
66,50
69,70
Employment rate - Females
61,30
58,00
47,10
58,60
Old workers employment rate 55-64
45,10
43,60
40,40
48,90
IND/GEO
72
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
ITD - Nord-Est
67
EU15 - European
Union OMS
62
NMS10 - New
Member States (10
countries)
EU27 - European
Union
57
IT - Italy
52
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
lfst_r_lfe2emp; lfst_r_lfe2emprt; lfsi_emp_a
Labour market - Selected indicators
2012
IND/GEO
E-R
North
East
Total unemployment 15 or over (1.000
pers)
150
363
2.744
25.256
Unemployment rate - Total 15 and over
7,10
6,70
10.70
10,40
Unemployment rate - Males
6,40
5,90
9,90
10,40
Unemployment rate - Females
7,90
7,70
11,90
10,50
Young unemployment rate 15-24
26,40
24,10
35,30
22,90
NEET rate 18-24
19,70
19,80
27,00
17,00
Long term unemployment rate
2,65
2,50
5,61
4,64
Long term unemployment share
37,51
37,63
53,03
44,60
NMS10 - New
Member States (10
countries)
14
IT - Italy
EU27 - European
Union
10
EU15 - European
Union OMS
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
6
ITD - Nord-Est
2
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
lfst_r_lfu3pers; lfst_r_lfu3rt; lfst_r_lfu2ltu; une_rt_a
Italy
EU27
Partial conclusions – Labour
market
Emilia-Romagna stands out in Italy and in Europe for high rates of
activity and employment and low rates of unemployment
The region performs poorly compared to EU only for the rate of
employment of aged people and for young unemployment rate
Within the national context all indicators of the labour market
show a much better situation than in the rest of the country
Like in most of European regions, as a consequence of the
economic crisis the official rate of unemployment soared in the
last three years from 3% to 6%, but the real rate, accounting also
for not working people placed in the social safety system, is even
higher
A negative feature of the regional labour market not emerging
from our data is the high share of temporary work, especially
among young people and women. Temporary work is widespread
in all sectors, with peaks in the service sector
Labour market
QUESTION TO BE ADDRESSED
Is E-R a region with high levels of activity?
Is the regional economic system able to give
employment to local workers?
STATISTICAL EVIDENCE
Yes, the activity rate is in line with
European standard and converging
to EU15
Surely yes, better than in EU (on
average) although the economic
crisis inverted the positive trend
No, the unemployment rate
Is E-R a region with high levels of
continues to be lower than in Italy
unemployment?
and EU, but it is not anymore on
physiological level
Moderate inequalities, less than in
Are there strong inequalities in the labour
Italy but more than in EU (on
market between men and women?
average)
Does unemployment hit particularly young
Yes, more than in EU and also more
people?
than in NUTS1 region
How important is structural unemployment? One third of total unemployment.
The rate is lower than EU and Italian
level
AVAIL.
Partial conclusions – Labour
market
The main issues at stake regarding the labour market are:
The impact of the crisis on the labour market with a soaring
rate of unemployment
The high share of temporary jobs among young people and
women, producing uncertainty and instability in the working
and private life alike
The growing share of foreign workers
The low rate of employment of people over 60
Composing the puzzle: the growth
identity
GDP
GDP
Employed
LabourForces
WorkingAgePopulation

*
*
*
POPULATION Employed LabourForces WorkingAgePopulation
Population
GDP/PO
P
GDP/EMP
EMP/LAF
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
32.132
71.073
0,97
0,72
0,65
ITD - Nord-Est
31.232
70.479
0,97
0,70
0,65
IT - Italy
26.054
67.505
0,93
0,63
0,66
EU15
27.768
62.708
0,93
0,72
0,66
EU27
25.061
57.135
0,93
0,70
0,67
GEO/IND
LAF/WAP WAP/POP
demo_r_d2jan; demo_pjangroup; lfsi_act_a; lfst_r_lfe2emp; nama_r_e3gdp;
nama_gdp_c
Composing the puzzle: the growth
identity (1998-2008)

GDP
GDP
Employed
LabourForces
WorkingAgePopulation




 RESIDUAL
POPULATION
Employed
LabourForces
WorkingAgePopulation
Population
GDP/PO
P
GDP/E
MP
EMP/L
AF
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
0,20
0,16
0,01
0,07
-0,04
0,00
ITD - Nord-Est
0,22
0,16
0,01
0,08
-0,04
0,01
IT - Italy
0,24
0,15
0,05
0,05
-0,03
0,01
EU15
0,35
0,21
0,00
0,12
-0,01
0,02
EU27
0,41
0,25
0,00
0,12
0,00
0,03
GEO/IND
LAF/WA WAP/PO
P
P
Residu
al
demo_r_d2jan; demo_pjangroup; lfsi_act_a; lfst_r_lfe2emp; nama_r_e3gdp;
nama_gdp_c
Composing the puzzle: the growth
identity
EU
27
0,30
EU
15
0,25
IT
IT
D5
IT
D
0,20
EU
EU 15
27
0,15
EU
E2U
71
5
IT
IT
IT
D5
IT
D
0,10
D5
IT
D
IT
IT
EU
15E
U2
7
IT
IT
D5
D
IT
EU
1E5
U2
7
0,00
IT
IT
D5
D
0,05
-0,05
GDP/EMP
EMP/LAF
LAF/WAP
WAP/POP
Comp. Eff
Composing the puzzle: the
growth identity
The contribution to the GDP per capita growth has been
decomposed in its main components:
productivity
employment
labour force
population
The main driver of the regional economy in the decade has
been productivity which accounts for more than 70% of the
total growth. A significant contribution came from the labour
force, due probably to the increase in the female rate of
activity and to the flows of young immigrants. A negative
contribution came on the other hand from an aging
population which reduces the number of people in
employment.
Business statistics
QUESTION TO BE ADDRESSED
Which are the most important sectors
and branches of the regional economy?
INDICATORS
AVAIL.
Share of employment and of value added
by sector and by branch
Index of specialisation
How much dense and viable is the
industrial system?
Number of firms per inhabitant
Birth and mortality rate of firms
Firm distribution by number of
What is the size distribution of firms?
employees or by revenues of firms
What is the degree of internalization of
Export share on regional GDP
the regional economy?
Does the region receive consistent flows Share of foreign direct investment on
total regional investment
of foreign investment?
Share of employees in firms vertically or
Is the industrial system vertically and
horizontally integrated
horizontally integrated? Are there
relevant industrial districts?
M
M
M
M
M
Gross value added at basic prices Sectoral share
GEO/NACE
A_B
C-E
F
G-I
J-K
L-P
Emilia-Romagna
2,35
28,00
6,12
20,56
26,83
16,14
ITD - North-East
2,23
26,66
6,48
22,06
25,93
16,64
IT - Italy
2,06
21,43
6,10
22,49
27,31
20,62
EU15
1,60
19,80
6,29
20,69
29,06
22,57
EU27
1,77
20,22
6,38
21,02
28,36
22,24
Emilia-Romagna
-1,29
-1,83
1,85
-3,50
3,90
0,87
ITD - North-East
-1,24
-2,87
1,68
-2,29
3,98
0,74
IT - Italy
-1,03
-3,02
1,16
-1,69
4,28
0,30
EU15
-0,78
-3,11
0,86
-0,58
3,35
0,26
EU27
-0,81
-2,86
0,87
-0,43
3,06
0,17
2007
Variation 1998 - 2007
nama_r_e3vabp95; nama_nace06_c
Sectoral productivity of labour (1.000 €
GVA per employed person)
GEO/NACE
A-B
C-E
F
G-I
J-K
L-P
Emilia-Romagna
56,27
39,52
59,69
47,72
48,48
101,35
ITD - North-East
56,29
36,99
56,71
47,62
50,38
105,86
IT - Italy
54,90
28,09
56,55
43,23
50,45
102,17
EU15
56,77
26,96
70,76
47,41
45,82
96,60
EU27
48,93
15,22
56,54
41,33
40,84
90,51
2007
Variation rate 1998 - 2007
Emilia-Romagna
10,90
7,24
13,71
16,51
4,34
8,30
ITD - North-East
11,55
5,15
12,65
14,16
6,15
11,17
IT - Italy
11,23
2,52
11,41
10,60
6,72
16,64
EU15
13,59
3,60
19,77
14,14
9,60
18,21
EU27
13,42
3,43
17,30
12,81
9,56
18,16
nama_r_e3vabp95; sbs_r_nuts06_r2; nama_nace06_c; nama_nace06_e
Index of specialization in economic
sectors – N°of persons employed 2008
NACE/GEO
ER on
North
East
ER on
Italy
ER on
EU15
ER on
EU27
Sectorial
weight in
E-R
B - Mining and quarrying
106,38
89,61
55,97
29,25
0,16
C - Manufacturing
99,32
122,18
152,57
137,83
33,84
D - Electricity, gas, steam and air
conditioning supply
101,89
78,27
67,79
50,16
0,41
E - Water supply; sewerage, waste
management and remediation acts.
94,15
69,41
90,22
76,02
0,75
F - Construction
96,34
87,45
111,56
115,01
11,02
G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair
of motor vehicles and motorcycles
99,15
91,18
84,41
82,34
20,38
H - Transportation and storage
104,82
93,16
84,64
84,73
6,66
I - Accommodation and food
service activities
96,50
108,58
105,44
118,47
8,61
J - Information and communication
100,80
73,02
57,98
62,98
2,63
L - Real estate activities
106,38
127,92
129,55
131,89
2,62
M - Professional, scientific and
technical activities
105,08
91,38
79,08
86,52
7,07
Index of specialization in manufacturing
categories – N°of persons employed
2008
NACE/GEO
ER on
North East
ER on
Italy
ER on
EU15
ER on
EU27
Weight
of sub
category
in E-R
C10 - food products
132,93
125,64
105,78
100,47
11,36
C14 - wearing apparel
101,51
103,29
220,67
144,37
6,24
C22 - rubber and plastic products
94,75
83,70
71,94
70,04
3,75
C23 - other non-metallic mineral
products
128,31
155,16
182,83
180,03
8,62
C25 - fabricated metal products,
except machinery and equipment
98,36
98,72
115,09
120,49
14,57
C26 - Manufacture of computer,
electronic and optical products
123,22
101,37
71,70
75,87
2,92
C27 - electrical equipment
77,74
89,85
81,70
80,06
3,75
C28 - machinery and equipment
130,48
187,90
182,49
206,30
20,79
C29 - motor vehicles, trailers
140,86
77,55
40,85
41,07
3,11
C33 - Repair and installation of
machinery and equipment
115,26
89,36
104,05
108,57
3,78
sbs_r_nuts06_r2;
Index of specialization in manufacturing
categories – 2008
NACE/GEO
ER on Italy
ER on EU27
Loc Un
Emp
Loc Un
Emp
C10 - food products
104,87
125,64
102,68
100,47
C14 - wearing apparel
125,02
103,29
151,95
144,37
C22 - rubber and plastic products
97,10
83,70
74,17
70,04
C23 - other non-metallic mineral
products
78,69
155,16
83,94
180,03
C25 - fabricated metal products, except
machinery and equipment
92,96
98,72
105,83
120,49
C26 - Manufacture of computer, electronic
and optical products
137,25
101,37
98,81
75,87
C27 - electrical equipment
138,29
89,85
116,38
80,06
C28 - machinery and equipment
213,01
187,90
235,47
206,30
C29 - motor vehicles, trailers
137,89
77,55
62,74
41,07
C33 - Repair and installation of machinery
and equipment
117,83
89,36
132,02
108,57
sbs_r_nuts06_r2;
Partial conclusions – Structure of
the economy
Emilia-Romagna is a manufacturing region. Manufacturing alone
accounts for 28% of total value added, a higher share compared
to the Italian and EU15 or EU27 averages. The share of services
and especially administrative services is on the other hand
relatively lower
Data on sectorial labour productivity signal a relatively high
productivity in the agricultural sector and in the industrial sector
Within the manufacturing sector, the region has a very strong
specialization in manufacturing of machinery and equipment
(which covers over 20% of manufacturing production), fabricated
metal product, manufacturing of wearing apparels and other non
metallic mineral products.
Partial conclusions – Business
structure
The main issues at stake are:
The creation of an “highly knowledge intensive” economy in
line with the Lisbon strategy and Europe 2020 guidelines
The building of strong and stable links between activities of
research, technological transfer and production with the aim to
foster innovation and productivity on a permanent basis and to
stimulate the start up of high tech firms
The upraising of skills, especially in the field of high technology
The implementation of policies tailored for territorial clusters
and production chains
The improvement of corporate governance of firms, especially
small firm
Research and innovation
QUESTION TO BE ADDRESSED
INDICATORS
Share of high technology production
What is the technological level of
regional production?
Share of high technology patent
applications
Share of employment in high technology
and knowledge intensive sectors
How much does the regional economy
invest in research and innovation
activities?
Public expenditure on research on
regional GDP
Private expenditure on research on
regional GDP
Number of employees on research and
development activities
Number of patents
AVAIL.
M
Total intramural R&D expenditure as
% of GDP - Sectorial share 2010
GEO/SECTOR
Business
enterprise
sector
Higher
Government education
sector
sector
Private
non-profit
sector
ITD5 - Emilia-Romagna
63,70
8,90
27,40
0,00
ITD - North-East
62,40
10,40
26,40
0,80
IT - Italy
53,97
13,49
28,57
3,97
EU15
62,38
12,38
24,29
0,95
EU27
61,69
12,94
24,38
1,00
Private non-profit sector
2,50
Higher education sector
0,02
Government sector
0,02
Business enterprise sector
2,00
1,50
0,51
0
0,4
0,13
1,00
0,26
0,01
0,05
0,33
0,36
0,13
0,26
0,17
1,31
0,93
0,50
0,49
0,78
1,24
0,68
0,00
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
rd_e_gerdreg;
ITD - Nord-Est
IT - Italy
EU15 - European EU27 - European
Union
Union
Patent applications
Patent applications to the EPO by priority year at the
regional level - Per million of inhabitants
GEO/SECTOR
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Emilia-Romagna
127,676
153,314
168,463
178,224
181,762
118,624
ITD - Nord-Est
95,073
112,985
122,939
130,173
142,721
99,06
IT - Italy
55,047
65,311
69,394
75,293
82,314
56,074
EU27
85,23
101,65
105,72
107,51
113,8
117,62
Update for RER and North-East not possible
pat_ep_rtot; pat_ep_ntot
Hi-tech patent applications
Hi-tech patent applications to the EPO by priority
year at the regional level - Per million of inhabitants
GEO/SECTOR
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
8,487
7,41
5,436
6,012
8,13
5,202
ITD - Nord-Est
5,292
4,839
4,269
5,02
6,91
4,08
IT - Italy
5,619
6,493
7,091
8,413
9,199
4,265
EU27
15,594
22,529
24,964
21,465
20,744
20,216
Update for RER and Nord-Est not possible
pat_ep_rtec; pat_ep_ntec
Employment in hi-tech industries
Employment in technology and knowledgeintensive sectors, % of total employment, 2009
High and medium
high-technology
manufacturing
Low and medium
low-technology
manufacturing
Total
Females
Total
Females
Total
Females
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
9,21
4,32
16,40
14,08
1,94
1,75
ITD - North-East
8,05
4,41
18,01
13,83
1,65
1,33
IT - Italy
6,04
3,54
13,30
9,55
2,26
1,79
5,67
3,18
10,51
7,46
2,62
1,80
GEO/SECTOR
Knowledgeintensive hightechnology services
EU15
EU27
Update for RER and Nord-Est not possible
htec_emp_reg2; htec_emp_nat2
Partial conclusions – Research
and innovation
Statistical evidence on the region’s capacity to produce
innovation shows no fully consistent results
The share of R&D expenditure on GDP does not differ
significantly from the national average, and it has been
persistently lower than the EU15 average.
The negative gap is due to the low share of R&D expenditure in
the private sector, probably linked to the small average size of
Italian firms.
By contrast Emilia-Romagna performs better than Italy and the
EU as regard the normalized number of patent applications. The
same advantage does not persist if we focus on high-tech patents
From the technological point of view, the industrial sector is
strongly specialized in medium technology products while it is
relatively weak in high technology products and services
Partial conclusions – Research
and innovation
The important issues at stake are:
The share of expenditure on research and development by
the private sector is low by European standard
Innovative capacity in the high technology sectors is
unsatisfactory by European standard
The prevalence of small and medium sized firms may
represent an obstacle for technical progress spilling over
from research and development activity
Education and human capital
QUESTION TO BE ADDRESSED INDICATORS
Is the education system adequate to
Quality of the education offer
the needs of population?
Population by education atteinment
Is the human capital adequate to the
Share of young people in tertiary
needs of the economic system?
education
Lifelong learning
AVAIL.
M
Persons aged 25-64 by education
attainment in 2012
100
15,8
17,9
Tertiary education;
15,7
29,2
90
27,7
80
70
60
Upper secondary
education;
44,4
44,9
41,5
42
46,5
50
40
30
37,7
39,3
42,8
20
Lower secondary
education;
28,8
25,8
10
0
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
ITD - Nord-Est
IT - Italy
edat_lfse_09; edat_lfse_10; edat_lfse_11
EU27 - European
EU15 - European
Union (15 countries) Union (27 countries)
Students in tertiary education (ISCED 5-6)
as % of the population aged 20-24 years
GEO/TIME
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
82
94
98
95
86
84,2
ITD - Nord-Est
57,20
65,10
67,80
68,00
63,90
62,6
IT - Italy
51,30
58,10
62,50
65,40
64,60
62,8
50,80
54,90
57,40
59,00
:
63,8
EU15
EU27
educ_regind
Persons aged 30-34 with tertiary
education attainment
GEO/TIME
2000
2003
2006
ITD5 - Emilia-Romagna
2009
2012
22,60
28,60
ITD - Nord-Est
12,70
14,70
18,60
19,50
24,60
IT - Italy
11,60
13,90
17,70
19,00
21,70
EU15
24,60
27,50
31,30
34,20
37,10
EU27
22,40
25,00
28,90
32,20
35,80
educ_regind
Partial conclusions – Education
and human capital
In Emilia-Romagna –as in Italy- there is a low number of people
with tertiary education by European standards. The figures
however tell nothing about the causes of the negative gap and its
persistency in young generations
The share of females with tertiary education is higher than the
share of males. This is true also for Italy and for Europe, but to a
smaller extent
In the last three years there has been an increase in the share of
secondary education attainment at expense of lower education,
but not a clear upward trend of the share of people with tertiary
education
Statistics on the share of resident people aged 20-24 years
attending tertiary education are not very reliable in itself, but are
a clue of the great attractive capacity of the regional university
system
Tourism
QUESTION TO BE ADDRESSED
INDICATORS
AVAIL.
Number of arrivals in hotels and other
accommodation units
Is the region an important target of
touristic flows?
Number of presences in hotels and other
accommodation units
Intensity of tourism
Are there in the region important
touristic resorts?
M
Number of establishments and of
Is the accommodation supply adequate bedplaces
to touristic demand?
Density of touristic offer
Are the different typologies of
accommodation establishment well
balanced?
Typology of accommodation supply
Weight of hotels and similar
establishments on total establishments
Density of touristic offer (total number
of establishments by 100 square km)
GEO/TIME
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
33,76
37,35
37,57
37,97
36,86
38,68
14,56
ITD - North-East
121,82
114,23
133,42
127,03
134,45
134,55
10,45
IT - Italy
37,74
38,01
44,71
46,55
49,88
52,18
38,26
EU27
18,88
19,57
20,25
21,06
22,94
23,33
23,58
tour_cap_nuts3; demo_r_d3dens
2012
Var.
rate
20022012
Weight of hotels and similar
establishments on total establishments
GEO/TIME
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Var.
rate
00-10
Number of establishments
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
65,47
58,18
57,44
55,00
55,05
52,16
-20,33
ITD - North-East
19,67
20,61
17,55
18,37
16,91
16,83
-14,47
IT - Italy
29,38
29,27
25,07
24,35
22,62
21,45
-26,99
EU27
51,95
50,25
47,61
45,96
-
41,03
-21,03
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
68,45
67,40
68,21
68,52
67,65
67,27
-1,72
ITD - North-East
47,21
47,83
46,22
48,28
47,55
47,32
0,23
IT - Italy
47,07
47,55
46,38
47,36
47,96
47,26
0,41
EU27
43,44
43,37
42,25
43,25
-
44,70
2,90
Number of bed-places
tour_cap_nuts3
Arrivals and nights spent in tourist
accommodation establishments
GEO/TIME
Total arrivals
Nights spent
Average holiday lenght
2011
2011
2011
2000-2011
ITD5 - Emilia-Romagna
9.258.418
38.619.332
4,17
-14,68
ITD - Nord-Est
36.289.930
155.130.281
4,27
-14,87
IT - Italy
103.723.869
386.894.732
3,73
-11,91
805.289.016
22.436.802.882
3,03
-8,42
EU15
EU27
tour_occ_arn2; tour_occ_arnat
Intensity of tourism (Total nights spent
per thousand inhabitants)
GEO/TIME
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
9,23
9,29
8,89
8,95
8,97
8,71
-5,57
ITD - Nord-Est
13,03
13,20
12,77
13,16
13,27
13,32
2,24
IT - Italy
5,95
6,06
5,97
6,24
6,27
6,38
7,19
EU15
5,20
5,12
5,10
5,40
5,21
-
-17,45
EU27
4,43
4,37
4,40
4,67
4,55
4,85
9,3536
tour_occ_nin2; demo_r_d2jan; tour_occ_ninat
2011
Var.
rate
00-11
Partial conclusions – Tourism
The region has a significant advantage in tourism relatively to the
rest of the country and of Europe as a whole. Only Italian North
East, where Venice is placed, shows higher tourism intensity
The holiday average length is higher in the region compared to the
rest of the country and to Europe as a whole, even if it has slowly
decreased in the last decade
Figures on touristic supply density show a particularly high density
of establishment in Italian North-East, while in Emilia-Romagna
the level is even lower than Italian average, although almost
double than the EU27 one. Taking into account the dimension of
the establishments, figures would probably change
Hotels are still the predominant typology of accommodation in
Emilia-Romagna, but their weight has declined during the 2000’s.
The share is still significantly higher than in any other benchmark
area, especially in terms of number of establishments
Social inclusion and well being
QUESTION TO BE ADDRESSED
INDICATORS
To what extent the regional society is an People at risk of poverty of social exclusion
inclusive, cohesive and democratic
Measures of social capital endowment and
society?
of people political involvement
Share of poor in the regional economy
How important is the risk of poverty? Share of poor of particular segments of
population
Are there social groups object of
discrimination?
Are there serious problems of security? Number of crimes of different typologies
Number of hospitals and of hospital beds
Distance of specific areas to the nearest
How easy and inclusive is the access to hospital
the health care system?
Technical endowments of hospitals
Statistics on health personnel
Life expectancy
Is the health care system adequate to
Infant mortality rate
the needs of population?
Measures of diffusion of specific illnesses
AVAIL.
M
M
M
M
M
M
At-risk-of-poverty rate
EU
15
EU
27
18,00
EU
27
EU
15
20,00
EU
15
EU
27
IT
IT
IT
Percentage of total population
16,00
14,00
IT
D
D5
IT
IT
IT
D5
D5
IT
D
IT
10,00
D
12,00
8,00
6,00
4,00
2,00
0,00
2004
ilc_li41; ilc_li02
2007
2012
People living in households with very
low work intensity (0 to 59 years)
IT
Percentage of total population
D
IT
D5
6,00
IT
D5
IT
D
IT
D
IT
IT
8,00
D5
4,00
2,00
0,00
2004
ilc_lvhl21; ilc_lvhl11
2007
2012
EU
15
EU
27
10,00
EU
15
EU
27
IT
IT
EU
15
EU
27
12,00
Severe material deprivation rate
Percentage of total population
IT
16,00
14,00
EU
27
EU
27
12,00
2,00
0,00
2004
ilc_mddd21; ilc_mddd11
2007
2012
EU
15
IT
D
IT
IT
IT
4,00
D5
IT
D
D5
6,00
EU
15
EU
15
D
IT
IT
IT
8,00
D5
EU
27
10,00
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion
IT
Percentage of total population
EU
15
EU
15
EU
15
25,00
EU
27
EU
27
IT
EU
27
IT
30,00
IT
D5
IT
D
D5
IT
D
IT
15,00
IT
D5
IT
D
20,00
10,00
5,00
0,00
2004
ilc_peps11; ilc_peps01
2007
2012
Number of available beds in hospitals
per 100,000 inhabitants
GEO/TIME
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Var. rate
2001-2009
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
486,4
469,3
447,1
430,7
406,5
-16,43
ITD - Nord-Est
483,5
442,6
412,8
400,8
381,1
-21,18
IT - Italy
461,4
417,9
400,9
386,1
364,3
-21,04
EU15
602,2
577,4
556,5
537,1
521,6
-13,38
EU27
629,8
601,7
582,3
562,7
550,9
-12,53
Update for RER and Nord-Est not possible
hlth_rs_bdsrg; hlth_rs_bds
Health personnel - Number of physicians
or doctors per 100,000 inhabitants
GEO/TIME
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Var. rate
20012009
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
654,7
659,7
284,7
428,7
512,2
-21,77
ITD - Nord-Est
563
567,7
320,6
355,5
392,2
-30,34
612,1
621,8
380,1
385,5
410,8
-32,89
EU15
**
**
**
**
**
**
EU27
**
**
**
**
**
**
IT - Italy
** Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, France, Cyprus, Austria, Slovenia, Slovakia,
United Kingdom not available. Estonia and Romania available only for a few
years. Other countries missing in specific years
Update for RER and Nord-Est not possible
hlth_rs_prsrg; hlth_rs_prs
Infant mortality rate
7
6
EU27 - European
Union
5
4
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
IT - Italy
ITD - Nord-Est
3
2
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Update for RER and Nord-Est not possible
demo_r_d2infmo; demo_minfind
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Life expectancy at less than 1 year
age
83
82
ITD - Nord-Est
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
81
80
IT - Italy
79
EU27 - European
Union (27
countries)
78
77
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Update for RER and Nord-Est not possible
demo_r_mlifexp; demo_mlexpec
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Partial conclusions – Social
inclusion and well being
The share of population at risk of poverty is more or less one half
of the EU levels, and it slightly decreased during the last year
This is due both to a labour market more inclusive and to higher
average level of wealth
The availability of hospital beds is higher in the region compared
to the rest of the country but lower compared to the rest of
Europe. There is also a declining trend in this indicator in the
region as in the country and in the rest of Europe. Similarly, the
number of physicians in the region is higher compared to Italy, but
there are no sound data for EU
The infant mortality rate is lower and life expectancy is higher
compared to other countries. These figures show a regional
situation always better compared to Italy and even more to the
European average
Accessibility
QUESTION TO BE ADDRESSED INDICATORS
Identification and functionality of roads,
Is the regional endowment of
ports, railway lines and airports
transport infrastructure adequate to Density of transport infrastructure
the needs of population and
Victims in road accident
economic system?
Presence of intermodal centers
Individual/Public motorised transport ratio
How transport of passenger and
freight is distributed among means of Motorisation rate
transport?
Indicators on freight and passenger transports
The coverage and the speed of
internet are adequate?
How ICT is diffused among
population and firms?
Diffusion of internet connections
Diffusion of broadband
Number of computers in schools, business
and public administration
Use of internet
Share of people who have never used a
computer
AVAIL.
M
M
M
M
Density of transport infrastructure in
2008
GEO/TIME
Kilometres per 1.000 km2
Motorways
Other
roads
Railway
lines
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
25,68
564,35
ITD - Nord-Est
23,91
IT - Italy
22,00
Motorways
Other
roads
Railway
lines
55,12
-0,32
22,23
15,25
505,85
52,10
-1,47
14,35
6,69
587,64
54,65
2,51
11,21
2,72
Update for RER and Nord-Est not
possible
tran_r_net;
Growth rate 1998-2008
Victims in road accidents - Number of
deaths per million inhabitants
GEO/TIME
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
207
200
174
153
126
97
ITD - Nord-Est
:
:
158
134
114
82
IT - Italy
118
117
105
100
87
71
EU15
111
105
93
81
73
EU27
120
111
102
92
86
Update for RER and Nord-Est not possible
tran_r_acci; tsdtr420
Motorisation rate - Number of
passenger cars per 1.000 inhabitants
GEO/TIME
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
618
625
626
618
620
608
ITD - Nord-Est
:
:
:
599
604
596
563
583
599
592
603
602
412
437
446
450
463
473
IT - Italy
EU15
EU27
Update for RER and Nord-Est not possible
[tran_r_vehst; tsdpc340
Air and maritime transport intensity trend 1999-2009 (%)
GEO/TIME
Air transport
Maritime transport
Passenger
Freight
Passenger
Freight
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
73,61
100,00
-
33,68
ITD - Nord-Est
96,32
147,83
58,68
22,09
IT - Italy
69,09
54,51
11,36
12,29
Update for RER and Nord-Est not
possible
tran_r_avpa_nm; tran_r_mago_nm; tran_r_mapa_nm
Internet access
Households that have Internet access at home - % of
households with at least one member aged 16 to 74
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Var. rate
2006-2010
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
43
45
53
57
61
41,86
ITD - Nord-Est
43
47
51
57
61
41,86
IT - Italy
37
41
41
46
56
51,35
EU27
48
56
60
64
68
41,67
GEO/TIME
Update for RER and Nord-Est not possible
[isoc_r_iacc_h; tin00073
Internet access
Households that have broadband access - Percentage of
households with at least one member aged 16 to 74
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Var. rate
2006-2010
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
19
27
38
41
51
168,42
ITD - Nord-Est
18
26
34
40
53
194,44
IT - Italy
16
25
31
39
49
206,25
EU27
30
42
49
56
61
103,33
GEO/TIME
Update for RER and Nord-Est not possible
isoc_r_broad_h; tin00073
Use of internet
Individuals regularly using the Internet - Percentage of
individuals aged 16 to 74
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Var. rate
2006-2010
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
36
40
44
46
51
41,67
ITD - Nord-Est
35
38
42
45
50
42,86
IT - Italy
31
34
37
42
48
54,84
EU27
45
51
56
60
65
44,44
GEO/TIME
Update for RER and Nord-Est not possible
isoc_r_iuse_i; tin00061
Use of internet – e-commerce
Individuals who ordered goods or services over the
Internet for private use in the last year - Percentage of
individuals aged 16 to 74
GEO/TIME
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Var. rate
20062010
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
10
12
14
16
19
90,00
ITD - Nord-Est
11
12
14
16
19
72,73
IT - Italy
9
10
11
12
15
66,67
EU27
26
30
32
37
40
53,85
Update for RER and Nord-Est not possible
isoc_r_blt12_i; tin00096
Use of computer
Individuals who have never used a computer - % of
individuals aged 16 to 74
GEO/TIME
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Var. rate
2006-2010
ITD5 - EmiliaRomagna
49
45
40
40
36
-26,53
ITD - Nord-Est
49
45
41
39
36
-26,53
IT - Italy
54
49
45
43
39
-27,78
EU15
29
26
24
22
19
-34,48
EU27
33
30
27
26
22
-33,33
Update for RER and Nord-Est not possible
isoc_r_cux_i; isoc_ci_cfp_cu
Partial conclusions – Accessibility
The availability of transport infrastructure in the region is
slightly larger than the national average and possibly in line with
European standard (even if no average data are available for EU)
The endowment of transport infrastructure increased in recent
years, together with their quality –as measured by the indicator
on road accident victims
Internet accessibility is persistently lower that the European
average, although less than in the rest of the country
Same conclusions may be derived with regard to the diffusion of
internet and ITC technologies. In both cases there is a
generalised (but slow) cacthing up process towards European
standard
Environment
QUESTION TO BE ADDRESSED
INDICATORS
How serious is the problem of
pollution?
Measures of air, water and other form of
pollution
AVAIL.
M
Regional generation and treatment of
municipal waste
How sustainable is the regional system
with respect to use or resources?
Regional coverage rate of municipal
waste collection
Energy : primary production and final
How sustainable is the regional system consumption
with respect to energy security?
Share of Renewable Energy in Final
Energy Consumption
Endowment of natural resources
How pleasing is for people the natural
Number of protected areas accessible to
environment?
people
M
M
Concluding remarks
From analysis to synthesis
To make en effort to compose partial conclusions for each
dimension in an overarching frame
The split-up of the territorial analysis in several
dimension is artificial; there are inter-dimensional
relations that should be highlighted in the synthesis
conclusions
SWOT analysis may be a simple mean to organize
conclusions and statistical evidence in a suitable way
for subsequent policy design
Thank you for your attention
Alessandro Daraio [email protected]
Guglielmo Wolleb [email protected]
Regional analysis in the context of the European Union.
Statistics, tools and applications