Transcript Brazil CO intro to MDG C

World Bank Expert Roundtable
Care Economy: current and future impacts on women’s
time and economic participation
25 February 2009
Presentation on:
Financing unpaid care work
Anna Fälth
UNDP Gender Team, Bureau for Development Policy
Presentation Outline
Financing unpaid care work…
1.
2.
3.
4.
‘WHAT’?
‘BY WHOM’?
Tools for ‘WHAT’ and ‘BY WHOM’
Recommendations
1 1
Conceptual Framework of UNDP
WHAT
Recognize
Reduce
Redistribute
2 2
UNDP Project
UNDP Home-based Care Project, in collaboration with the Huairou
Commission. Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Uganda and Zimbabwe
 Support community-led research: to quantify the contributions of grassroot
women care-givers caring for people living with HIV/AIDS.
 Peer-to-peer learning processes;
 Help the caregivers to inform policy makers of the practical on-the-ground
coping strategies they use to care for people living with HIV/AIDS;
 Work with policy makers so that local realities are included in planning and
funding mechanisms.
 Compensation: some home-based care workers want to be individually
compensated (however, risk to reinforce existing gender stereotypes), and others
advocate for compensation of cooperatives of unpaid caregivers.
 Home-based care is seen as a cheap alternative, but in reality, it shifts the cost
of care from hospitals to caregivers in form of unpaid care work.
3 3
BY WHOM
Family/household
()
Not-for-profit
Public sector
Markets (formal and
informal) (€ $)
Size of formal and informal
sectors affects the burden of
unpaid work
4 4
BY WHOM (cont’d)
Variety of combinations of paid and unpaid work:
•Family/households: unpaid work, mostly by women and girls.
Well-educated/high income women have more flexibility to outsource care than
poorly educated/low income women.
• Non-for-profit: often unpaid work: community provision, charities, NGOs,
religious organizations.
• Markets: paid work in various care occupations (nurses, domestic workers,
etc.) Substitute services that women once provided in the home.
• Public sector: paid work, e.g. care for young children in crèches, pre-schools,
care for elderly, people with disabilities (mostly in developed countries)
5 5
UNDP project
Research project on the Political and Social Economy of Care
• UNDP in collaboration with IDRC and UNRISD in Argentina, India, Nicaragua,
South Africa, Tanzania and the Republic of Korea
• Analysising the key insitutions of the ‘Care Diamond’ (diff. combinations);
Who are the main care providers (disag. by sex, age, income, HH structure,
race/ethnicity…)?;
How much time do they spend on unpaid and paid work?;
What is the value of time spend on unpaid work? (in monetary terms, in
comparison with GDP, paid work, government tax revenue, government
expenditure on care-related personnel, etc.)
• What kinds of policies are needed to support the unpaid economy and to
transform it along more gender-egalitarian lines?
6 6
Tools for WHAT and BY WHOM
Time use surveys
Cost-benefit analysis
Gender-responsive budget tools
Informs policy making, planning and budget processes
7 7
Tools for WHAT and BY WHOM (cont’d)
 Benefit incidence analysis
(distribution of budget resources among
males and females)
 Beneficiary Assessment (views of users, right spending?)
 Public expenditure tracking survey (if funds earmarked for a special
purpose, do they reach the intended service units?)
 Time use analysis
(how government resource allocation and revenue
raising patterns impact on the amount of different types of paid and unpaid work
done and the way that time is spent by women and men)
 Revenue incidence analysis
(if women and men are affected differently
by the kind of revenues raised by governments)
8 8
ECUADOR
Time-use study:
Study measures the impact of structural adjustment programmes:
 Social spending cuts
 Women had to spend more time shopping (for cheaper items) and
cooking (bought less processed food)
 increased time spent on unpaid work
 daughters to help mothers
 less girls in school
9 9
Recommendations
Possible policy interventions and investments:
Cash payments to caregivers (e.g. child benefits, pensions)
Time and labour saving technologies;
Taxation allowances
Paid leave from employment
Social security credits
Provision of subsidized care services
Education (incl. school meals and continuous day  free up time
that otherwise would be unpaid care work)
Interventions target both women and men.
1010