Transcript An Overview of Shanghai

Brief History of Shanghai and Its
Neighborhood
Basic facts of Shanghai:
Area: 6340.5 Square km, 0.06% of China
Population (2010): 22.20 million including 14.12
million permanent residents
GDP : (2009) 1.4900 trillion Yuan RMB
(2010) 1.6872 trillion Yuan RMB, an increase of
9.9%。
(2010) National GDP 39.7 Trillion Yuan RMB
(6.04 trillion US$ National average increase 8.7%
(2010) National GDP per capita: $4,394 USD;
purchasing power parity: $7,539 USD（IMF Statistics）
Primary industry:
11.415 billion Yuan (2010)
an decrease of 6.6% over the previous
year
Secondary industry: 713.9 billion Yuan (2010)
an increase of 16.8 %
Third industry:
961.831
billion Yuan (2010)
an increase of 5%
accounting for 57.01% of the total .
59.4 % (2009)








Jiangsu Province:
Area: 102,600 square km
Population: (2010) 78.65 million
GDP: (2010) 4.0903 Trillion Yuan RMB, an
increase of 13.5%，GDP
per
capita $ 7700 US.
Zhejiang Province:
Area: 101,800 square km
Population: (2010) 54.42 million
GDP: (2010) 2.7100Trillion Yuan RMB, an
increase of 11.8 %.









Taiwan: Population: 23.16 million
2010 GDP $430.45 billion USD ,
2.7976 Trillion Yuan RMB
GDP per capita: $ 18,603 USD
2010年 GDP per capita USD
Macau
49745
Hongkong 31591
Taiwan
18458
Shanghai 10957 Jiangsu 7683
Zhejiang 7394
F in e Ch em i. ..
I ro n & St ee l
A ut o In du st ry
11.5%
C om pl et e S. ..
7.9%
7.8%
10.7%
B io me di ca l .. .
24.8%
1.7%
E le ct ro ni c .. .
35.6%
O th er s

Shanghai was a primitive village 6,000 years ago.

The city is called in Chinese “Hu” (沪 ) for short
and “Shen”(申) as a nickname. About 6,000
years ago, the western part of today's Shanghai
dried up into land and its eastern part became a
piece of land about 2,000 years ago.

During the Spring-Autumn and Warring States
Periods (770-221 BC), this area was once the fief
of Huang Xie, the Chun Shen Governor of the
State of Chu. So, “申” (Shen) comes from the
title of the governor.

During the Jin Dynasty (4th-5th centuries),
fishermen living along the Songjiang River
(today‘s Suzhou Creek) and the coast of the East
China Sea created a fishing tool called (扈 ).

By combining the name of the fishing tool
and the then term for estuary of big
rivers(渎 ), they coined a Chinese character
"Hu" (沪) to name the place as it sits at the
mouth of the Yangtze River, the longest
river in China.

Although neighboring cities like Nanjing,
Suzhou, and Hangzhow figure spaciously
in the chronicles of ancient China,
Shanghai is very rarely mentioned. It
undoubtedly formed part of the Kingdom
of Wu (B.C. 513), a great feudal state that
embraced the modern province of Jiangsu,
in which Shanghai is situated, but its
connection is not recorded.



The earliest reference to what is now Shanghai is
placed at approximately B.C. 200, when it was
called "liu-tuh" and known as a fishing station.
Huating (华亭)County was established in 710
AD in the western part of Shanghai.
The name 上海 (Shanghai) first appeared in
1077 AD on the store name of a winery in what
is today the Nanshi district of Shanghai. Its
name literally meaning ‘by the sea'.

Shanghai County was set up in 1291, with its
county seat near the Huangpu River.

The city’s ancestors obtained their goods by
plowing in the spring and harvesting in the
autumn and developed agriculture and trade by
shipping through the river and sea.

After the middle of Emperor Kangxi’s reign
(1662-1722) in the Qing Dynasty, the ban on
maritime trade and intercourse with foreign
countries was gradually lifted, thus enabling
Shanghai’s geographical advantage in controlling
both the river and the sea to be brought into full
play.



After Kangxi’s reign) Shanghai developed into a
prosperous town and became known as the
“Great Town in the Southeast”.
The cotton textile industry and large junk
transportation became Shanghai’s main business.
The old city housed a prosperous commercial
centre with a developed culture. As the old
saying goes “一城烟火半东南” (half of
southeastern China was illuminated with the
fire works set off in Shanghai).


Until 1842, China and Britain remained in bitter
conflict, as Britain smuggled opium into China.
While Britain made a financial killing, thousands
of Chinese became addicted---leading to social
decay and degradation, much to the concern of
the Qing Dynasty rulers.
China responded by dumping British opium into
the sea near Hong Kong, which subsequently set
off two opium wars between the two nations. At
the conclusion, a humiliated China admitted
defeat to the better-equipped British armies.

As part of Britain's terms, China gave up its
sovereignty to Hong Kong and other
advantageous treaty ports--Shanghai being one
of them.

Other Western powers soon joined Britain to lay
claim on the precious land.

After the war, Britain declared Shanghai a treaty
port, and the sleepy village suddenly
transformed into a city with many foreign
influences.

The British, the French and the Americans took
up autonomous concession zones in the city,
each of which was independent of Chinese law.

All three brought their own colonial influences
to the city, which can still be seen today in the
European architecture of the buildings on The
Bund and in the Old French Concession area.

Huaihai Road used to be the French
Concession area is now a chic section of the
city and a famous shopping street. It is
home of numerous brand name shops,
cafes and boutiques. Many of the old
buildings are unfortunately being torn
down in favor of glossy department stores
and high-rises.

Asia Building (No. 1, The Bund), originally the
McBain Building, housed the Shanghai offices of
Royal Dutch Shell and Asiatic Petroleum
Company.

Shanghai Club (No. 2, The Bund), which was
the principal social club for British nationals in
Shanghai.

Union Building (No. 3, The Bund), housed a
number of insurance companies.

The Mercantile Bank of India, London, and
China Building (No. 4, The Bund), housed the
Mercantile Bank of India, London and China,
built between 1916-1918.

Nissin Building (No. 5, The Bund), housed a
Japanese shipping company.

China Merchants Bank Building (No. 6, The
Bund), housed the first Chinese-owned bank in
China.

The Great Northern Telegraph Corporation
Building (No. 7, The Bund), housed The Great
Northern Telegraph Company. Site of the first
telephone switch in Shanghai in 1882.

Russel & Co. Building (No. 9, The Bund),
now houses the China Shipping Merchant
Company.

The HSBC Building (No. 12, The Bund), now
used by the Shanghai Pudong Development
Bank, was once the Shanghai headquarters of
the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking
Corporation, which failed to reach a deal with
the Shanghai government to buy the building
again in the 1990s, when the Shanghai
government moved out of the building that they
had used since the 1950s.

The present building was completed in 1923. At
the time, it was called "the most luxurious
building between the Suez Canal and the Bering
Strait". Its famous ceiling mosaics have been
fully restored, and can be viewed inside the
entrance hall.

The Customs House (No. 13, The Bund), was
built in 1927 on the site of an earlier, traditional
Chinese-style customs house. The clock and bell
was built in England and in imitation of Big Ben.


Fifty-two buildings lining the narrow shoreline
of the Huangpu River offer a living exhibition of
Gothic, Baroque, Roman, Classic Revival and
Renaissance architectural styles, as well as
combinations of Chinese and Western styles.
They are also a condensation of the recent
history of the city.

The wide embankment offers ample room for
strolling and is used by locals for morning
exercises and evening gatherings. In the evening,
colorful lights illuminate the area and create a
shimmering image deserving of the name Pearl
of the Orient.

Shanghai quickly became an important industrial
center and trading port in China, drawing
hundreds of people to the city. Those proved
prosperous times, and Shanghai gained a
reputation for being one of the world's most
cultured and sophisticated cities.

The rich got richer and the poor poorer, and
many local Chinese lived in absolute squalor and
poverty. With weak and corrupt Chinese rule
and rampant exploitation by foreigners, rebellion
and revolt became inevitable.

This grew roots when the Nationalist Party
overthrew the declining Qing Dynasty and
declared a new Republic of China with Mr. Sun
Yat-sen as president in 1911.

Marxism soon became a popular ideology
among Chinese intellectuals, and in 1921, they
formed the Communist Party in Shanghai.


Among the party's members was a young Mao
Ze Dong. The Communist Party and the
Nationalists initially formed an uneasy alliance to
reunify China under its own sovereignty, but
Shanghai had to weather another invasion by the
Japanese during World War II.
Japanese invasion of Shanghai began on August
13, 1937 and lasted until Nov. 12. The Japanese
army put in 9 divisions, altogether 220,000
soldiers and the Chinese army put in 70
divisions with 700,000 soldiers.


On May 27, 1949 Shanghai was liberated from
the Kuomintang rule. At that time the city’s
population was only 5.2 million. However, by
the end of 2000, Shanghai's population had
grown to 13.2163 million (according to the
permanent residence registration), representing
1% of China's total. The figure was 2.5 times of
that registered before 1949.
By the end of 2002, the city had a total
population of 16.74 million (including the
migrant population).
Political Significance


As one of the four municipalities in China,
Shanghai is an politically important city in China.
since in China.
The Party Secretary of the city is always a
member of the political bureau of the CPC
central committee. Other political bureau
members from municipalities and provinces are
from Beijing, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Chongqing,
Hubei and Xinjiang.
Economic Significance




According to Shanghai Foreign Trade
Commission’s statistics, nearly half of the
fortune 500 enterprises have invested in the city.
Large foreign funded project with an investment
exceeding 10 million Yuan account for 70 % of
the total contracted investment.
According to www.people.com.cn by July 15
this year, 281 regional headquarters of
multinational corporations. There are 203
investment type companies and 311
R & D centers in Shanghai.
China’s foreign trade in 2009 was worth of
2.20727 trillion dollar U.S., a drop of 13.9%
over the previous year.
Shanghai’s FDI contracted total: 10.538 billion
dollars US.
Shanghai’s Main Industries


Electronics, iron and steel, automobile,
petrochemical, power equipment, shipbuilding,
pharmaceuticals and service sectors.
Service sectors include tourism, exhibition,
retailing business, various consulting (legal,
accounting, etc.), finance and banking, insurance,
and catering, etc.
Shanghai Development Strategy

Attract multinational corporation regional
headquarters

Made in China, R & D in Shanghai

Promoting the city as the regional as well as the
nation’s financial center

Recruiting top talents around the world.

986 financial institutions are in Shanghai

Shanghai Stock Exchange has 870 stock listed
companies, with a total net worth: 18.4655.23
trillion Yuan