Transcript week1lecturenotes

Instructors:
Frank Kreith
Mike Hannigan
Friday,
Wednesday, 9 – 10 am
DLC 205
ECME 251a
[email protected]
[email protected]
Teaching Assistant:
Jeanie Mar
Wednesday, 4 – 5 pm (ECME 215a)
ECME 217 (a.k.a., the cave)
[email protected]
Sustainable ≡
Definitions
Meets the needs of the current users without
compromising the ability of future users to
meet their needs.
Energy ≡
Ability to do work
Sustainable Energy ≡
Meets the work needs of the current
population without compromising the ability
of generations to meet their work
General Structure
Each week we will cover a new topic
Week 3, Conservation
Week 4, Electric Power
Tuesday
Thursday
Tuesday
Thursday
Overview lecture
Homework assigned
Reading quiz due
Reading discussed
Example problem
Homework discussed
Overview lecture
Homework assigned
Reading quiz due
Reading discussed
Example problem
Homework discussed
Homework discussed
(week2)
Reading assigned
Homework discussed
Reading assigned
(week 5)
Schedule
1. Introduction
Ken Hammond
2. Economics
Frank Kreith
3. Conservation
Moncef Krarti
4. Electric power
Mike Hannigan
5. Co-gen
Frank Kreith
6. Nuclear
Joel Selbin
7. Agriculture
Mike Hannigan
8. Transportation
Ron West
9. Biofuels/bioenergy
Jim McMillan
10. Wind power
Sandy Butterfield
11. Solar, thermal domestic
Frank Kreith
12. Solar, thermal power
Randy Gee
13. Solar, photovoltaic
Roland Winston
14. Waste management
Frank Kreith
15. Hydrogen economy
Frank Kreith
Grading
MCEN 4228
Homework
65 %
Reading quiz
20 %
Carbon game
10 %
Professionalism 5 %
MCEN 5228
Homework
Reading quiz
Carbon game
Professionalism
Mini-projects
50 %
20 %
10 %
5%
15 %
1st Law of Thermodynamics:
You can’t win.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics:
You can’t break even.
Energy “Sources”
Solar
• solar thermal
• photovoltaic (PV)
• wind
• water
• biomass
Nuclear
Fossil Solar
• coal
• oil
• natural gas (NG)
Energy Carriers
Electrical
H2
NG
LNG
Coal
How do we extract work from these carriers?
Fuels
• oil
• diesel
• gasoline
• EtOH
Ken Hammond
Professor of Pyschology
Shouldn’t facts dictate society’s behavior?
Is our current Energy System sustainable?
Today
Supply
of Energy
Sources
Demand
for Power
Video
homework
Thursday
in class
Population
Growth
Actual Behavior
Economics
Next week
Environmental
Impacts
Reading
homework
Quadrillion = 1 x 1015
Barrel of oil = 42 gal = 5.8 x 106 BTU
4 x 107 barrels of volume
Yearly US energy consumption is the equivalent of
~2,500 Folsom Stadiums full of oil.
Energy Intensity
Carbon Trading Game
CH4 + 2O2 —› 2H2O + CO2
Goal: Make the most money
Players: Each of you is country
How do you make (or lose) money?
Buy or Sell ….
Oil, Coal, Natural Gas, Uranium, Electricity,
Certified Energy Reductions (CERs)
Rules
1. You must supply your citizens with enough energy
to meet their demands. If you don’t you will be
fined (or overthrown).
2. You cannot sell a thing if you do not have it. In
other words, if you don’t have coal reserves in your
country, you can’t sell coal.
3. You must meet the carbon dioxide emissions
reductions prescribed for your country. If you don’t
you will be fined.
4. All transactions must be reasonable or the UN will
not give their stamp of approval.
Generation of a CER
1. GNP – generation of carbon neutral power
production
2. SNK – creation of new carbon sink.
3. EFF – improvement of efficiency of existing
carbon-based power generation system
4. SEQ – tail-pipe controls
If you cannot meet your citizens’ power needs and the prescribed CO2
emissions reductions, then you will need to buy CERs from other countries.
You might find it cheaper to buy a CER than to reduce your CO2 emissions.
Timeline
Year
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
1
5
8
11
13
15
Week
Republic of Angola
Government:
multi-party presidential regime
Current Leader:
Jose Eduardo Dos Santos (1975)
(Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola)
Administrative divisions:
18 provinces
Independence:
From Portugal in 1975
Legal system:
Based on Portuguese civil law
Land Use:
Arable, 2.65%
Permanent crops, 0.23%
Population Projections
(in thousands)
10,000,000
9,000,000
8,000,000
7,000,000
World
6,000,000
Africa
Asia
5,000,000
Europe
Latin America
4,000,000
Angola (x10)
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
Energy Intensity decreases
are correlated with
GDP per capita growth