Transcript WHAT IS PLAN

WHAT IS PLAN ?
 A plan spells out how the resources of a
nation should be put to use.
 It should have some general goals as
well as specific objectives which are to
be achieved with in a specified period of
time.
 In India plans are of five year duration
and are called FIVE YEAR PLAN.
OBJECTIVES OF PLANNING –
 Economic growth.
 Self- Reliance.
 Removal of Unemployment.
 Reduction in income inequalities.
 Elimination of poverty.
PLANNING COMMISSION
 The PLANNING COMMISSION is an
institution in the Government of India,
which formulates India’s Five year plan.
 Planning commission was set up on 15
MARCH 1950, with Prime minister
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU as the
chairman.
FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1951-1956)
• Presented by –
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
•Total outlay
Crores
- Rs. 2069
• Target growth –
2.1%growth in gross
domestic product.
7 AREAS COVERED
•Agriculture as well as community development.
• Energy as well as irrigation.
• Communication and transportation.
• Land rehabilitation.
• Social services.
• Miscellaneous.
• Industrial sector.
ACHIEVEMENTS -
 HYDROELECTRIC POWER PROJECTS.
 More railway lines were added.
 ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION was
formed.
 5 STEEL plants at BHILAI, DURGAPUR
and ROURKILA were established.
SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1956- 1961)

Total outlay – RS. 4800
Crore.
 Followed by –
MAHALANOBIS MODEL.
 Target growth – To inc.
NATIONAL INCOME by
25%.
CONCERN AREAS  To make country more industrialized.
 Focus was mainly on heavy industries.
 To increase employment opportunities.
 To determine optimum allocation of
investment between productive sectors.
ACHIEVEMENTS
 Growth rate in GDP
- 3.6%
 National income increase
- 18%
 Per capita income increase - 11%
 Per capita consumption inc. – 9%
 Growth rate in NDP
- 15%
 2 Irrigation projects BHAKRA and
HIRAKUND projects initiated.
This plan got a MODERNATE
SUCCESS, due to-
 UNFAVOURABLE MONSOON in
1957-58, 1959-60.
 SUIZ CRISES which blocked
international trading and increase the
commodity prices.
 High TARIFFS.
THIRD FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1961-1966)

OBJECTIVES
More stress to agriculture. 1. Subsidies.
2 Sufficient help.
 To increase the national income by 5% per
year.
 To provide employment to people.
 To establish EQUITY among all the
people of country.
 To achieve 4.5% growth rate of GDP
ACHIEVEMENTS
 Decentralization.
 Organization formed – 1. Panchayats
2. zila parishads
 Laid emphasis on- 1. Oil conservation
2. Irrigation
3. A forestation
4. Dry farming
 Many fertilizers and cement plants
were built.
 Green revolution.
PROBLEMS FACED
 SINO INDIAN WAR, India witnessed
increase in price of products, the
resulting INFLATION.
FOURTH FIVE
YEAR PLAN
(1969- 1974)
Total outlayRs. 24880 Crores.
OBJECTIVES
 To achieve stability and progress
towards SELF –RELIANCE.
 To achieve an overall rate of growth 5.7
percent annually.
 To raise exports at the rate of 7 percent
annually.
 To reform and restructure government
expenditure agenda( DEFENSE became
one major expense)
ACHIEVEMENTS
 14 Banks were NATIONALIZED.
 Food grain production increase.
 Served as a stepping stone for economic
growth.
 great advancement has been made with
regard to India’s national income.
 Considered as one of the EMERGING
POWER.
PROBLEMS
 A gap was created between the people of
rural areas and those of urban areas.
 Due to RECESSION, FAMINE and
DROUGHT, India did not pay much
heed to long term goals.
FIFTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1974-1979)
 Total outlay –Rs. 53410 Crores.
OBJECTIVES
 5.5 Percent overall rate of growth in gross
domestic objectives.
 Expansion of productive employment and
fuller utilization of existing skills and
equipment.
 A National programme for minimum
needs and extended programmes of
social welfare.
 To reduce social, regional and economic
disparities.
 To enhance agricultural productivity.
 To develop labor intensive technological
improvement.
 Production support policies in the
COTTAGE INDUSTRY SECTOR.
ACHIEVEMENTS
 Food grain production was above 118
million tons due to the improvement of
INFRASTRUCTUAL FACILITIES.
 BOMBAY HIGH had shot up the
commercial production of oil in india.
 The INDIAN NATIONAL HIGHWAY
SYSTEM was introduced for the first
time.
PROBLEMS FACED –
 The INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY
was in trouble.
 FOOD, OIL and FERTILIZERS
where prices Sky – Rocketed.
 Several Inflationary pressures.
(Electricity supply act was enacted in
1975)
SIXTH FIVE YEAR
PLAN
(1980-1985)
 Total outlay – Rs. 158710 Crores.
OBJECTIVES
 To initiate FAMILY PLANNING.
 To improve PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL.
 To initiate modernization for achieving
ECONOMIC and TECHNOLOGICAL
SELF – RELIANCE.
 To develop indigenous energy sources
and efficient energy usage.
 To promote improved quality of life of
citizens.
ACHIEVEMENTS
 Speedy industrial development.
 Government investments in the Indian
HEALTHCARE CENTRE.
 Emphasis on the INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY SECTOR.
 Science and technology also made a
significant advance.
PROBLEMS FACED –
 During this time RAGIV GANDHI was
the PRIME MINISTER and hence
industrial development was the
emphasis of this plan, some opposed it
specially the communist groups, this
slowed down the pace of progress.
SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1985-1989)
OBJECTIVES –
 ANTI- POVERTY PROGRAM.
 Improved facilities for education to GIRLS.
 The government undertook to increase productivity
of1. Oilseeds, fruits, vegetables.
2. Egg, Meat, Milk.
3. Pulses, Cereals, fish.
 Emergence of Informatics, and hooking
up of TELECOMMUNICATIONS with
Computers.
ACHIEVEMENTS
Making India an independent
economy.
 SOCIAL JUSTICE.
 Using Modern technology.
 Full supply of Food, Clothing and
Shelter.
PROBLEMS FACED –
1989-91, was a period of POLITICAL
INSTABILITY in India and hence no five
year plan was implemented.
 In 1991, India faced a crisis in
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES.
EIGHTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1992 – 1997)
This plan can also be called as RAO
AND MANMOHAN MODEL OF
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.
OBJECTIVES
 Prioritize the specific sectors which requires
immediate investment.
 To generate FULL SCALE EMPLOYMENT.
 Universalisation of ELEMENTARY
EDUCATION.
 To place greater emphasis on role of
PRIVATE INITIATIVE in the development
of the INDUSTRIAL SECTOR.
To strengthen the INFRASTRUCTURAL
FACILITIES.
 Promote SOCIAL WELFARE
MEASURES like improved healthcare,
sanitation, communication etc.
 GDP growth Per Annum – 5.6
 To encourage growth and
DIVERSIFICATION of AGRICULTURE.
ACHIEVEMENTS –
Rise in the Employment level.
 Poverty reduction.
 Self- Reliance on Domestic resources.
 Self- Sufficiency in AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTION.
 An average annual growth rate of 6.7
percent.
ENERGY was given priority with 26.6
percent of outlay.
 Involvement of PANCHAYAT RAJ,
NAGARPALIKAS, N.G.O’S.
 DECENTRALISATION and people’s
participation.
NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1997- 2002)
Target GDP Growth 6.5 Percent.
OBJECTIVES To prioritize RURAL DEVELOPMENT.
 To generate adequate EMPOYMENT
OPPORTUNITIES.
 To stabilize the prices.
 To ensure FOOD and NUTRITONAL
SECURITY.
 To encourage social issues like WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT.
 To create a liberal market for increase
in PRIVATE INVESTMENT.
 To CHECK the growing POPULATION
INCREASE.
 To provide for the BASIC
INFRASTRUCTURE facilities.
ACHIEVEMENTS –
A combined effort of PUBLIC, PRIVATE
and ALL LEVELS OF GOVERNMENTS.
Ensured the growth of India’s economy.
 SERVICE SECTOR showed fast growth
rate.
TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(2002 – 2007)
Target GDP growth – 8 Percent per annum
OBJECTIVES
 All children to be in school by 2003 and all
children to complete 5 year of schooling by 2007.
 Reduction in Poverty ratio from 26% to 21%.
 Decadal population growth to reduce from
21.3% in 1991-2001 to 16.2% by 2001-11.
 Reducing GENDER GAPS in literacy and
Wages rate by 50%.
 INFANT MORTILITY RATE to be reduced
from 72 in 1999-2000 to 45 in 2007.
 MATERNAL MORTILITY RATE to be
reduced from 4 per 1000 in 1999-2000 to 2
per 1000 in 2007.
 Increase in FOREST/ TREE cover from
19% in 1999-2000 to 25% in 2007.
 Providing portable drinking water in
all villages.
 All main rivers should be cleaned up
between 2007 and 2012.
 Growth in gainful employment to, at
least keep pace with in addition to the
work force.
ACHIEVEMENTS –
 NSTFDC – NATIONAL SCHEDULED
TRIBES FINANCIAL AND
DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, has
been set up.
 Overall growth rate of GDP – 7
Percent.
ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(2007 – 2012)
 This plan is titled with “ TOWARDS FASTER
AND MORE INCLUSIVE GROWTH”.
OBJECTIVES
 GDP Growth rate to be increased to 10% by the
end of plan.
 Farm sector growth to be increased to 4%
 Creation of SEVEN CRORE JOB
opportunities.
 Reduced Educated unemployment
youth to below 5 PERCENT.
 INFANT MORTILITY RATES to be
reduced to 28 per 1000 lives.
 MATERNAL DEATH RATES to be
reduced to 1 per 1000 births.
 CLEAN DRINKING WATER to all by
2009.
Improve SEX RATIO to 935 by 2011-12.
 ROADS TO ALL VILLAGES that have a
population of 1000 and more by 2009.
 Increase Forest and Tree cover by 5 %.
 Achieve the WORLD HEALTH
ORGANISATION standard Air quality in
major cities by 2011-12.
 Treat all urban WASTEWATER by 201112 to CLEAN RIVER WATERS.
 Increase AGRICULTURE GDP growth to
4 Percent per annum.
 Connect every village by TELEPHONE by
2007 and BROADBAND connectivity to all
villages by 2012.