Transcript Document

Thematic Report of China Geography(4)
Regionalization Theory and Practice
Reporter: Li Xiaoxi
School of Geography
Beijing Normal University
1. Regionalization Definition and Functions
• Regionalization is the process of dividing big
regions into small regions.
• General regionalization,from the perspective of a
country, is how to divide a few first level regions
in the range of a country.
• Three forms of forming regions: natural shape,
established by usage,administrative division and
Natural formation but also recognized by the
administration.
Why to Do the Regionalization？
• 1.Regionalization is the important reference for
rational allocation of resources in roomage.
• 2.Regionalization is the presupposition of
comparing regions.
• 3.Regionalization is a powerful tool to mobilize
the administrative power to support economic
development.
2. Five Elements of Regionalizaiton
1. Impersonal Basis of Regionalization:Is
regionalization possible?
2.Main Body of Regionalization: Who to divide?
3.Regionalization Target: Why to divide?
4.Principle of Regionalization:under what regulation?
5. Regionalization Index: according to what specific
requirement?
Element 1: Impersonal Basis of
Regionalization
• Homogeneity：According to characteristics of certain
important factors or similarities in the consistency of the
division, such as wheat District and corn areas in the
United States. Thunen Ring is homogeneous District.
• Heterogeneity : composed of several heterogeneous parts,
closely linked functions, emphasizing the relationship
between each part in the region, reflecting structure, called
"polarization zone" (gathered region, nub region and
functional region).
Element 2： Main Body of Regionalization
• Function of Administrative Power:Generally divided by
government.
• Case：
United States, France and Japan regionalization
example :administrative divisions are not only characteristics
of Planned Economy
• National Quartation: Regionalization is difficult without
administrative power.
Element 3： Regionalization Target
• Regionalization Target decides the regionalization
result.For example, divide depressed area to solve
poverty problem,divide high-technology area to
develop high-technology.
Element 4： Principle of Regionalization
• Regionalization target decides the principle of
regionalization,principle effects target.
• Function Zone(industrial zone and agricultural
zone and so on),integrated economic zone and
poverty zone have each principle of
regionalization.
Element 5：Regionalization Standard
• Regionalization is different according to different division
standards.
• Single Standard(per capita GDP, per capita production
value)
• Complex Standard(Life quality and social development)
• Discussion:Do you agree more indexes in the standard
more accurate regionalization?
3. Three Types of Regions
• These regions are regionalization results. Some regions are
results of regionalization directly, some regions are
common choice of administrative and economic
power,some regions are formed by economic power.
• Division of Three Types is from economic perspective that
is macro middle way and micro.
• Regional economics of our country and former east of
Russia focus on country people economic regionalization,
Regional economics of market economy countries focus on
location,micro,market function and sometimes macro.
3.1 Macro Type（where is large）
＊regional division
• National first level economic regionalization：e.g. Three zones；
• Population Distribution in different regions（regional labor market and
income decision）
• Capital distribution in different regions
• Land use in different regions
＊economic increase in regions（sustainable increase：energy sources and
environment，comparison of each region
• Link and interactive of regions
• ＊regional policy（include Opening-up the west ）（ Opening-up and
regional development）
＊Comparison between Regional difference and regional policy.
Old Trichotomy
• Old Trichotomy ：division of east,middle and west
economic zones are called “Old Trichotomy ” for short.
According to statistic data
• East zone includes nine provinces and three
cities:Liaoning,Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Shandong,Shanghai,Ji
angsu,Zhejiang,Guangdong,Guangxi,Fujian and Hainan
• Middle zone includes nine provinces(districts):Hei
Longjiang,Jilin,Inner
Mongolia,Shanxi,Henan,Anhui,Jiangxi,Hubei and Hunan
• West zone includes nine
provinces(districts):Sinkiang,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia,Shanx
i,Sitsang,Sichuan,Yunnan and Guizhou.
Old Trichotomy
3.2 Middle Scale Type（where is middle）
•
•
•
•
•
Industrial Location
Agricultural Location
＊Shopping Center Location
＊Drainage Basin and Economic Circle
urban cluster（urban circle,large and middle
city,county economy and so on）
3.3 Micro Type（where is small）
• ＊Enterprise Location（scale economy
problems and location and enterprise core
competitiveness）
• ＊Urban Economy
• Living Area
• Exploitation Area
• Hi-Tech Area
3.4 Comparsion of Regionalization
Advantages and Disadvantages of China
• Regionalization of China includes
dichotomy,trichotomy,quartation, one divides into
six(different forms) and one divides into seven
• Classification method from income view should
link with regional continuity.
• Multi regionalizations with each reason but with
its target standard.How to divide best?
• University is the place of freethinking, everyone
can choose your consentient regionalization.
Regionalization 1：New Trichotomy
• East zone includes eight provinces and three
cities:Liaoning,Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Shandong,Shanghai,J
iangsu,Zhejiang,Guangdong ,Fujian,and Hainan.
• Middle zone includes eight provinces(districts) Hei
Longjiang,Jilin, Shanxi, Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei and
Hunan
• West zone includes twelve provinces(districts) :Chongqing,
Sinkiang,Gansu,Qinghai,Inner
Mongolia,Ningxia,Shanxi,Sitsang,Sichuan,Yunnan,Guizho
u and Guangxi.
New Trichotomy
Regionalization 2： One Divides into Six
• （1）Six Collaboration Areas：North China Area,Northeast
Area,Southeast Area, central-southern Area,Northwest Area and
Southwest Area.
• （2)Northeast Area,Huanghe River Basin Economic Area,Changjiang
River Basin Economic Area,Southern Economic Area,Sinkiang
Area,Tibet Area.
• （3）Northeast Area, North China Area or Middle and the middle and
lower reaches along Huanghe River Area,Central China Area or the
middle and lower reaches along Yangtse River Area .
My Method:One Divides into Six
Explaination of One Divides into Six
• Northwest：Sinkiang,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia and Shanxi
• Southwest：Chongqing,Yunnan,Sichuan,Guizhou,Guangxi and Tibet
• Areas of Southeast of China：
Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Shanghai,Guangdong,Fujian and Hainan.
• Four Provinces of Northeast:Liaoning,Jilin,Heilongjiang,Inner
Mongolia.
• Areas of Central China:Henan,Hubei,Hunan,Anhui and Jiangxi.
• Areas of North China:Beijing,Tianjin,Shandong,Hebei and Shanxi.
Regionalization 3：Seven Economic Areas of Compendium
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Yangzi River Delta and its along region
The Bohai Rim
Southeast littoral
Part provinces in Southwest and South of China
Notheast Areas
Five provinces in Central China
Northwest Areas
One Divides into Seven Method in Compendium
Regionalization 4：Experts in World Bank put
forward China should be divided into seven areas
•
•
•
•
•
Western Area：Sinkiang,Tibet,Qinghai,Gansu and Ningxia
Northern:Heilongjiang,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Shanxi and Shaanxi.
Inland Area of Southern:Szechwan,Guihzou,Yunnan and Guangxi.
Central China Areas: Henan, Anhui,Jiangxi,Hubei and Hunan.
Littoral of Northern:Liaoning,Hebei(including Beijing,Tianjin and
Shandong).
• Littoral of East: Jiangsu(including Shanghai), Chekiang
• Littoral of South:Fujian,Guangdong and Hainan
One Divides into Seven Method of World Bank
Regionalization and Sorts Division
• All of the above regionalizations have a basic
precondition:land is continued.
• If the land is not always continued, new thoughts will
appear.
• If we take the discontinuity as the natural condition of
regionalization ,economic sorts can be compared without
considering land continuity. Of course, sorts should be
divided using standard.
Combination of Sorts Division and Regionalization:
Get rid of the thinking of geography regions
• Combination of Sorts Division and Regionalization
• Sorts Division according to personal revenue and GDP
per capita
• There are a few fruits about this of World Bank and
National Research Organization
My Assumption
•
•
•
•
Why to divide high,middle and low income provinces?
First, for finding disparity.
Second,for encouraging enthusiasm of low income regions.
Third,for financial support for low income regions from
government.
Further Discussion of My Assumption
Three rules of dividing three kinds of income regions :Propose
two principles from the statistic rules of data from 1978 of China
• 1.Quarter Rule:Fluctuation 25% provinces in line with the national average
GDP per capita shall be divided into the middle-income areas.Higher than
125% divided into high-income areas,lower than 75% divided into lowincome areas.This rule is got from provincial sequence clustering rule.
• 2. Flexible adjustment rule:Grouping should consider economy and statistics
combination view.In the basis of 25%,adjust proportion according to change of
actual conditions.
Classification according to GDP per capita in 2000
Shanghai
Type
GDP per
capita
Type
Type
region
unit:yuan/person
region
GDP per
capita
34547
Hebei
7663
Chongqi
ng
5157
Beijing
22460
Sitsang
7470
Shanxi
5137
Tianjin
17993
Hubei
7188
Qinghai
5087
Zhejiang
13461
Hainan
6894
Anhui
4867
Guangdong
12885
Jilin
6847
Jiangxi
4851
Jiangsu
11773
Inner
Mongolia
5872
Ningxia
4839
up
middle
region
down
up
do
wn
GDP per
capita
Fujian
11601
Hunan
5639
Sichuan
4784
Liaoning
11226
Henan
5444
Yunnan
4637
Shandong
9555
Sinkiang
4559
Hei Longjiang
8562
Shaanxi
4549
down
down
Guangxi
GDP per capita
of whole country
7078
4319
Gansu
3838
Guizhou
2662
My Suggestion
• In order to analyze and solve regional disparity, we propose to
combine the two methods to do classification,taking GDP per capita as
outline and provincial and geographic regionalization as item.
• Suggest country plan divides regions according to national income per
capita ,arrange the proposition of East,Middle,West and Minority
regions into income group.For example, east coastal regions in the
group of high income,middle-west regions and minority regions in the
group of middle-low and low income group.
Value of this Suggestion
• Through GDP per capita,combine all kinds of
regionalizations,form the steady framework
structure of regional economy analysis.And give
prominence to economic index.
• Convenient for meeting with international
economic analysis and statistic.This method is
from World Bank annual ”world development
report”,which is criterion modus operandi of
grouping and extend credit to each country.
Discussion Surrouding Regionalization Problems
• Do you have any regionalization
assumption? And your reason?
• If let you choose living location, what
elements do you consider?
• Are you interested in Regional Economics?
Note
• Regionalization is
important but is
complex.
• Understand your target,
define your criterion.
• Regionalization:is just
the beginning of
Regional Economics.
Best Wishes for You!