Transcript Industrial R&d: The Engine Behind Modern Economies

Innovation: The Key to
technology leadership
P. Anandan
Managing Director
Microsoft Research India
Long run growth in GDP is not so much due to capital
investment as due to Technological progress
Robert Solow, Nobel Prize Winner Economics
Innovation leading to increased productivity is
the fundamental source of increasing wealth in an
economy.
Source: Wikepedia
Technological Progress and Innovation
 Goal of innovation is make something new or do something better
 Innovation is the process of enabling effective and efficient solutions
to meet people’s needs
 Innovation begins in the lab and ends at the hands of the customer
 Innovation involves both R and D
Why R in Industry?
 Technology growth key to social development
 Technology growth drives economic growth
 Technology inventions central to quality of life
 No technology was invented accidentally
 No technology was developed overnight
 Perfecting the technology requires decades of investment
 Only industry can take ideas to completion
Microsoft’s Approach to Innovation
 Innovation in and through our products
 Microsoft Research
 Ecosystem support of partner innovation
R in support of D in Microsoft
 Every product group innovates during the course of the product
development
 Innovations include:
 New designs, architectures, frameworks
 Platform for software development
 Features in specific products
 Business innovations
The MSR Experience
MSR Mission Statement
 Expand the state of the art in each of the areas in which we do
research
 Rapidly transfer innovative technologies into Microsoft products
 Ensure that Microsoft products have a future
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Microsoft Research
 Established 1991
 ~1000 full-time staff
 Over 60 computer-science research areas represented
 Contributions to products at Microsoft
 Inventing the future
Microsoft Research locations :
Redmond, Washington, USA
(Sep, 1991)
Cambridge, United Kingdom
(July, 1997)
Beijing, China
(Nov, 1998)
Silicon Valley, California
(July, 2001)
Bangalore, India
(Jan, 2005)
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
(July, 2008)
Technology Transfer Impact
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Critical support technologies.

Opt. Technology enabled sim-ship of Win95/Office95.

Automated bug detection in Windows 2000.

Almost every aspect of Windows 7
Key technologies that drive products.

E.G., MS audio 4.0, ClearType, collaborative filtering, intelligent search, etc.

Bing is continually evolving through research collaboration
Incubated major products.

Windows streaming media.
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Windows CE, eBook.

Ecommerce, Datamining.

TabletPC

Surface

Speech processing
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Why did we come to India
 Strong engineering education, talent pool
 Growing economy and aspirations for R&D and innovation
 Interesting research topics stimulated by the socio-economic-cultural
environment
Microsoft Research India
The First Five Years
P. Anandan
Distinguished Scientist
& Managing Director
MSR India
People & Place

Full-time staff total: 56

Technical staff: 48
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34 with PhD (69%)
Total interns (5 years): ~430

Indian universities: 60%

Foreign universities: 40%

PhD candidates: 43%

Bachelors/Masters: 57%
Universities include…

IISc, IITs, BITS, DAIICT, IIITs, MIT, CMU, UC Berkeley,
UW, Yale, Cambridge, Chicago, Bristol, National
University of Singapore, Institute of Mathematical
Sciences, Oxford, Georgia Institute of Technology,
Princeton, New York University, University of
Maryland, McGill University, U. Cape Town, UC Santa
Barbara, U Michigan
Research Groups
 Algorithms and Search
 Cryptography, Security, and Applied Mathematics
 Mobility, Networks, and Systems
 Multilingual Systems
 Rigorous Software Engineering
 Technology for Emerging Markets
 Vision, Graphics, and Visualization
Publications
Award winning research
Paper count
100
 ACM Eugene Lawler Award
(Digital Study Hall)
 Best-paper awards in
 FSE
 ICTD
Papers per
year!
 COMSNETS
• TED Award
• First place in FIRE (Forum for
Information Retrieval Evaluation)
2009
• Joint winner in PASCAL VOC
Object Detection Challenge 2009
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0
5
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Technology Transfers from MSRI in 2009
 System Security

tools for diagnosing vulnerability to attacks
 Developer support

tools to improve programmer productivity:

Program verification, debugging
 Networking and cloud

efficient compression while protecting privacy for data transfers from data centers to
clients
 Search

Robust location of addresses in BING Maps
 Machine translation

Community creation of multilingual content
INNOVATIONS FROM INDIA
AT MSR
Multi-Mouse for Education

Problem: PCs in emerging-market
schools are used in a one-to-many
fashion.

Solution: Multiply the value of PCs by
allowing multiple USB mice to be
plugged into a PC, with each mouse
having a cursor on-screen with a
different color.

Children grasp the concept
immediately and show greater
engagement.

Deployed and distributed by
Microsoft product teams
Before
After
Digital Green
Problem: Agriculture extension
(transfer of expert knowledge to
farmers) is slow and difficult
Solution: Locally recorded videos of
good farming practices and ad hoc
screenings in villages
Stockholm Challenge Award 2008
Spun off as an independent non-profit
organization
Aiming to impact ~400,000 households
in 3 years
Digital Green video screening
in rural Karnataka
Work by Rikin Gandhi, Rajesh Veeraraghavan, Vanaja Ramprasad, Randy Wang, Kentaro Toyama
Robust Location Search
Goal
 Find regions on Earth that “best match”
freeform textual input
Examples

2nd main, 10th cross, Indira Nagar 1st stage, near
RTO office Bangalore 560038

... in Madrid, somewhere near calle de arroyofresno and
avenida de la llustracion

#67, विद्या अपार्ट मन्ट्स,
फॆस-3, डेली केन्टर्ान्टमन्टर्
Now Deployed in BING MAPS in several countries,
including parts of India
Fuzzy
Text
Index
Spatia
l Data
Repos
i-tory
Regio
n
Index
Search Engine
Debug Advisor
 Allow user to search diverse
repositories using a “fat query”
Has this bug or a similar
bug already been fixed
or studied somewhere
else?
What is already known
about this kind of bug?
Where should I start?
Who would be able to
help?
 Fat query allows user to simply
concatenate all the context for the
current bug
 Match fat query with all historical
data from repositories
 Deployed and actively used by
various MS product development
teams
External Research
Partner with Academia, Industry and Government
Strengthen CS
Research
Ecosystem
• Capacity
Building
• Communitywide
Research
Initiatives
Address Societal
Challenges
Empower with
Technologies
• Community
Engagement
• Social
Responsibility
• Help advance
research process
• Innovation
Innovation and R&D in the
world
Next Few Slides from this document
• Microsoft is the second
highest R&D investor in the
world: Euro 6.48B
(Toyota is number 1)
• Microsoft has been in the top
3 for several years, was
number 1 last year (Euro
5.58B)
• No Indian company in Top 50
(surprised?)
Other Indian companies include: Polaris, Prithvi, Mindtree, Reliance,
Ranbaxy, Infosys, BHEL, HCL, etc.
India and Innovation (in IT)
The Developed World
 Over 15,000 corporate labs in the US
 Employ over 750,000 scientists and engineers
 70% of the total number of such professionals
 Total R&D investment USD 150B
 Industry funds over 65% R&D conducted in US
 Ctsy: “Engines of Tomorrow” – Bob Buderi
Many models for success
 Bell Labs / AT&T
 GE
 IBM
 HP
 Xerox
 Siemens
 NEC
 Intel
 Microsoft
 Google
India Today
 Booming economy
 Growing consumer sector
 Large skilled labor population
 Rich investors
 Many Indian companies in Fortune 500
 The place to be!
Challenges
 Not enough R&D, mostly service sector work
 Very little basic research
 Changing values, easy job opportunities, easy money, changing
lifestyles
 Corruption still endemic
Real GDP growth
Percentage, 1991-2007
Changing Composition of India’s GDP
Indian Economy at a Glance
India
100%
80%
63%
60%
Developing
World Average
40%
19%
20%
18%
0%
Developed
World Average
Source: Usda.gov
FY80
Agriculture
FY90
FY02
Industry
FY08
Services
Source: RBI
The Indian economy has experienced rapid growth buoyed by a shift from an agriculture to a services-led economy
Source - NASSCOM
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NASSCOM DATA
OCTOBER, 2008
Next few slides from:
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STATISTICS AT A GLANCE: 2007-
08 MAJOR HIGHLIGHTS
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MINISTRY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Govt.of
India, Technology Bhawan, New Mehrauli Road, New
Delhi-110016, (INDIA)
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
Priorities
 Rapid upgrading of the college education system
 Increase number of qualified college professors
 Make academic careers rewarding
 Make research a requirement
 Get the industry into the R&D game
 Convince parents to encourage children to go into research
THANK YOU!