Transcript Country Report For Sustainable Rural Development

Country Report
For Sustainable Rural
Development
Mr. M.S. Premawansa
Secretary,
Ministry of Agriculture, Central Province
Sri Lanka
Introduction of Sri Lanka
• Sri Lanka is an inland
• Land Area – 65,610 km2
• 65% is not available for Agriculture
Introduction of Sri Lanka
•
Sri Lanka can be
divided in to 3 main
rainfall zones
1. Wet Zone
2. Intermidate Zone
3. Dry Zone
IM
Wet
Zone
Zone
Introduction of Sri Lanka
• The mean annual rainfall varies from about 750
mm in the dry areas to over 5000 mm in the
very wet areas for the entire country.
• The mean annual temperature of the country
ranges from about 17 oC in the central highlands
to 27.5 oC in the northern costal low lands.
01
General Information of the Country
Related to The Rural Development
01. General Information of the Country Related to
The Rural Development
• The total population increased from 5 million in
1948 to 20 million by 2008.
• The per capita land area has reduced to such a
low level that it is nearly impossible to sustain
the population on agriculture
01. General Information of the Country
Related to The Rural Development
• 85% belongs to rural
area
• 15% restricts to urban
area.
• most of the population
is belonged to rural areas
that means they are
highly agrarian based.
15%
85%
Rural
Urban
• Nearly 40% of the labour in the country finds
employment in agriculture sector
• above 1.8 million families are engaged in paddy
cultivation alone.
• In the dry zones, the lands are used for
cultivation for homestead gardens of settlers.
• The agricultural potentials of these soils are
very high.
• The low lands are used for paddy cultivations
• In the rural sector, soil utilization plays major
role in their socioeconomic development.
• wet zone of Sri Lanka supports the export
crops, tea, rubber, coconut, spices and orchard
crops which are responsible for about one
third of the present foreign exchange earnings.
• Unlike industry the record of reforms in
agriculture and rural development was quite
limited during last two decades. Due to that
agriculture sector in the country was not
developed so well. As a result poor populations
were increased and among those poor most of
them were in rural sector.
• More importantly, variation of input distribution
among the rural and urban, rural poverty rates are
highest in provinces
of the highest proportion
of agricultural house holds.
• These disparities are
also related with the rural
development.
• As a Example
• The western province has
the highest density of
roads in the Country, while electricity, education are
also in best condition comparing other provinces.
Percentage of the
headcount indices by districts
Province
Western
Central
Southern
District
Colombo
Gampaha
Kaluthara
kandy
Mathale
N'Eliya
Gall
Matara
Hambanthota
%
6
11
20
25
30
23
26
27
32
Percentage of the
headcount indices by districts
Province
North West
North Central
Uva
Sabaragamuwa
District
Kurunegala
Puttalama
Anuradapura
%
25
31
20
Polonnaruwa
Badulla
Monaragala
Rathnapura
Kegall
24
37
37
34
32
• Colombo district has the lowest poverty
incidence
• 6% of its population.
• Low poverty incidence in the western province
is largely due to the location of Colombo, where
most of Sri Lankan's economic activity is
concentrated accounting for half of the
country's GDP.
• 37% of the population in the district Badulla
and Monaragala are poor.
• Therefore, best sustainable rural development
programme is essential for the districts where
the poorest people are engaged.
02
Government Interventions on Rural
Development
• During the past experience in Sri Lanka the Several
steps had been taken by the Government to develop
rural areas.
• 1948 – 1970
• During this period Several rural tanks and Irrigation schemes were
rehabilitated by the Government.
• In dry zone number of colony named “GOVI JANAPADA” were
established .
• 1952 People Bank was established for the rural farmers aiming
agricultural finances.
• Food subsidies were given.
• Department of Rural Development was established and Rural
Development officers were attached to the AGA divisions of the
country.
• 1948 – 1970 cond...
• Rural Development Societies were formulated by the
RDO.
• Special projects, like Galoy valley, were started as a
development project.
• 1970 –to- 1977
• 1972 --- Agrarien Service Centers were established in
every D.O. Divisions to develop rural agriculture.
• 1972 --- “ THE LAND REFORM ACT ” was
introduced. According to this act Government took over
thousand of land from the private sector.
• 1970 –1977 cond...
• Piece of land (2 ha) was given to the poor
people and landless people those who lived in
rural area.
• In 1973 a new institute was introduced to
district level to implement rural development
program.
• 1976 --- “MAHAVELY” Project was started
and this project supply water for paddy fields
and other lowland which were in the dry zone.
•
• 1976 --- New Economy policy was Introduced
liberalized Economy.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Trade liberation.
import duties reduced, export duties abolished.
Accelerated “ MAHAVELY ” Project.
Village Housing Scheme called "GAMUDAWA" was introduced.
Garments factories were established in rural area.
“ JANASAVIYA ” Subsides program was started, and
“GRAMODAYA MANDALA ” village society was also established
in the all villages. The rural people joined
those
programmes and they worked as the labours forces.
• 1976 ---cond...
• In the year 1994 The new program was began for the
rural development. It is called “ SAMURDHI ”.
Government appoint one officer for every village to
implement this program.
• In 2005 several projects were introduced by the
government.
•
SOME OF THOSE PROJECTS
–
Maga Neguma •
–
Construction of villages roads.
Gama Neguma
•
•
Formulated “Jana Sabha” ,Every villages joined to
this society and they discuss and select the needs of
the village.
Agricultural Develpment programme.
03
Best Practices Concerning the
Rural Development
• Several
projects mentioned above were
implemented for the rural development.
Each of the above mentioned projects were time
bound and not sustainable.
•These projects were not interrelated each other.
•By considering Empowering of rural production,
social protection, development of subsidies
programme,
savings,
rural
infrastructure
development, forming of volunteer groups
“SAMURDHI” is a best implement practice of
rural development.
04
Problems and prospects in rural
development in your country
No
PROBLEM
PROPOSEL
01
Land Scarcity.
Implement land use policy.
02
Misfit between the inherited
road/Transport net work and
road in fracture needs.
Develop infrastructure roads,
irrigation and others.
03
Under employment or
unemployment.
Establish new Industries in rural
areas (Agro base industries)
04
Informal credit market in the
rural areas with non
institutional lenders and
borrowers with low credit
worthiness. Hence high
interest rate. Modern sector
fails to absorb the rural
surplus labour.
Promote Rural Banks or
cooperative banks.
05
Environmental Problems.
Develop those lands for
Economic potentialities of wet Eco--Tourism
lands not exploited.
No
PROBLEM
PROPOSEL
06
Price fluctuation for Rural products
The polu should be run on
developmental criteria.
Maximizing/ establishing from
products prices.
Storage facilities are essential for the
Farmers.
07
Bank credit does not penetrate down to the
poorer classes in the rural sector to provide
the finance to promote their investment
activities.
Demand Side
Group lending Schemes.
Introduce mobile banks.
08
Informal lobour market of the rural sector
with low wages due to low lobour
productivity.
Encourage them selves to organize.
09
Low productivity in small industries in rural
area.
Establish crat villages.
Train unemployed youth generation.
10
Women ISSUSES
 Their affective
participation in Economic and
Social activities are week due to
their poverty, lack of awareness.
Make awareness Programms.