Transcript WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT (1999/2000)

Urban Sustainable
Development Cases
KARACHI
TANZANIA
27.2.2002
Adrià Bonell - GEO 302
KARACHI
Pakistan's major
metropolis
–
–
–
–
Commercial capital
11 million inhabitants
8% of country's total
population
4.8% of annual growth
rate
Legal Housing Development System
Too ambitious goverment regulations
Large plot sizes and rights-of-way, high
standards (materials and infraestructure)
Delays in extending trunk infrastructure
HIGH
PRICES
Lack of appropiate roads, piped water and
sewerage
Impossibility to obtain mortgage
financing
For low- and and middle-income households
LOW
PURCHASE
CAPACITY
KATCHI ABADIS
The unplanned settlements created by
the informal sector in order to overcome
goverment's inability to supply cheap
housing
1/2 the city's people are living in them
Double city's average growth rate (9%)
Katchi Abadis - Problems
Insecurity of property
Not incentive to invest in infrastructure
Informal sector lacks technical capacity
Low quality facilities => Natural disasters risk
Illegal dumping of wastes and
inadequate sewage treatment
Dangerous health conditions => Epidemics
Recommended Changes (i)
Goverment has to recognize the Katchi Abadis
as a reality (not a temporary situation)
Incorporate existing informal-built facilities into the
overall housing planning
Nurture goverment-communities trust
Promote positive interactions to find out actual
residents' needs
Rationalize overlaping responsabilities (city,state
and federal agencies) to strenghten accountability
Recommended Changes (ii)
Decrease regualtory housing requirements
Housing must meet public health and safety
conditions, but not be so elaborate that it raises
unecessarily the price of housing.
The public sector should limit its activity to
areas in which has a comparative advantage
Improve property rights adjudication and
registration
Provide the necessary trunk infrastructure
Allow low-income residents to apply for credit
collectively
TANZANIA
Cultivating Rural-Urban
Linkages
The Region:
SUB-SAHARA
The weakest overall
growth of all the
developing regions
Increasingly
marginalised in the
global economy
The world's heaviest
debt burden
TANZANIA
The 6 main cities
generate 30% of GDP
75% of all Tanzanians
live in rural areas
Agriculture accounts
for over 50% of GDP
It Is Necessary to Increase Rural
Productivity … and Market Access
 Technology level
 Economic wealth
 Rural productivity
 Industrialisation
 Incomes
 Demand for
manufactured
products
City-Rural Linkages Can Help
 PRODUCTIVITY:
Acquire new technical knowledge
Build channels to bring this new technology
to the rural economy
 MARKET ACCESS:
Enable access of agricultural products to city
markets
Acquire new technical knowledge
Improve education and research services
To be informed about new technology advances
Promote a secure and open business
environment (i.e. macroeconomic stability,
liberalization, effective legal rules)
 ATTRACT
Foreign investors with access to better equipment,
inputs and technology.
Reverse migration with knowledge and capital
earned abroad
Bring the new technology to the rural
economy
Create technology diffusion services
Private businesses, government research
institutes and media
Features
Directed to the most innovative groups
Avoid too specialized, top down management
Client driven and customized to particular
needs of each group
Enable access to city markets
Only 30% of agricultural output
is currently marketed
Build new infrastructure
Strengthen the road system
Establish support networks that create
trusting relationshps between city businesses
and rural producers
Formal legal and insurance contracts
Ties of ethnicity, religion and kinship (e.g. Muslim
and Asian communities)
Thank you !
Questions ?
27.2.2002
Adrià Bonell - GEO 302