Transcript Implementation of the Clean Development

Kyoto ImplementationOpportunities for
Bosnia and Herzegovina
The UNFCCC Focal Point for Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ministry of Physical Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology,
Banja Luka
Presenter: Mr. Borislav Jaksic
Head of The Climate Change Steering Committee of Bosnia and Herzegovina
and Assistant Minister for ecology MPPCEE RS
Komitet/Potkomitet BiH
Steering Committee and Sub-Committee of Bosnia and Herzegovina
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
National flag:
Land area= 51,209 km2
Population (Census,
1991) = 4,377, 033 /85,5
inh. per km2
km2
Country’s Human
Development Index in
2001 was 0,777;
indicating its mediumscale development
(UNDP, 2002)
Komitet/Potkomitet BiH
Steering Committee and Sub-Committee of Bosnia and Herzegovina
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Country is positioned in
SEE region, Balkan
Peninsula, bordering to
the N, W, and SW to
Croatia (932 km ), and to
the east to Serbia and
Montenegro (606 km).
13 km long coastline
along the Adriatic Sea
around the town of Neum
Territorial organisation
differs in two entities.
Republic of Srpska has
municipal structure (64
municipalities), while
Federation B&H consists
of 10 cantons
Komitet/Potkomitet BiH
Steering Committee and Sub-Committee of Bosnia and Herzegovina
CLIMATE
CHARACTERISTICS
The country is situated between the continental and Mediterranean
climatic zones , which creates three local climatic areas: the northern
inland territory, with a moderate continental climate, the mountain
areas, ranging from mountainous to semi-Alpine climate and the
southern Adriatic-Mediterranean areas with warm summers and mild
winters.
The mountain areas, with altitude of 700 m and above, have the annual
precipitation between 1,500 and 2,500 mm
Adriatic-Mediterranean climate areas have the average precipitation of
600-800 mm
The main river is Sava (331 km within B&H), which runs along the
northern border, comprising the main stream of predominating Danube
River Basin. One third of the river catchments area belongs to the Adriatic
River Basin, flowing to the south.
Komitet/Potkomitet BiH
Steering Committee and Sub-Committee of Bosnia and Herzegovina
LAND USE and RESOURCES
Land cover:
Other
22%
Arable land
14%
Permanent crops
5%
Meadows and
pastures
20%
Forest and
woodland
39%
Source : USA Department of Defence 1993 est.
Land use in B&H (data from 1993)
forest and woodland 39%,
meadows and pastures 20%.
14 % of the land is arable, with
5% under permanent crops
Before the war, agricultural
production was significant,
although country still relied on
imports of important staples
Natural resources include
deposits of minerals ( salt,
manganese, silver, lead,
copper, iron, chromium and
coal)
Komitet/Potkomitet BiH
Steering Committee and Sub-Committee of Bosnia and Herzegovina
ECONOMIC FEATURES
Before the civil war,
economic structure
was diversified, with
share of mining in total
GDP of 14%, and
well developed
tourism
100%
90%
38.5
41.5
80%
70%
60%
9.8
50%
12.8
12.2
15.8
13.2
40%
10.3
30%
20%
23.0
22.7
10%
0%
1999
2000
Industry
Agriculture
Transport
Other
Construction
Source : UNECE common statistical database, 2003.
(% of total GDP by sector in 1999 and 2000)
Foreign trade
dramatically declined
after the war, exports
dropped four times
from the pre-war 2
billion USD, whilst
imports rose from 1, 7
billion USD to the
present level of about
2, 8 billion USD
Komitet/Potkomitet BiH
Steering Committee and Sub-Committee of Bosnia and Herzegovina
MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
Indicator
Consumer price index (annual average % change)
GDP (% change)
Unemployment rate (% of labour force)
1995
-14.5
..
..
1996
-20.3
54.2
..
1997
8.6
36.6
39.0
1998
6.8
15.4
38.7
1999
-0.7
9.5
39.0
2000
1.4
5.4
39.4
2001
2.1
4.5
39.9
2002
1.0
3.7
42.7
Source : UNECE. Common Statistical Database, 2003.
An important feature of the economic development is the disparity between the
entities – the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska.
According to World Bank estimates, per capita GDP in 2001 in Republika
Srpska was approximately 60% of that in the Federation – US$ 873 and US$
1,453, respectively. Average monthly net wages that year were KM 305 and
KM 433, respectively. Disparities also exist within the entities, particularly in
the Federation, which is highly decentralized
Komitet/Potkomitet BiH
Steering Committee and Sub-Committee of Bosnia and Herzegovina
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND
IMPACTS TO THE ENVIRONMENT
(source: National Environmental Action Plan for B&H-NEAP, 2002)
Structure and dynamics of economic development in B&H have
had a significant impact on the environment in the past and in
current times
Post-war period is characterized with the country reconstruction,
transition of economy and tendency towards adoption of new
developmental and environmental care
Komitet/Potkomitet BiH
Steering Committee and Sub-Committee of Bosnia and Herzegovina