Transcript Agriculture in Uzbekistan

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY
SPECIAL EDUCATION
REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
TERMEZ STATE UNIVERSITY
AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN
peculiarities and development
TERMEZ - 2014
Agriculture is an important sector of the economy of
Uzbekistan.
Nearly 90% of the food products consumed by the
population is produced in the agrarian sector.
Uzbekistan is situated in a favorable territory of CA
and possesses natural climatic conditions. As well, daily
efficient temperature is 26-30°C on average and total
sunny hours is more than 3600.
This natural conditions gives an opportunity to
produce quality agricultural products and to yield crop
several times during one year.
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GDP in Uzbekistan as well as the production volume of agricultural
products is increasing year by year in a stable manner as a result of
economic reforms being carried out by the government.
The rate of production volume of agricultural products and GDP in Uzbekistan
(in percentage):
2000
year
2008
year
2009
year
2010
year
2011
year
2012
year
2013
year
GDP
8,4
9,0
8,1
8,5
8,3
8,2
8,0
Contribution of
agriculture in
GDP
30,1
19,7
18,6
18,0
17,6
17,5
16,8
Production of
agricultural
products
3,2
4,5
5,7
6,8
6,6
7,0
6,8
Index
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-
7 million 800 thousand tons of grain,
-
3 million 360 thousand tons cotton
was produced in Uzbekistan in 2013.
8 million 400 thousand tons of
vegetables, as well as over
At the moment Uzbekistan takes
the 6th place in terms of cotton
production and 2nd place in terms of its
export.
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940 thousand tons of grain was produced in
the early period of independence and we had to
import around 4.5 million tons of grain for the
purpose of supplying the internal demand for the
most important product of the population .
At present the grain produced in Uzbekistan
meets the demand of the population at full and is
exported partially as well.
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Dynamics of the main agricultural crops productivity changes
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per capita in Uzbekistan, quintal per hectare
The dynamics of agriculture production per person in Uzbekistan, in kg
In practice, кg
Types of
products
Per
norm,
кg
2013
In 1991 per
norm, %
1991
2013
Fruit
56,4
24,0
67,5
Grapes
25,6
24,0
40,0
42,6
93,8
Vegetables
113,0
138,6
259,0
Potatoes
50,6
15,1
68,5
Melon/cucumbe
r etc,
19,3
39,0
47,3
122,6
29,8
202,1
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Per measure, As for 1991,
%
%
119,7
281,2
156,3
166,7
229,2
186,9
135,4
453,6
245,1
121,3
Structure of production according to the types of
agricultural products in 2013, in percentage
Пахта хом-ашёси;
9,7
Тухум; 2,9
Сут; 11,7
Ғалла; 9,4
Картошка; 9,0
Гўшт; 25,3
Сабзавот; 17,7
Мева; 4,9
Полиз; 2,1
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Based on the analysis of economic reforms
progress carried out step by step in agriculture of
Uzbekistan the following basic directions can be
figured out:
*Reforms in the relations of land and water
treatment;
*Reforms in the relations of property and content;
*Reforms in the field of finance-credit, tax and
insurance;
*Reforms in the system of price formation and its
liberalization.
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*Reforms in the relations of land and water
treatment carried out in agriculture of our
Republic is meant to treat efficiently landwater resources, to improve the melioration
state of the land, to increase soil productivity,
to develop the relations of land rent and land
tax.
*The main attention is given, first of all, to
privatize, to the different property types,
basically to establish farming and peasantry
based on private propertyship In the propertycontent reforms being carried out in the field
of agriculture.
*
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Reforms are carried out in the field of
insurance, taxation and financing of agrarian
field. In financing the agriculture preferential
crediting system is established for farmers
producing products for the necessity of the
country. This preferential credit is given
through banks from the special fund
established under the Ministry of Finance and
its annual interest rate is 3%. In fact,
refinancing rate is 10% in Uzbekistan.
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Taxation system of entrepreneurship entities acting in
agriculture is also developing. Since 1999, a single land tax is
implemented instead of the previous 8 taxes. The
implementation of this tax created convenience for farmers
in terms of its calculation and payment process. Besides, this
tax determines the basis according to the land quality rating,
the distance between the land area and the centre of the
district, water supply level, type of the crop.
At present this tax rate is 6% of the land measure
value.
Reforms on price formation and its liberalization in agrarian
sector are meant to implement free market relations step by
step in determination of the prices for agricultural products.
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