Transcript Peter Msola

UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE
IADGS/ MDGS: THE TANZANIA NATIONAL
REPORT
PRESENTATION AT ECOSOC MEETING
IN NEW YORK
on 2nd July 2008
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
1.
2.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Introduction
The National Development Strategy
Key Strategic Successes in Implementation
CB and Scaling up: Challenges and Lessons
Building Partnerships
Financing Requirements
Conclusions and Way Forward
INTRODUCTION

The 2005 World Summit mandated the
United Nations Economic and Social Council
(ECOSOC) to undertake an annual
ministerial-level substantive review (AMR) of
progress in the implementation of the
internationally agreed development goals
(IADGs), including the MDGs.

In this context Tanzania volunteered to
prepare a national report in order to share its
experience with others
OBJECTIVES
The Objectives:
 International
community
to
understand Tanzania’s policies
and experience
 Provide feedback to Tanzania on
its performance
 Share with others our lessons
from experience
The NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY

Key Features and relationship to IADGs:

Vision 2025/Vision 2020
•
•
Quest for direction following several years of
Structural adjustment and stabilization
Programmes
Five attributes of Vision 2025
•
•
•
•
•
Quality of life
Peace, security and unity
Good governance and rule of law,
Educated and learning society
Strong and competitive economy
The NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY


Having dwelled on macroeconomic stabilization for a
decade, Tanzania started to address poverty as a
major policy concern in 1996 within the framework of
the macroeconomic policies which were being
implemented.
These initiatives started with the formulation of the
National Poverty Eradication Strategy (NPES) in
1997 and the subsequent PRSP process in 1999
and 2000 which produced the Poverty Reduction
Strategy Paper (PRSP) and Zanzibar Poverty
Reduction Plan (ZPRP) in order to gain access to
the HIPC debt relief resources.
The NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY-2

Poverty Reduction Strategies
• (i) PRSP/ZPRP: First Generation PRS
• (ii) (MKUKUTA and MKUZA: second
generation PRS
• Initiative taken to incorporate IADGs
including MDGs
THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY-3

Figure 1: Major clusters of poverty reduction
outcomes.
Reduction of Poverty
Growth & reduction of
income poverty
Improved quality of life
& social well-being
Good governance &
accountability
THE NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY-4

4.1.3 Sectoral Policies and LGAs
• Implementation
through
Strategic
Plans, SWAps, MTEFs and PERs and
annual budgets.
• Decentralisation
policy
(District
development plans, DADPs
THE NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY-5

Progress in Implementation:
 Participation in policy making
 PRS as a guiding framework
 Aligning PRS to budget
 Costing PRS initiated
 Monitoring system developed
• evolution from PMS to MMS
 MKUKUTA Annual implementation report
 Strategic policy brief to Parliament
 National surveys
 Poverty policy week,
 PHDR and Status Reports
 Views of the people report
Key Strategic Successes
and challenges-1

Goal 1: Eradication of poverty and hunger
 Average growth of 7% in recent years is still below 810% envisaged
 35.9% still live below the poverty line (modest decline
in poverty but more recent data is expected soon).
 Challenges
• Translating growth to poverty reduction
• Growth in agricultural GDP is lower than average-risk of
rural poverty persisting
• Malnutrition persists
• Hunger could worsen with food crisis
• Getting recent data
Key Strategic Successes
and challenges-2

Goal 2: Achieving UPE
 Achievements
• UPE basically achieved after removing fees for primary
education in 2001
• Gender parity achieved
• PEDP contributed to success.

Challenges
• quality and performance
• More teachers and facilities needed to cope with UPE
(quality?)
• Creativity and innovativeness good for competitive
labour market
• Adult illiteracy still high and adult education still lagging
behind.
Key Strategic Successes
and challenges-3

Goal 3:Gender equality
 Achievements:
• ratio of girls to boys in schools has improved
• The share of women in public service increased
• Amended and is implementing the Constitution’s
provision for a minimum of 30 percent of women
members of parliament in the National Assembly. Target
has been achieved
• Good progress in terms of high level positions at
Cabinet and Permanent Secretary level
• Good progress has been made in gender budgeting

Challenges
• Share of girls drops at higher levels of education
(though the situation is improving)
Key Strategic Successes
and challenges-4

Goal 4: Reducing child mortality

Achievements:
• Under-five mortality declined from 112 per 1000 in
2000 to 68 in 2006
• Infant mortality rate declined from 95 to 68
• Vaccination increased from 78.2% to 82.5%

Challenges:
• Diseases are still a major factor
• Malnutrition is a factor
Key Strategic Successes
and challenges-5

Goal 5: Improving maternal health

Achievements:
• No significant change

Challenges:
• Impact of HIV/AIDS though prevalence
rates are declining
• Poor health and malnutrition
Key Strategic Successes
and challenges-6

Goal 6: Combating HIV/AIDS, Malaria and
other diseases

Achievements
• Declining prevalence rate
• Wider use of ARVs
• Awareness increased with the national campaign

Challenges
•
•
•
•
Reliability of data in question
Burden on the health system
Burden the economy (esp. household level)
Caring for orphans
Key Strategic Successes
and challenges-7

Goal 7:Environmental Sustainability
 Achievements
•
•
•
•
•
Environmental concerns have also been
mainstreamed in the MKUKUTA/MKUZA, and sectoral
policies have been reviewed to incorporate
environmental concerns and the management of
biodiversity in particular.
The URT government has ratified and is implementing
international environmental conservations treaties.
The URT government is committed to promoting
community participation in environmental
management activities
Regional environmental programmes implemented
International Environmental Treaties ratified and are
being implemented
Key Strategic Successes
and challenges-7a
• Access to safe water increased from 68%
in 2000 to 78% in 2006/07 in urban areas
and 49% to 55.7% in rural areas.
• Sanitation improved (access from 91.6 in
2002 to 98.5% in 2005.
• Improved human settlements but not yet
adequate to cope with the high rate of
urbanization.
Key Strategic Successes
and challenges-8

Challenges
• Rate of deforestation still high
• Slums and sanitation are still a problem
given the high rate of urbanization
• Use of biomass based fuel still persisting
as alternative sources of energy are slow
to take over.
Key Strategic Successes
and challenges-9

Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for
Development

Achievements
• Developing TAS and JAST
• IMG as good practice instrument for mutual
accountability
• Debt relief through HIPC and improved debt
management

Challenges
• High level of aid dependence persists
• Creation of decent jobs lagging
Building national Capacity and
Scaling up Successes-1

Key challenges are identifies as follows:





(i) Under funding is the main challenge of all sectors of the
Tanzania economy;
(ii) progress has been made in poverty reduction but progress in
this area needs to be stepped up to combat both the large
proportion of the rural poor as well as meet the rising challenges
of urban poverty.
(iii) Achievements in education needs to be better linked to the
changing demands of the labour market;
(iv) gender inequality continues to be a major challenge at higher
levels of education and in terms of economic empowerment while
maternal health care remains an area of great concern;
(v) child and maternal mortality are still high posing a major to
the health system as a whole compounded by HIV and AIDS
Building national Capacity and
Scaling up Successes-2

Challenges




(vi) HIV and AIDS pandemic has been declared as
catastrophe in Tanzania. Although the rate of new
infections has declined the main challenge is to continue to
raise the level of knowledge on the pandemic and
translating that knowledge into behavioural change. The
challenge of stigma and discrimination also deserves
special attention.
(vii) the environmental sustainability challenges have
increased in almost all dimensions due to low general level
of education and inadequate attention to developing
alternative sources of energy for use especially in rural
areas. Challenges
(viii Environmental challenges persist
(ix) Social protection for the poor and vulnerable groups still narrow.
Building national Capacity and
Scaling up Successes-3

Poverty Processes:
•
•
•
consultation is important for subsequent
positive impact of policy,
growth is a necessary (but not sufficient)
condition for poverty reduction in medium and
long term and that it is important to development
a comprehensive monitoring system.
These lessons was taken on board more
explicitly in the second generation of poverty
reduction strategies. Need to mobilize more
effectively against poverty and inequality
especially by broadening growth and social
protection
Building national Capacity
and Scaling up Successes-4

Governance and accountability:
• an underlying condition for growth and
reduction of poverty,
• The URT government is committed and
hence promoted good governance,
democracy and rule of law;
• anti-corruption strategy and action plan
measures at both the central and local
government levels.
• Reinforcing M&E
Building national Capacity
and Scaling up Successes-4

Managing aid relationships: Six lessons:
• (i) the establishment of an independent
mechanism has facilitated strengthening of
ownership;
• (ii) acquiring greater policy space is a process
which involves many actors and it takes time;
• (iii) there is need to balance appropriately the
firmness on implementing agreed actions and
flexibility to be inclusive in terms of bringing more
players on board.
Building national Capacity
and Scaling up Successes-5
• (iv) managing for results can be implemented if
an effective monitoring and evaluation system is in
place;
• (v) there is a limit to which one country can
successfully manage a whole donor community
suggesting that collective action on the part of aid
recipient countries can play an important role in
making progress in negotiations over critical
points of action;
• (vi) an exit strategy from high levels of
dependence should be considered from an early
stage even if a country may need higher levels of
aid in order to build the domestic capacity for
managing with less aid in a future date. Lessons
learned
Building national Capacity
and Scaling up Successes-6
Improving the business climate for
growth and employment creation
broadly.
 Strategic positioning in global trade

Building partnerships

DPs to continue financial and technical support, share experiences
and facilitate capacity building








Continue to improve the quality of aid and aid effectiveness: ensure
effective functioning of DCF)
Open up markets (remove subsidies on agricultural products and
tariffs on import tariffs of agricultural products (esp. EU and Japan)
and stop food export bans)
More Aid for Trade- Support capacity to export by addressing
supply constraints and enhancing quality to enable Tanzania reap
the benefits of more open trade.
Coordinate macroeconomic policies to support pro-poor growth
Act collectively on climate change
Strengthen partnership started under the Innovation Fair
(governments, private sector and civil society) for meet IADGs.
Government to improve coordination in implementation of policies,
improve M&E systems and improve domestic resource mobilization
Non-sate sectors and communities: improve participation,
adaptation and adoption of policies at implementation level.
Financial requirements

Resource mobilization
 Scale up aid to meet international aid commitments
 Improve the quality and effectiveness of aid
• To allow flexibility to spend on essential economic and
social infrastructure to meet IADGs
• Improve predictability
Scale up domestic resource mobilization
 Ensure full integration of public resources (aid and
budget)
Resource costing
 Improve costing and prioritization
 Improve estimates of resource requirements


Conclusion and Way
Forward





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Tanzania has lessons to share with other countries
Tanzania has made deliberate efforts to ensure that
IADGs are mainstreamed in the national development
strategy.
Lessons from the first generation of PRS have shown
that there is need to add growth and governance
dimensions to more effectively address poverty concerns
Tanzania is aware that growth is necessary for poverty
reduction but is not automatic (it has to be broadly shared
and inequality addressed)
Positive lessons from TAS, IMG, and JAST
Partnership with civil society and private sector has
progressed but more needs to realize complementarity
and enhance accountability.
Conclusion and Way
Forward-2



Universal primary education has been achieved and good
progress has been made in other levels of education through
special programmes, community initiatives, private sector
participation and action on fees to enhance access( removal at
primary school level, remission at secondary school fees and
loans at tertiary education level. The challenge is in improving
quality and alignment to the labour market needs. Education
quality and structure (creativity and innovativeness enhanced)
SWAps in health sector have helped to address sector-wide
issue, user fees have been a positive experience. Have learned
the need to strengthen the health system as a whole and
supportive sectors such as sanitation, nutrition and public
education.
Good progress has been made in articulating national
development strategies and sectoral policies but the challenge
of making sure they percolate to district and community levels
and ensuring two-way feedbacks and flow of information
remains.
Conclusion and Way
Forward-3




Addressing the food crisis: need to enhance
capacity for supply response
Domestic resource mobilization (broaden the
revenue base and complete financial sector
reform to ensure broader access to financial
services)
Productivity increase through S&T and
innovations
Transformation of the economy and
positioning in the regional and global
economy
Conclusion and Way
Forward-4

Areas likely to meet MDGs:




universal education; gender equality
in primary and secondary education
and
reduction in child mortality.
improving aid relationships as part of
the global partnerships.
safe water for drinking and
sanitation.
Conclusion and Way
Forward-5

Areas of concern:



Tanzania is unlikely to achieve MDGs in the areas of
poverty and malnutrition, maternal health, improving life in
slums, environment and decent employment especially
among the youth unless new initiatives are taken to change
the current trends.
Hunger and malnutrition challenges are been aggravated by
the current food price increases in the world market.
However this could be an opportunity for Tanzania, being a
largely agricultural economy provided adequate supply
response in agriculture can be achieved.
Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and related diseases and
efforts to attain environmental sustainability will need to be
stepped beyond current trends if the targets are to be
achieved by 2015.