Transcript Definitions - OAS :: Department of Conferences and Meetings

Special Security Concerns of the
Small Island States of the
Caribbean – Natural and Man Made
Disasters
Elizabeth Riley
Deputy Executive Director
Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency
Via videoconference
April 22, 2013
Presentation Overview
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CDEMA
Non-Traditional Security issues in
Caribbean SIDS
CARICOM Regional Crime and
Security Strategy
Actions Taken
Way Forward
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What is CDEMA?
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Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management
Agency (CDEMA - formally CDERA) is the regional
inter-governmental Agency responsible for disaster
management in the Caribbean Community
(CARICOM)
CDERA established in 1991 by an Agreement of
Heads of Government of CARICOM
September 1, 2009 – official date of transition from
CDERA to CDEMA
18 Participating States – Haiti and Suriname joined
September 1, 2009
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CDEMA Participating States
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Special Security Considerations
of Caribbean SIDS - Definitions
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Environmental Security –
Those environmental problems or
challenges which may create or add
instability in a geopolitical region
Caribbean Context
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Environmental security non-traditional
but not new in the Caribbean
A component of the larger regional
security challenge – lessons to be learnt
Vulnerability of small states of the
Caribbean
Variations in magnitude and timeframe
Security areas addressed
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Instability caused by
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Natural systems
Man made interventions
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Accidental
Intentional
Instability potentially caused
by natural systems
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Natural Hazards
 Caribbean region is very prone to natural (and
man-made) hazards
Implications of Climate variability & change
 Amplification of hydro meteorological hazards –
intensity & extremes
 Amplification of vulnerability – economic, social
and environmental
 Uncertainty …
Natural Hazards of Concern in the
Caribbean Level
Regional Natural Hazards in
Focus
Source
Phenomena
Hydrometeorological
Hurricanes
Wind Storms
Storm surges
Floods
Seismic &
Geological
Volcanic activity
Earthquakes
Mass movements
Tsunamis
Biological
Epidemics
Pandemics
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Instability – potentially through
Man-made interventions
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Accidental
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Oil spills
Hazard materials eg. Nuclear
transshipments
Instability – Potentially through
Man-made interventions
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Intentional
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Acts of Terror
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Biological weapons
Chemical agents
Use of explosive devices
2011-2012 EVENTS IN CDEMA PS
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Drought
Aircraft crashes
Landslides
Volcanic Eruption
Tropical Storms and Hurricanes
Earthquake
Fires
Tsunami (scare)
Selected Hazard Impacts in
the Caribbean
TIME
PLACE
DISASTER
IMPACT
1988
1989
Jamaica
5 countries
Hurricane Gilbert 65% GDP
Hurricane Hugo US$412 M
1999
Dominica
Hurricane Lenny 53% GDP
2004
2004
2004
Haiti & DR
Grenada
Jamaica
Flooding
Hurricane Ivan
Hurricane Ivan
270 deaths
US$895 M
US$592 M
2005
Guyana
Flooding
60% GDP
2010
Saint Lucia Hurricane Tomas 334M US$
Various sources: Collated by
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CDEMA
Hazard Impacts – Ivan 2004
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CARICOM Crime and
Security Strategy
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Adopted at the 24th Inter-Sessional
Meeting of the Conference of Heads of
Government of CARICOM, Haiti,
February 2013
Goal – “To significantly improve citizen
security by creating a safe, just and
free Community and improving the
economic viability of the Region”
CARICOM Crime and
Security Strategy
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Natural Disasters Categorized as Tier 2
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Substantial Threats: These are both likely
and high-impact
Strategic Goal 13: Improve Resilience to
Natural and Man-Made Disasters
Strategic Goal 14: Promote Resilient
Critical Infrastructure Management and
Safety at Major Events
Special Security Considerations of
Caribbean SIDS - Characteristics
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Environmental security – transnational in
character
Several actors operating at national, regional and
international levels
Roles and functions to be managed in a
comprehensive manner
(Fergusson 2001)
Requirements to address
these challenges …
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Multi agency approach
Incorporation of non-traditional actors
Additional capacity
Complex information sharing and
communication landscape
Implications for consequence
management
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Issues examined in relation to disaster
management
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Threat assessment
Alert monitoring
Strategic Approaches
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Harmonizing existing structures
Application of technology to support decision
making
Management and organizational structures
Link to the CDM
CDM in Context
Global and Regional Agendas:
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Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015
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CARICOM Regional Programming Framework
2005 – 2015
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Caribbean Single Market and Economy
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St. George’s Declaration of Principles for
Environmental Sustainability (Organization of
Eastern Caribbean States)
3/29/2016
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Comprehensive Disaster Management
(CDM) – A space for engagement
All phases
• Prevention, preparedness,
recovery
• Mitigation & response
Empowerment of
partners
All hazards &
climate change
• lead dissemination and
• advocacy
• Natural and
• Man-made
Strategic partner
alliances eg.
Disaster risk
reduction
• CTO
• CHA
• ACS
• planning
• policy
Culture of safety
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CDM Governance Structure
CDM
Coordination &
Harmonization
Council
CDM Database
Sub-Committee
Council
CDEMA
Executive
Director
TAC
CDM Monitoring,
Evaluating & Reporting
Sub-Committee
Education
Agriculture
Tourism
Civil Society
Finance
Health
Sector
Sector
Sector
Sector
Sector
Sector
CDM Strategy Summary
Goal
Regional Sustainable Development enhanced
through Comprehensive Disaster Management
Purpose
To strengthen regional, national and community
level capacity for the mitigation, management
and coordinated response to natural and
anthropological hazards, and the effects of
climate change
3/29/2016
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CDM Strategy and Results
Framework
GOAL
Regional Sustainable Development through CDM
PURPOSE
‘To strengthen regional, national and community level capacity for mitigation,
management, and coordinated response
to natural and technological hazards, and the effects of climate change.
OUTCOME 1:
OUTCOME 2:
OUTCOME 3:
OUTCOME 4:
Enhanced
institutional support
for CDM Program
implementation at
national and
regional levels
An effective
mechanism and
programme for
management of
comprehensive
disaster
management
knowledge has
been established
Disaster Risk
Management has
been
mainstreamed at
national levels and
incorporated into
key sectors of
national economies
Enhanced
community
resilience in
CDEMA states/
territories to
mitigate and
respond to the
adverse effects of
climate change
and disasters
3/29/2016
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CDEMA Actions
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Country Focused Programming
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Deeper understanding of national context
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Priority needs identification driving support
Creating an Enabling Environment for CDM
Implementation
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CDM Legislation, Policy, Strategy
Model Tools and Products
3/29/2016
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CDEMA Actions
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Operational Readiness
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Regional Response Mechanism – Plan Development,
review and exercising
Role of Sub-Regional Focal Points
Strategic Alliances and Partnerships
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MOU’s with CARICOM IMPACS and Regional Security
System
Capture value added of competitive niches
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Governance
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Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting
3/29/2016
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Areas for consideration
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Overarching Context of Resilience is key
 Governance Arrangements to effect this
Consolidation and strengthening of existing
Mechanisms
Engagement of non-traditional development actors –
South-South Cooperation
Inter-regional Partnerships (CEPREDENAC; CAPADRE;
MERCOSUR)
Hemispheric Humanitarian Initiatives
Sharing of lessons