Transcript The World’s People - Rockvale Middle School

WARM UP FOR MONDAY!

On your warm up sheet answer the
following questions:
– What is culture?
– What branch of geography does culture fall
under? (You should know this from a previous
chapter!)
The World’s
People
Culture
What is Culture?
Culture is the set of
beliefs, values, and
practices that a
group of people has in
common.
 Includes aspects of life,
such as:

–
–
–
–
Language
Religion
Clothing
Food
Culture Traits
A culture trait is
an activity or behavior
in which people often
take part.
 Some culture traits are
shared around
the world.
 Some culture traits
change from place
to place. (Ex- how
people around the
world eat)

Development of Culture


Culture traits are often learned or
passed down from one generation to
the next.
– Within families as traditions,
foods, or holiday customs
– Laws and moral codes within
societies
Cultures develop as people learn
new culture traits.
– Immigrants who move to a new
country
 Other factors, such as history and
environment, also affect how cultures
develop.
Culture Groups

A culture region is an
area in which people have
many shared culture traits,
such as religious beliefs,
language, or lifestyle.
– A single culture region can
dominate an entire
country.
– A single country may
include more than one
culture region
within its borders.
– A culture region may
stretch across
country borders.
Examples of Culture Regions
 A single culture region can dominate an
entire country.
 In Japan, nearly everyone speaks the same
languages and follows the same practices such as
bowing as a sign of respect
 A single country may include more than
one culture regions within its borders.
 In Mexico, Northern Mexico tends to be more modern
and the South is more traditional
 A culture region may cross country
borders.
 Arab culture dominates much of Southwest Asia and
Northern Africa.
Cultural Diversity

Often, culture regions are based on
ethnic groups— groups of
people who share a common
culture and ancestry.

Cultural diversity is the
state of having a variety of
cultures in the same area.
– Creates an interesting mix of
ideas, behaviors, and
practices
– Can sometimes lead to
conflict
Changes in Culture

Two major causes for
cultural change
– Innovation- a new idea
or way of doing something
 Ex- Invention of the
telephone changed how
people communicated with
other people.
 Internet changed the way
people fin information,
communicate, shop, etc.
– Contact with other
people
How Ideas Spread

The spread of culture traits
from one region to another is
called cultural
diffusion.
– Occurs when people
move from one place
to another
– Takes place as new
ideas spread from
place to place
Rap
Population
The study of population patterns helps
geographers learn about the world.

Population, or the total
number of people in a given area,
determines a great deal about the
place in which a person lives.
– Influences business,
transportation,
schools, and more

Geographers study human
population
– Interested in patterns that
emerge over time
– Study information such as how
many people live in an area,
why people live where they
do, and how populations
change
Population Patterns
Population Density POPULATION
 Population density —a
measure of the number of
people living in an area
 High
population density areas
– Land more expensive
– Roads crowded
– Buildings taller
 Low
population density areas
– More open spaces
– Less traffic
– More available land
DENSITY=PER SQUARE
MILE
Population Patterns
Where People Live
 When
an area is thinly
populated, it is often because the
land does not provide a very good
life.
– Rugged mountains
– Harsh deserts
– Polar regions
 Areas
with denser populations
tend to be regions with fertile
soil, reliable sources of water,
and a good agricultural
climate.
Urban

Cities with large populations
– Nashville, Memphis, New York City

Land is used for taller
buildings

Many people live in
apartments

People use public
transportation like busses
and subways
Suburban

Outside of urban areas

Medium populations

Most people live in houses

Land is used for businesses
and shopping centers

People use cars for
transportation
Rural

Areas with large amounts of land and
low populations

Can be farms, deserts, or forests

Land is used for growing crops or
hunting

People must use cars because of their
distance from other locations
New York vs. West Tennessee
Population statistics

Geographers examine three key
statistics to learn about population
changes.
– Birthrate —the annual
number of births per 1,000
people
– Death rate —the annual
number of deaths per 1,000
people
– Rate of natural increase —
the birthrate minus the
death rate equals the
percentage of natural increase,
or the rate at which a population
is changing.
Population statistics
 Population
growth rates differ from one
place to another.
–In some countries, populations are
growing very slowly or even
shrinking.
–In most countries, populations are
growing.
–In countries with growing populations,
governments face many challenges.
Migration
is the process
of moving from one place
to live in another.
 Migration
A
common cause of
population change
 People
migrate for
many reasons.
– Some factors push
people to leave their
country.
– Some factors pull, or
attract, people to new
countries.
World Population Trends
 Earth’s population
has exploded
in the last 200 years
– Better health care
– Improved food production
 Two
important population
trends:
– Population growth in some
of the more
industrialized
nations has begun to slow.
– Less industrialized nations
often have high growth
rates.
World Population Trends
World Population Trends
1. Which country
has the largest
population?
2. How does the
United States’
population
compare to the
population of
china?
Main Idea 2:
Different economic activities and systems exist
throughout the world.

The economy is a system that includes all of the activities that
people and businesses do to earn a living.

Countries use a mix of different economic activities and systems.

Geographers divide economic activities into four levels.
Four Levels of Economic Activity
Primary
industry
Secondary
industry
Tertiary
industry
Quaternary
industry
•
People earn a living by providing raw materials or
natural resources to others.
•
Examples include farming, fishing, and mining
•
Use natural resources or raw materials to
manufacture other products
•
Example: automobile manufacturers use steel and
other materials to build cars and trucks.
•
Goods and services are exchanged
•
Includes people who sell the products made in
secondary industries and people who provide
services rather than goods, such as health care
•
Involves the research and distribution of information
•
People work with information rather than goods and
often have specialized knowledge and skills.
Economic Systems
Traditional
Economy
Market
Economy
• System in which
people grow their
own food and
make their own
goods
• System based on
private
ownership, free
trade, and
competition
• Trade may take
place through
barter, or the
exchange of
goods without the
use of money.
• Individuals and
businesses are
free to buy and
sell what they
wish.
• Often found in
rural and remote
communities
• Prices determined
by the supply and
demand for goods
• Sometimes called
capitalism
Command
Economy
• System in which
the central
government
makes all
economic
decisions
• Government
decides what
goods to produce,
how much to
produce, and
what prices will
be.
• Communist
governments own
and control most
businesses in
their countries.
The World’s People
Types of Governments
Government

Includes all parts of culture that have to
do with government, laws, rules, and
national structures.

Five main types of governments
Dictatorship

A single leader has
absolute control and
unrestricted power.

Leader may use force
to control population
Monarchy
This is the oldest form
of government.
 Leader is determined
through family lines.
 The leader is in this
position for life.

Oligarchy
The people are ruled by a powerful few.
 Leaders are usually members of wealthy families
or the military.

Myanmar propoganda sign
Autocracy
This type of
government is the
opposite of a
democracy.
 The power rests in
the control of one
person, who operates
under some kind of
structured
government.

Democracy
In this type of
government leaders
are usually elected by
the people.
 Citizens who are
eligible to vote have a
say in how the
government works

Theocracy
Political system governed by representatives of a
certain religion.
 Iran is sometimes classified as this type of
government.

Main Idea 3:
Geographers group the countries of the world based on
their level of economic development.
Economic Indicators
• Measures of a country’s wealth used by geographers to decide if a
country is developed or developing
• One measure used is gross domestic product (GDP)—the value of
all goods and services produced within a country in a single year.
• Other indicators include a country’s per capita GDP, level of
industrialization, and overall quality of life.
Developed and Developing Countries
• Developed countries have strong economies and a high quality of
life; usually have high per capita GDP
• Developing countries have less productive economies and a lower
quality of life; usually have lower per capita GDP
Global Connections
The Big Idea
Fast, easy global connection have made cultural exchange,
trade, and a cooperative world community possible.
Main Ideas
• Globalization links the world’s countries together through
culture and trade.
• The world community works together to solve global
conflicts and crises.
Main Idea 1:
Globalization links the world’s countries together through
culture and trade.

Globalization is the process in which countries are increasingly linked to
each other through culture and trade.
– Caused by improvements in transportation and communication over the last
100 years

Popular culture refers to culture traits that are well known and widely
accepted.
– Examples include food, sports, music, and movies.
– United States has great influence on global popular culture and is also
influenced by global culture.

Expansion of global trade has increased interdependence—the reliance
of one country on the resources, goods, or services of another country—
between countries.
– Many companies in one country often rely on goods and services produced in
another country.
Main Idea 2:
The world community works together to solve global
conflicts and crises.

Because of globalization, the world seems smaller.
– Places are more connected.
– What happens in one part of the world can affect the entire
planet.

The world community works together to promote
cooperation among countries in times of conflict and
crisis.
A World Community
Countries often join together to settle conflicts such as wars,
trade disputes, and political disagreements.
The United Nations (UN) is an organization of the world’s
countries that promotes peace and security around the globe.
The world community promotes cooperation in times of crisis
such as ones caused by earthquakes, floods, and drought.
Groups from many nations often come together to provide
humanitarian aid, or assistance to people in distress.
Organizations representing countries around the globe work to
help in times of crisis.
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