Transcript Slide 1
SME POLICY FORUM SCOTLAND’S EXPERIENCE Professor David Deakins Massey University Contents • Key demographics • Policy issues • Enterprise policy in Scotland • Ethnic minority enterprise as a case example • Recent policy • Conclusions Key Demographics Population: 5.06 m. 2001 Census, 5.41 m. 2009 Area: 78,772 km2 Population density 64 per km2 Age Structure Age Structure Geographical Distribution Population density by area (Persons per km2) Source: GROS 2006 locality estimates. Ethnicity All people White Indian Pakistani & other S. Asian Chinese Other 5062011 4960334 15037 39970 16310 30360 100% 97.99% 0.30% 0.79% 0.32% 0.60% Source: Scottish Census GROS (www.scrol.gov.uk) Key Economic Data Birth rate 10.7 per 000 Death rate 11.0 per 000 Net migration rate + 4.1 per 000 Population growth rate Life expectancy GVA per head Average gross weekly wage Top exports 0.4% M 74.2; F 79.3 £19,152 (2007 est.) £461.8 (2008) Food/drink/chemicals/wholesale/ retail/tourism/bus services/manf. Destination for exports EU/North America No of businesses (2008) 154,840 registered 282,330 est. total Size Distribution of Enterprises (2008) Size Number Total Scottish Employment Turnover £m 276,325 780,510 £63.1 50 to 249 employees 3,600 254, 930 £27.9 250 or more employees 2,405 1,506,310 £152,334 0-49 employees Source: Scottish Government, ONS (IDBR) Policy Issues: Two Agencies 1. Scottish Enterprise (SE): regional development agency covering Central Belt and South of Scotland 2. Highlands and Islands Enterprise (HIE) Scotland’s Enterprise Support Agencies Scottish Enterprise Highlands and Islands Enterprise Policy Issues • Low Business Birth Rate or entrepreneurial activity rates compared to rest of UK (c. 50% of rates in London, GEM 2008 TEA for Scotland = 4.5, compared to 5.6 for UK) Business Birth Rates UK Regions (2006) VAT registrations per 10,000 adults, 2006 60 50 40 30 20 Source: Scottish Enterprise, BIS UK North East Wales Scotland Yorks/Humber N West W Midlands E Midlands S West East S East London 0 N Ireland 10 Policy Issues • Low Business Birth Rate or entrepreneurial activity rates compared to rest of UK (c. 50% of rates in London, GEM 2008 TEA for Scotland = 4.5, compared to 5.6 for UK) • Reliance on traditional, but declining manufacturing sectors, particularly in the Central Belt • Declining natural resources; e.g., North Sea oil and gas • World class scientific research centres, but historically low rates of commercial spin-outs • Rural enterprise: large rural areas in Highlands and Islands and in the South of Scotland Scotland’s Economic Performance Low growth economy “For over 30 years, Scotland has suffered because our economy has been locked into a low growth economy” Government Economic Strategy (2009), Scottish Government “From 1975 to 2005, Scotland’s annual average growth in GDP was 1.8%, compared to a UK average of 2.3% over the same period”. Innovation for Scotland Report (2009), Scottish Government Enterprise Policy in Scotland The Business Birth Rate Strategy (SE) 1993-2003 Commercialisation Strategy (SE) 1995 --Business networks (SE and HIE): Entrepreneurial Exchange LINC Scotland Volume v targeted support (HIE v SE) Enterprise Education programme: Determined to Succeed Women’s Enterprise (SE and HIE): National Unit for Women’s Enterprise 2005-- Ethnic Minority Enterprise as a Case Example • Scottish Government commissioned national scoping study 2005 • Methodology • Demographics guided research • Map MEBs geographical and sectoral distribution in Scotland compared to a white control group Self-Employment Rates for all Scotland (Per Cent) African Caribbean Bangladeshi Indian Chinese Pakistani All 0 5 10 15 20 Source: 2001 Census Analysis: General Register Office for Scotland 25 30 Self-Employment Rates for Glasgow (Per Cent) Pakistani Indian Chinese Caribbean Bangladeshi African All 0 5 10 15 20 Source: 2001 Census Analysis: General Register Office for Scotland 25 Self-Employment Rates for Edinburgh (Per Cent) Pakistani Indian Chinese Bangladeshi Caribbean African All 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Source: 2001 Census Analysis: General Register Office for Scotland 35 Self-Employment Rates for Highland Scotland including Western Isles and Orkney & Shetland (Per Cent) Pakistani Indian Chinese Caribbean Bangladeshi African All 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Source: 2001 Census Analysis: General Register Office for Scotland Selected Key Findings • Strength and diversity of ethnic minority enterprise in Scotland –, 4,500 businesses contributed upwards £1 billion to GDP • Concentration by sector and location but key contribution outside cities in Central Belt and rural areas • Innovation and resourcefulness of MEB owners • Diversity a source of creativity and innovation Selected Key Findings • Low access to formal sources of finance • Lack of trusted intermediaries between banks and MEB communities • Lack of engagement with formal mainstream sources of advice and support and a low take-up of training. This includes: -----------lack of awareness -----------strategies to avoid engagement • Requires strategies to build trust Policy Response • SE and HIE Strategy to engage with ethnic minority businesses -----engage with communities ------support for access to finance ------ethnic media and communication • Scottish Institute for Minority Enterprise –owned and driven by ethnic minority business owners Recent Policy • Removing barriers • Scottish Co-investment Fund • Scottish Seed Fund • Scottish Venture Fund • Supporting Innovation (R&D Grants, Innovation Vouchers) • Innovation Strategy, June 2009 Supporting Growth Firms • Standard business support through Business Gateway (now devolved from Scottish Enterprise to the local authorities/councils) • Targeted support for ‘growth firms’ by SE (but less so by HIE due to rural environment) SE criteria (2009) : - £5m valuation by end of year 3, - commitment to trade globally, - passion to succeed Conclusions • Frequent changes in policy –lack of consistency • SMEs have raised awareness of enterprise agencies, but still dependent on support delivered now by local councils • Finance initiatives have been more successful, especially local micro-credit, LINC Scotland and Co-investment Fund • Gaps still exist: KT in rural areas/ethnic minority support • Disparities in support, funding and investment