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GDP per worker and per hour worked
G7 comparison plus EU and OECD averages, 1999
UK=100
160
GDP per worker
GDP per hour worked
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Italy
US
France
Source: DTI calculations based on Harley and Owen (1998)
Germany
Canada*
Japan*
* indicates GDP per hour for 1998
EU
OECD
GDP pe r he ad of population
OECD comparison, 1999
US dollars, purchasing power parities
Luxembourg
US
Switzerland
Iceland
Denmark
Canada
Ireland
Austria
Japan
Germany
Sweden
OECD
UK
EU
Italy
France
Spain
Korea
Czech Republic
Poland
UK=$22,754
Turkey
0
Source: OECD
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
Value added by knowledge based services and industries
G7 comparison, 1998
Per cent of total business sector value added
70
Finance, insurance, other business services, community, social and personal services
Communication services
60
High & medium-high tech manufacturing
50
40
30
20
10
0
Germany*
Source: OECD
Japan
France
UK
US
Canada*
* indicates 1997 data
Italy
Exports of high and medium-high technology goods
G7 comparison, 1981-1999
Per cent of total goods exports
25
UK
20
US
Japan
15
France
Germ any
10
Canada
Italy
5
0
1981
1982
Source: UN
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Exports of knowledge-based services
G7 comparison, 1991-1998
Per cent of total services exports
60
UK
50
Japan
Canada
Germ any
US
40
France
Italy
30
20
10
0
1991
Source: IMF
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Qualifications at NVQ level 2+ and 3+ equivalent
UK, France and Germany, 199x?
Per cent of population
Level 2+
Level 3+
Gemany
workforce
25-28 year olds
vo catio nal
19-21year olds
general
France
workforce
25-28 year olds
19-21year olds
UK
workforce
25-28 year olds
19-21year olds
100
Source: Steadman
80
60
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Papers and citations per head of population
G7 comparison, 1993-1998
Index, UK=100
Citations per head
140
Papers per head
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
US
Source: OST
Canada
Germany
France
Italy
Japan
Industry-funded business enterprise R&D (BERD) real expenditure per worker
G7 comparison, 1988-1998
US dollars, at 1990 prices and purchasing power parities
1200
1988
1000
1993
1998
800
600
400
200
0
Source: OECD
US
Japan
Germany
France
Canada
UK
Italy
Novel innovating enterprises
EU comparison, 1994-1996
Per cent of enterprises introducing new or improved product or process, new not only to firm but also to their market
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Netherlands
Denmark
Ireland
Italy
Source: Eurostat (Community Innovation Survey)
Sweden
Germany
Austria
Luxembourg
France
UK
Finland
Belgium
Spain
Portugal
EU
Sources of information considered as very important for innovation
UK and EU average, 1996
Per cent of innovating enterprises
Manufacturing sector
Services sector
Client s or cust omers
Sources wit hin ent erprises
Suppliers of equipment ; mat erial;
component s or sof t ware
UK
Ot her ent erprises wit h t he
EU
ent erprise group
Compet it ors
Universit ies or ot her higher
educat ion inst it ut es
Consult ancy ent erprises
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
KEY ATTRIBUTES OF A WINNING COMPANY
-
A (global) vision of how the market is likely to develop, based on customers’
needs and an understanding of how technology might impact upon their
expectations;
-
The ability for the firm to generate new ideas/products and services to exceed
customer expectations and to have the business processes and resources in
place to deliver ahead of the competition;
-
A workforce which is committed to the firm’s success.
MANAGEMENT INDICATORS
Qualifications:
MBAs per 000 employed
Vision:
- Reliance on clients or customers for information as a basis for innovation
(see Eurostat Innovation Survey);
- Technology balance of payments (see OECD)
Ability to generate new products/processes:
-
Novel innovating enterprises (see Eurostat Innovation Survey)
-
Patent licensing (OECD)
-
Proportion of firms with Web enabled networked computers (Business in the
Information Age: International Benchmarking Study 2000)
-
Proportion of firms complying with ISO 9000 or the EQFM Excellence Model
Commitment of the Workforce:
-
Average annual investment per head in off-the-job training ( $ PPP);
-
Proportion of firms with training plans linked to the corporate plan (in the UK
this would be firms accredited with the Investors in People award);
-
Proportion of firms (in high technology sectors) with share options available
to 50% (or more) of the workforce.
PRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE
-
Are salary structures within UK academia are sufficiently attractive to
encourage the best academic researchers to remain in the UK (with a potential
adverse impact on both the quality of teaching and research)?
-
Is the UK is generating enough very highly skilled scientists/engineers
through its doctoral programmes?
LEADING INDICATORS
-
the upper quartile of academic salaries (in SET disciplines) at PPP rates;
-
numbers of (SET) PhD students studying at home and overseas, and numbers
of overseas PhD students studying in the home country.