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Innovation, change and decision-making in international organisations
Daniela Fritzen, Simone Gerdesmeier
Innovation in Europe
1. Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D
- Green Paper on innovation
- European Councils in Lisbon, Barcelona and Brussels
- Sixth Framework Programme
- European Action Plan
2. Innovation focus of the EU
- innovation policy
- supported project
3. Candidate Countries/new members
- CC6 and CC7
4. Europe’s position in the world of innovation
Innovation in Europe
1. Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D
- Green Paper on Innovation
- European Councils in Lisbon, Barcelona and Brussels
- Sixth Framework Programme
- European Action Plan
2. Innovation focus of the EU
- innovation policy
- supported project
3. Candidate Countries/ new members
- CC6 and CC7
4. Europe`s position in the world of innovation
Innovation in Europe
1.Introduction to recent EU investment
programmes in R&D
1995: Green Paper on innovation
- EU definition of innovation
2000 Lisbon European Council
- EU should become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based
economy in the world by 2010
2002 Barcelona European Council
- raising investment in R&D to 3% of GDP until 2010
2003 Brussels European Council
- reviewing progress towards Lisbon goal
Innovation in Europe
1. Introduction to recent EU investment
programmes in R&D
Sixth Framework Programme on Innovation (FP6)
- FP1 in 1984
- FP6: development of a European scientific community
supporting scientific and technical work of high quality
EU plans to distribute 17.5 billion Euro in RTD
3rd largest operational budget
overall 2001 budget
3.9% of EU`s
creation of the European Research Area (ERA)
Innovation in Europe
1. Introduction to recent EU investment
programmes in R&D
Sixth Framework Programme on Innovation (FP6)
FP6 Main Components
Integrating
European Research
Structuring
the European Research Areas
Strengthening
the foundations of the ERA
FP6 Basic Principles
Concentrating
on selected priority
research areas
Structuring effect
through stronger links with
national, regional and other
European initiatives
Coordination
Simplification
Innovation in Europe
1. Introduction to recent EU investment
programmes in R&D
European Action Plan
-raise investment from 1.9% to 3% of GDP
-2/3 out private investment
-additional GDP growth and 400.000 additional jobs
-gap in research investment between USA and Europe: 120 billion
Euro p.a.
Innovation in Europe
1.Introduction to recent EU investment
programmes in R&D
European Action Plan
Strategies (I)
1. Progressing jointly: EU technical platforms
mutual learning
coherent mix of policy instruments
2. Improving public support to research and innovation:
making excellent researchers available
designing a favourable regulatory environment
co-operation between public research and industries
improving mix of public financing instruments
Innovation in Europe
1. Introduction to recent EU investment
programmes in R&D
European Action Plan
Strategies (II)
3. Redirecting public spending towards research and innovation
Stability Growth Pact and broad economic guidelines
2003-2006
public procurement
4. Improving framework conditions for private investment
IPR
market regulations, competition rules, financial markets, tax
conditions, co-operation management, reporting of research
Innovation in Europe
1. Introduction to recent EU investment
programmes in R&D
European Action Plan
Innovation in Europe
2. Innovation focus of the EU
1. Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D
- Green Paper on Innovation
- European Councils in Lisbon, Barcelona and Brussels
- Sixth Framework Programme
- European Action Plan
2. Innovation focus of the EU
- innovation policy
- supported project
3. Candidate Countries/ new members
- CC6 and CC7
4. Europe`s position in the world of innovation
Innovation in Europe
2. Innovation focus of the EU
Innovation policy (I)
Five objectives:
1. Ensure the coherence of innovation policies
2. Set up a regulatory framework conducive to innovation
3. Encourage the creation and growth of innovative enterprises
4. Improve the key interfaces in the innovation system
5. Move towards a society which is open to innovation
Innovation in Europe
2. Innovation focus of the EU
Innovation policy (II)
Impact of industrial relations (IR) on innovation
Effects of employee participation on innovation processes
Innovation in Europe
2. Innovation focus of the EU
Innovation policy (III)
Five different styles of industrial relations systems:
1. Market: predominance of values exalting individual freedom; IR
are developed on a voluntaristic basis
no strong involvement of IR in innovation strategy
2. Conflict: antagonistic conflict of interest between IR parties
low involvement in innovation strategies and policies
3. State: regulation depends on public governance
IR play only a secondary role in the innovation strategy
4. Co-ordination: social partners discuss non-market arrangements
complex rules govern the linkages between IR settings and
innovation issues
5. Co-operation: long-term ‘positive-sum’ conceptions of the
common interest between all organised actors
strong involvement of IR system in the field of innovation
Innovation in Europe
2. Innovation focus of the EU
Innovation in Europe
2. Innovation focus of the EU
Question:
Which projects concerning innovation and R&D does
the EU support?
Which sectors does it concentrate on?
Innovation in Europe
2. Innovation focus of the EU
Supported Projects (I)
eight specialised institutes in the Unions Joint Research Centre (JRC),
operate in five countries, with top level scientific facilities
1. IAM Petten /Netherlands
2. IRMM, Geel/Belgium
3.-6. ISIS, ISPC, ISA, Environment Institute, Ispra/Italy
7. IPTS, Seville/Spain
8. ITE, Karlsruhe/Germany
Innovation in Europe
2. Innovation focus of the EU
Supported Projects (II)
EU focus on investment in
1. Bioscience and biotechnology/medical research
- ISPC (Institute for Consumer Health and Protection)
- IRMM (Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements)
- EORTC (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer)
- Fufose (Functional Foods Science in Europe)
- SENS
Innovation in Europe
2. Innovation focus of the EU
Supported Projects (III)
2. Information and Communication
- Esprit, pioneer programme in 1980s
- Semper
- SET (Secure electronic transaction)
3. Defence and military research
4. Space research
- ISA (Institute for Space Applications)
- MARS-project (monitoring agriculture with remote sensing,
1988-1998)
Innovation in Europe
2. Innovation focus of the EU
Supported Projects (IV)
5. Research in environmental protection/renewable energies
- ERLAP (European Reference Laboratory on
Atmospheric Pollution)
- IFREMER
- HOFIM
- Waste Water Cluster network
6. Transport
- ISIS (Institute for Systems, Informatics and Safety)
- FEVER project from Renault
Innovation in Europe
1. Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D
- Green Paper on Innovation
- European Councils in Lisbon, Barcelona and Brussels
- Sixth Framework Programme
- European Action Plan
2. Innovation focus of the EU
- innovation policy
- supported project
3. Candidate Countries/ new members
- CC6 and CC7
4. Europe`s position in the world of innovation
Innovation in Europe
3. Candidate Countries/new members
Innovation in Europe
3. Candidate Countries/new members
Studies on the Candidate Countries (I)
two studies from 2001 concerning the CC6 and CC7
CC6:
Poland, Hungary, Czech
Republic, Slovenia, Estonia,
Cyprus
CC7:
Malta, Turkey, Latvia, Romania,
Lithuania, Bulgaria, Slovakia
Innovation in Europe
3. Candidate Countries/new members
Studies on the Candidate Countries (II)
CC6:
‘dual’ economy: profitable foreign investment enterprises and
domestic companies
Potential for catching up restricted by weak demand for R&D by
business sectors
Compared to EU fewer innovative small companies
Low governmental support
Innovation in Europe
3. Candidate Countries/new members
Studies on the Candidate Countries (II)
CC7:
Generally score lower than EU15 on innovation-related indicators
Main problem: low manufacturing productivity
Improvement needed concerning human resources
Low governmental support
Innovation in Europe
1. Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D
- Green Paper on Innovation
- European Councils in Lisbon, Barcelona and Brussels
- Sixth Framework Programme
- European Action Plan
2. Innovation focus of the EU
- innovation policy
- supported project
3. Candidate Countries/ new members
- CC6 and CC7
4. Europe`s position in the world of innovation
4. Europe’s position in the world of
innovation
Innovation in Europe
4. Europe’s position in the world of
innovation
Innovation in Europe
EU is leading in following sectors:
- Training young graduates
- public R&D financing
- ICT expenditure
EU lags behind
USA: - level of higher education
- business R&D expenditure
- high-tech patent applications
Japan: - business R&D expenditure
- science and engineering graduates
EU’s main weakness: patenting
4. Europe’s position in the world of
innovation
Innovation in Europe
4. Europe’s position in the world of
innovation
Innovation in Europe
Questions/Discussion:
1. Can the EU possibly fulfil the Lisbon strategy?
2. What are the obstacles of innovation in Europe?
3. Do you think that the European Action Plan can encourage
innovation and investment in the R&D sector? Why? Why not?
Innovation in Europe
Thank you for your attention!!!