Transcript Slide 1

Role of Collective Management & RROs
in sustaining the publishing industry
Olav Stokkmo, CEO of IFRRO
Moscow Book Fair 2013
6 September 2013
Moscow
IFRRO
International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisations
Provider of reliable information on copyright-led
solutions in the text and image based sector
The global network
140 members in 78 countries
IFRRO Key Activities
• Communications /
Information
• Business Approaches
• Regional Development
Cooperates with
• WIPO
• UNESCO
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EU
OAPI, ARIPO, LAS
APEC, CERLALC
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CISAC, SAA, etc.
IFLA, EBLIDA
86 RROs in 77 countries
Around the world – on all continents
ABDR | Access Copyright | AGECOP | AIDRO| AMCOS | AUTOR | B-COPY| BBDA | BECLA Bonus Presskopia CADRA |
CCC| CDR | CEDRO| CeMPro| CFC| CLA| CLASS| CLNZ| CMA| COPIBEC| Copydan Writing| CopyGhana | Copyright
Agency | CopyRo – Romania | CopyRus| COSOMA| CWWCS| DALRO| DHK/CWA| DILIA ECCLA| EDISAM| FILCOLS|
Fjölís| FJÖLRIT| GCA| HARR| HKRRRLS| ICLA| IPRO| IRRO| JAC| JAMCOPY| JRRC| Kopiken| Kopinor| KOPIOSTO|
KOPIPOL| KOPITAN| KORRA| LATGA-A| LIBRIUS| LITA| Literar-Mechana | Luxorr| MASA| NLA| NLI| NSRR| OSDEL|
POLSKA KSIAZKA| ProLitteris| REPROBEL| REPRONIG| SADEL| Sámikopiija | TTRRO| VG Bild-Kunst | VG4
MUSIKEDITION | VG WORT | VIETRRO| YAYBİR| YRCI| ZANA| ZARRSO| ZIMCOPY
IFRRO. RRO-members,
total members and collected fees
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1989
1994
RROs
2000
Total members
2008
Collected fees
2012/13
Collected fees in USD
Members
RROs and total members 27.8.2013;
Collected fees 1989-2012
Copyright is fundamental to Cultural
Diversity and Economic Growth
Creative Industries fuel the Digital Economy
Copyright and creative sectors
Fuel the digital economy
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Knowledge economy
National IP industry
Flourishing environment
Unique cultural material
Educational material
World place
Valuing copyright allows investment
in creativity, knowledge and culture
• Cultural value
o National identity
o Fiction, non fiction (science, technology, education),
poetry, drawings, photographs... And more!
• Economic value
o Incentive to create and publish
o Textbooks often engine of national publishing industry
WIPO studies:
Creative industries important to economy
Australia
Bulgaria
Canada
Colombia
Croatia
Hungary
Jamaica
Latvia
Lebanon
Contribution Contribution to
to GDP % employment %
10.30
8.00
2.81
4.30
4.70
5.40
3.30
5.80
4.27
4.64
6.66
7.10
4.81
3.03
5.05
5.59
4.75
4.49
Contribution Contribution to
to GDP % employment %
Mexico
4.77
11.01
Netherlands
5.90
8.80
Philippines
4.82
11.10
Romania
5.55
4.19
Russia
6.06
7.30
Singapore
5.67
5.80
Ukraine
2.85
1.90
USA
11.09
8.53
http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/ip-development/en/creative_industry/pdf/eco_table.pdf
http://www.wipo.int/ip-development/en/creative_industry/economic_contribution.html
Creative sectors fundamental to
Wealth, knowledge & Digital Society
Positive relation between investment in
Copyright and GDP per capita
Positive relation between investment in
Copyright and Competitiveness
Positive relation between investment in
Copyright and Innovation
http://www.wipo.int/ip-development/en/creative_industry/pdf/economic_contribution_analysis_2012.pdf,
Core copyright industries
Main contributor to GDP: press & literature
6%
1%
9%
press and literature
3%
6%
44%
software
radio and tv
Music, theatrical productions and opera
motion pidcture and video
visual and graphic arts
Photography
9%
cr collecting societies
advertising
12%
10%
Income from secondary uses
Fundamental to the author & development
Studies in the UK(PwC and ALCS)
Authors
•10% decline in RRO income for creators would result in
20% less output;
•20% decline would mean a drop of 29% in output or the
equivalent of 2,870 works per year.
Publishers
Secondary copyright payments play an important role in
incentivising investment in new products
Provision of easy legal access to copyright works
Protects both content creators and consumers
Provision of easy, legal access to
© works protects users and R/Hs
Seamless Access to © works –
Addressing primary and secondary markets
Paid
Freely available
RETRIEVING
Personal use
ACCESS
FINDING
Works
USING
Classroom use
Research/Collaboration
Rightsholders
SHARING
Photocopying
Internal
External
E-mailing
Internal
External
Posting
Intranet
Storing
Internet
Text & Data Mining
Republication
New Work
Print-disabled version
Translation
Valuing copyright allows investment
in creativity, knowledge and culture
The educational publishing ecosystem
Primary market
Secondary
market
Exceptions
exceptions are important; unremunerated exceptions should be limited to instances
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where primary and secondary markets cannot fulfil a market need efficiently
RRO Collective Administration
Contributes to seamless access to © works
• Individual licensing when one to many
• Collective management when many to many; when
individual licensing is
– Impossible
• Typically Orphan works
– Impracticable or Insufficient
• Typically Multiple copying & Out-of-Print works
RROs complements individual administration
RROs
Make Copyright Work
for Everybody
RROs act as intermediaries between
rightholder and users
RROs -Reproduction Rights Organisations
Collective Rights Managers in text & image sector
Operate on the basis of mandates from; governed jointly by
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Authors and Publishers
 Writers including translators; Visual artists; Composers
 Publishers (Book, journal, newspaper, magazine,
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music)
Legislation
Key facets of RRO activities
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Awareness raising
Copyright enforcement
Licence, collect and distribute revenues
RROs Make Copyright Work!
Content of RRO repertoire licence
• Limited extracts
• 5-15%; chapter; article
• Personal and Internal use
• Permitted uses
• Photocopying and scanning
• Download, store, print, internal dissemination, external
dissemination
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Authorised users
Terms
Fees
Usage reporting requirements
Compliance awareness
Digital sources and applications
• Sources
o Analogue
o Electronic carrier
o Online
o Internet download
• Applications and uses
o Scan
o Printout
o PPT
o Whiteboard
o Intranet
oView
o Virtual Learning Environment
o Document delivery
o Store
o Email
o Redirect to content
o RRO content database
RROs
Areas licensed by RROs
• Education at all levels
– Schools; Universities; Further education; Distance Education
• Public Administration
– Government; Regional; Local
• Trade and Industry
• Religious bodies
• Public and Research libraries
• Cultural institutions
• Copy shops
• Press Cutting Agencies
Supporting collective management is
supporting economy, knowledge, culture
Income from secondary uses is indispensible to
creation and investment in new works
Kopinor (Norway) –
extended collective licence
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22 member associations, 5 publisher, 17 author
Council of Representatives
Executive Board and Board of Distribution
Mandates via member bodies
ECLs approved by Ministry of Culture
Rightholder set splits
Individual distribution via r/h bodies
Revenue collection 2012: € 37 million
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REPROGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION RIGHTS MANAGEMENT
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DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT IN THE EDUCATION SECTOR
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Compulsory collective management system: CFC represents all rights holders by effect of the law
CFC licence Education, businesses and government
CFC collected 45M€ in 2012
Royalties allocated to works reproduced according to reports from users and distributed to rights holders
Legal exception introduced in French law in 2006
CFC negotiated an agreement with Ministry of education, who pays a lump sum (1.45M€ per year) to
remunerate the uses
CFC receive mandates from publishers to distribute the royalties
Publisher’s mandates allow CFC
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to authorize digital reproduction of works, which are excluded from the legal exception, as for
example school books
• To authorize educational establishments, which are not covered by the agreement with the Ministry
of Education
DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT IN THE BUSINESS SECTOR
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Voluntary collective management: CFC receives mandate from publishers
CFC represents only the publications from the publishers, who gave a mandate
CFC licenses digital internal uses for professional purposes
CFC collected 10 M€ in 2010, with a 30% growth in revenues
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ProLitteris (Switzerland) –
legal licence
• Cooperative society: 8,000-plus creators, 600-plus
publishers
• General Assembly
• Board of 12: 7 creators, 5 publishers
• Federal Intellectual Property Office
• Remuneration mandate includes digital
• Mandate may include voluntary licensing
• Title-specific distribution to individuals
• Revenue collection 2011: € 14 million
Levy – text and image based works
– Examples Germany and Hungary
Germany
Law authorises reproduction
Single copies for Private use
Copies of single works for Own scientific or archival use;
Copies of out-of-print works
Copies of small parts of works other than text books for teaching
 Copies may be in analogue or digital formats
Equipment and Operator levy collected in 2012: € 73.5 million
Hungary
Individual allowed to copy for private purposes
May copy for others: Educational and cultural institutions;
retail, copy shops and others charging for copies
Equipment and Operator levy collected in 2012: € 1 million
RRO rights administration
New areas
• Digital Libraries
– Orphan Works
– Works out of Commerce
• Model Licences – Secure and Open Networks
• Rights Clearance
• Databases
• People with print disabilities
• Trusted Intermediaries (TI) pilot project
• WIPO Stakeholder Platform - TIGAR
• EC Stakeholder Dialogue – MoU - ETIN
Library Digitising project
Examples
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FRANCE
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Out-of-Commerce Books published in France < 2001
• Compulsory Collective Management by RRO
– Right of withdrawal
GERMANY
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Out-of-Commerce Books published in Germany < 1966
Licensing by RROs (VG Wort and VG Bildkunst)
– Legal Presumption
– Right of withdrawal
Strengthening copyright &
collective management
Helps create wealth, employment and
economic growth
Copyright
A Fundamental Human Right!
Jaron Lanier virtual reality
• Fundamental problem: Web being
free obscures the fact that people
created all this data
• Much of the danger to middle-class
professionals stems from Internet’s
hostility to ownership of knowledge
• Restore the value of data
( Jaron Lanier: Who owns the future)
A world that values knowledge values its creators!
Economic growth
Cannot be created by giving all away for free
Al Gore
We are nearing a threshold
beyond which so many jobs
are lost that the level of
consumer demand falls below
the level necessary to sustain
healthy economic growth
(Al Gore in The Future)
The Copyright Sectors Fuel the Digital Society!
RRO rights administration
Sustaining local creative industries
Copyright
education
Appropriate
legislation
Compliance
Enforcement
Rightholder
mandates
User
friendly
licences
Collective Management
Seamless access to copyright works
Convenient
Fast
Safe
Simple
Cost effective
Innovative
Thank you!
[email protected]
www.ifrro.org
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