Transcript Rompre avec le pass&#233

Europe’s Response to the
Global Challenges
Nicholas Hartley –Head of Unit, Policy and Strategy
European Commission, DG – Research « Industrial
Technologies »
KoWi, Brussels, 10th November 2005
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Challenges: an increasing role
for EU Research
Objective “Lisbon”: to become the most dynamic and most
competitive knowledge-based economy within 10 years
Objective “Göteborg”: sustainable development (environment,
health, economy, employment)
“Barcelona” targets: 1,9%  3,0% of GDP with 2/3 financed by
private sector; towards 700.000 researchers
European Research Area (ERA): …Integrating, reinforcing,
structuring RTD capacities, improving coordination of policies,
overcoming fragmentation of efforts… and stimulating
investment in RTD
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R&D – European weaknesses
EU-25
US
Japan
R&D intensity (% of GDP) (3)
1.97
2.59
3.12
Share of R&D financed by industry (%) (2)
55.9
63.1
73.9
5.5
9.0
9.7
38.3
31.1
9.6
Scientific publications per million population (3)
639
809
569
Share of world patents (%) (1)
31.5
34.3
26.9
Patents per million population (1)
30.5
53.1
92.6
19.7
28.5
26.5
16.7
20.0
10.6
Researchers per thousand labour force (FTE)
Share of world scientific publications (%)
(3)
(3)
High-tech exports as a share of total manufacturing exports (%)
(3)
Share of world high-tech exports (%) (2)
Note: (1) 2000 data (2) 2002 data (3) 2003 data
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Research: filling the gap
Total expenditure on R&D, % of GDP
3,2
Japan: 3.0
3,0
2,8
USA: 2.7
2,6
2,4
2,2
2,0
EU-15: 1.9
1,8
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
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Research and economic performance
2,5
● DK ● SE
R&D investment
2
● FI
1,5
●A
●F ●B
● IRL
● NL
● EU ● UK● DE
1
0,5
-2
-1,5 ● P
0
-1
-0,5
●E
-0,5
●I
0
0,5
1
1,5
-1
● EL
-1,5
-2
Economic performance
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Implications…
Transition from a « traditional economy » based on
traditional resources to a new economy based on
knowledge
The triplet « land – labour - capital » is replaced by
knowledge – capital
…this implies moving from an economy of ‘quantity’ to
an economy of ‘quality’, from an economy of ‘use and
waste’ to a sustainable economy
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Towards new paradigms
 Cancellation of the ‘resource-based’ differences between
competitors
 Focus on Added Value
Added Value products ≠ high-tech products
 Role of knowledge: new factor of production
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Industrial Transformation

In the globalised economy, EU industry must focus upon creating products
with more added-value – it’s a question of survival!

Such a transition is producing discontinuities in: products, industries,
people and approaches

Six main changes include moving from:

Linearity to complexity

Individual to system competitiveness

Resource-based to knowledge-based economies

Macro → micro → nano

“Top-down” → “bottom-up” production

Mono-disciplinarity → interdisciplinarity → convergence
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The fundamental
changes







OLD INDUSTRIES
NEW INDUSTRIES
(resource-based)
(knowledge-based)
Compact enterprise
Production chain
Mass production
Quantity driven
Resource-intensive
Production driven
Linear approach (Taylorism in
production)
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 Extended enterprise
 Network of suppliers
 Focus to added value
 Quality driven
 Brain intensive
 Demand driven
 Simultaneous approach
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Transition phase = crossing
Death Valley
 Delocalisation of traditional industries towards areas where
labour and environmental costs are less constraining
 ‘Dematerialisation’ of production and organisation
 Novel activities and new generation of high-tech industries
 Vanishing of some industries
The shift from labour-intensive to knowledge-intensive operations
modifies jobs and skills required
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Turnover
Enterprise life curve
Phases
Conditions
Finance
Initial
Growth
Developm.
Critical
End of life
Favorable
Adaptation
Optimisat. resources
Knowledge
Loss
Start up
Venture Cap.
Cash flow
relevance
Debts
Spin off
Business angels
Loans
Loans
FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMES
FP 2
(1986-90)
FP 3
(1990-94)
Market
National
oriented
European
Globalised
Indust.
approach
Supplier
oriented
Market
oriented
Environment &
customer driven
RTD
approach
Technology
push
Market
pull
System
oriented
FP 1
(1983-86)
years
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1983
1986
1990
Single act
1993
Maastricht
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FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMES (cont.)
FP 4
(1994-98)
FP 5
(98-02)
FP 6
(02-06)
FP 7
(07-13)
Market
e-commerce
& user driven
Knowledge-based
society
Indust.
approach
Concentration
& Networking
High added-value
& integration
Society
RTD
oriented
approach
Sustainability
& problem
solving
Radical
Converging
innovation technologies &
Breakthrough
years
1997
Amsterdam
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1999
Euro
2000
Enlargement
2007…..
Lisbon
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DISCIPLINES
CONVERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
FROM
MONO
INFO
BIO
NANO
COGNITIVE
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TO
MULTI
INFO/BIO
NANO/BIO
NANO/INFO
INTER
NANO/INFO/BIO
TRANS
NANO/INFO/
BIO/COGN
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FP7 ‘Cooperation’ Theme 4:
Nanosciences, nanotechnologies,
materials
and new production technologies
Overall objective : improve the competitiveness of EU industry
(including SMEs) and ensure its transformation through:

the effective transition from a resource-based to knowledgebased industry

generation of new breakthrough, applicable, knowledge

strengthening EU leadership in nano, materials and production
technologies

emphasis on integrating different technologies and disciplines
across many sectors
Importance of Technology Platforms to help establish common
research priorities and targets
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FP7 ‘Cooperation’ Theme 4:
Nanosciences, nanotechnologies,
materials
and new production technologies
Four activities:
1.
Nanosciences and nanotechnologies
2.
Materials
3.
New production
4.
Integration of technologies for industrial applications
…good continuity with « NMP » activities in FP 6
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FP7 ‘Cooperation’ Theme 4:
Nanosciences, nanotechnologies,
materials
and new production technologies
1. Nanosciences and nanotechnologies
Objective: increase and support the take up of
knowledge generated in this revolutionary field for
all industrial sectors
Topics include: interface and size dependent phenomena;
materials properties at nano-scale; self assembly; metrology;
new concepts and approaches; impacts on health and safety;
convergence of emerging technologies
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FP7 ‘Cooperation’ Theme 4:
Nanosciences, nanotechnologies,
materials
and new production technologies
2. Materials
Objective: generate new knowledge to enable new
industrial products and processes to be achieved,
exploiting the potential of interdisciplinary
approaches in materials research.
Topics include: high performance, sustainable and knowledgebased materials; design and simulation; nano-, bio- and hybrid
materials and their processing; chemical technologies and
materials processing industries
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FP7 ‘Cooperation’ Theme 4:
Nanosciences, nanotechnologies,
materials
and new production technologies
3. New production
Objective: create continuously innovating production
capabilities to achieve leadership in industrial
products & processes in the global marketplace.
Topics include: Knowledge-intensive production; new
paradigms for emerging industrial needs; adaptive, networked
and knowledge-based production; convergence of
technologies for next generation of high value-added products
(nano, bio, info, cognitive..)
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FP7 ‘Cooperation’ Theme 4:
Nanosciences, nanotechnologies,
materials
and new production technologies
4. Integration of technologies for industrial applications
Objective: accelerate the rate of industrial
transformation by exploiting the application potential
of new generic technologies.
Topics include: Integration of nano, materials and production
technologies in sectoral and cross-sectoral
applications
(e.g. health, construction, transport, energy,
chemistry,
environment, textiles & clothing, pulp & paper, mechanical
engineering,…)
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The strategic
importance of “nano”
Nano-sciences and technologies offer:
• Great challenges to the scientific community in terms of
scientific, educational, and organisational multidisciplinarity, i.e. « CONVERGING » of technologies
• Potential for innovation and applications
in many areas
• Economic opportunities in many sectors
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Some Perspectives

“Nanotechnology”, as a new market, does not exist but there is a
value chain e.g. from nanomaterials, to intermediate
components and finished products

In 2004, $13 billion worth of products incorporates emerging
nanotechnology, equivalent to <0.1% of manufacturing output
(Lux Research)

In 2014, it is expected that this figure will rise to $2.6 trillion as
nanotechnologies spreads across many sectors, ~15% of
manufacturing output (ibid)
Europe needs to be at the forefront and ensure that it has the
knowledge and capacity to benefit from this revolution
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Which role/implications for EU
academic community?
Education
- Multidisciplinarity
Research
- Knowledge creation (increase basic
research and focus on
‘driver’/converging technologies)
Innovation
- Development of new relationships with
finance
Spreading of
knowledge/popularisation
dialogue
- Increase credibility;
Science&Society
Governance
-
Contribute to the transition
Local development
-
Increase in knowledge
use/application locally
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… and for industry?
FOCUS
- Core business
- Added Value
- Miniaturization/security
REDEFINITION
of ROLE
- Global
- Niche
- Supplier
- Assembling
ORGANISATION
- New production
paradigms
- Global organisation
- Flexible logistics
- Assembling relevance
- Knowledge integration
- New professional skills
NEW
RELATIONSHIPS
- Academia
- Finance
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Information
 EU research: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research
 Seventh Framework Programme and SPs:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/future/index_en.cfm
 Information on research programmes and projects:
http://www.cordis.lu
 RTD info magazine:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/rtdinfo/
 NMP Industrial Research Magazine
http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/industrial_technologies/lists/ma
gazine_en.html
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