Transcript PPT

SCORUS 26th Biennial Conference, Shanghai
Development of Regional Statistics
through Cooperation with Central and
Local Governments
14-16 October 2008
Bongho Choi
Korea National Statistical Office
1
Organization of KNSO – Headquarters
 A Commissioner and a Deputy Commissioner
 6 Bureaus (Planning & Coordination,
Statistical Policy, Survey Management, Economic
Statistics, Social Statistics, Statistical Information)
- 33 Divisions
 Statistical Training Center (2 Divisions)
 Statistical Research & Development Institute
(3 Divisions)
* Number of Regular Staff-members at HQs : 621
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Organization of KNSO – Regional Offices
 12 Regional Offices
- Planning Division
- Economic Statistics Survey Division
- Social Statistics Survey Division
- Agricultural Statistics Survey Division
 65 Sub-regional Offices
 Number of staff-members in Regional Offices
as of 1 June 2007 : 2,502
- administration supporting staff : 13.9 %
- interviewers with permanent status : 54.7 %
- freelance interviewers: 31.6 %
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Geographic Units for Regional Statistics
 Based on “Administrative Units”
-
Korea: 16 Provinces, 230 Cities/Districts/Counties, 3,500 Towns/Townships
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U.S.A.: 50 States, 3,141 Counties
U.K.: 12 Regions, 440 Local Authority Districts, 8,800 Wards
Canada: 13 Province/Territory, 5,600 Census Sub-divisions
Japan: 47 Prefectures, 3,229 Cities/Towns/Townships
*
Not comparable due to large gaps between units and changes of boundaries over time.
 Based on “Statistically Defined Units”
Korea: 311,827 Basic Units as of 2001
-
-
U.S.A.: 7,020,924 Census Blocks as of 2000
U.K.: 175,434 Output Areas as of 2001
Canada: 52,993 Dissemination Area and 478,707 Blocks as of 2001
New Zealand: 38,350 Mesh Blocks as of 2001
*
These are relatively stable, but takes a lot of time and efforts to delineate.
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Why Regional Statistics are Important?
- In the past, policies were implemented on the basis of
national averages.
- However, different regions have different natural
resources, quality of infrastructure and overall level of
development.
- Consequently, policy-implementation without taking into
consideration of the regional differences tends to fail.
- Regional statistics are indispensable for systematic
analysis by different regions. This would contribute the
overall development for the whole country.
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What kinds of data are needed?
1) Statistics to show regional differences – GRDP, Household
Income, Prices, Occupation/Industrial structure, Unemployment rate,
Poverty level, etc.
2) Statistics on strategic industries each local government
fosters – Industries on Bio, IT, Knowledge-based, Tourism,
Traditional, Creative, Culture, Environment, Logistics, Materials, etc.
* However, these are not compatible with the “standard industrial
classification”.
3) Statistics to show the performance of each local government
has achieved – especially, statistics on the outcome
(welfare, educational level, health status, satisfaction, etc.).
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Regional Statistics Needed:
Example of Australian Bureau of Statistics
 Demography (size & structure of population, migration)
 Quality of Life
- Services (demand, availability, accessibility, affordability, quality)
- Well-being (employment, health, housing, income, assets)
- Specific population groups (foreign laborers, youth, older persons, women,
persons with a disability)
 Community Strength
- Human capital (education, skills, leadership, training infrastructure)
- Social capital (social networks, community activities, trust, safety, sense of belonging)
- Information networks
 Economic Growth
- Structure (industry, labor market, turnover, journey to work)
- Performance (production, consumption, turnover, employment, investment,
income and earnings)
- Links (imports, exports)
- Barriers (labor force skills, infrastructure, innovation, environment)
 Environmental Issues
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Regional Statistics Needed: Example of Statistics New Zealand
Area
Output
Education
Indicators
- GRDP
- Number of establishments by industry
- Illiteracy rate, Educational attainment, Teacher/Pupil ratio
Employment
- Employment by industry and occupation
- Labor force projection
Use of Energy
- Production of energy by type (electricity, gas)
- Use of energy for heating and cooking
- Use of energy by kinds and industry
- Turnover and consumption of energy by type
Environment
Population &
Public Health
- Expenditure for environmental protection by institutions
- Statistics on commuting
- Sewage by kinds and statistics on renewal
- Statistics on air, land and water
-Internal migration, population projection, life expectancy,
IMR, In-patients and discharge by major diseases
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Regional Statistics Needed: Example of Statistics New Zealand
Area
Social Cohesion
Indicators
- Participation in community and leisure activities
- Utilization of social welfare facilities, use of Internet
- An agreed set of quality of life indicators
Tourism
- Number of local and foreign visitors, duration of stay,
impact on local economy
Housing
- Number of houses by type, number of beds
- Household projection
Income and
Welfare
Transportation
Agriculture
- House price per income
- Household expenditure
- Household income by source of income
- Household income by demographic characteristics
- Commuters by origin-destination
- Means of transportation
- Accidents and casualties by causes
- Production by crops, living stocks by kinds
- Turnover by type of farms
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Demand for Regional Data: Example of U.K.
 Productivity
- Investment, Skills, Innovation, Competition, Enterprises
 Flexibility
- Indicators of flexibility on labour, capital and product market
 Welfare and Re-distribution
- Assess to public services
- Allocation of public funding, Data on public sector activities in the regions
 Estimates of Regional Prices
 A Set of Indicators on Quality of Life
- Social and environmental factor, Relative performance of rural areas
- Information on poorer neighbourhoods

GRDP, Population, including Internal Migration
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Sources of Regional Statistics in Korea - Censuses
Title
Quinquennial Population
and Housing Census
Method of Data
Collection
Mixed (Selfadministration +
Face-to-Face +
Internet)
Main Characteristics
Demographic information,
information on household and
housing condition
Annual Census on Basic
Characteristics of
Establishments
Face-to-Face
Basic characteristics of
establishments (number of
establishments and employees)
Annual Census on Mining
& Manufacturing
(for 5 employees & more)
Face-to-Face
Mining, Manufacturing, Electricity,
Gas and Waterworks industries
Quinquennial Agricultural
& Fishery Census
Face-to-Face +
Self–administration
All of the holdings, private or
institutional
Quinquennial Census on
Wholesale, Retail Trade
and Services Sector
Face-to-Face +
Internet
Kind of business activities, hours
worked, etc.
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Source of Regional Statistics in Korea - Sample Surveys
Cycle
Title of surveys
Spatial units data available
(sample size)
5 year
National Survey of Household Assets
- Provinces (32,000 households)
Annual
Social Statistics Survey
- Provinces (32,000 households)
Basic Agricultural Statistics Survey
- Provinces (60,000 farm households
in 3,058 enumeration districts)
Rice Production Survey
- Cities/Counties
Nut Production Survey
- Provinces
Construction
- Provinces
Transportation
- Provinces
Wholesale and Retail Trade and
Services
- Provinces
Monthly Economically Active Population
Survey
Farm Household Economy Survey
- Provinces (32,000 households)
- Provinces (3,200 farm households)
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Source of Regional Statistics in Korea – Processed and Registration
Cycle
Title of statistics
Spatial units data available
5 year
Population Projection
- Provinces
Annual
Gross Regional Domestic Product - Provinces
Vital Statistics based on Vital
Registration System
- Cities/Districts/Counties
Quarterly
Internal Migration based on
Resident Registration System
- Cities/Districts/Counties
Monthly
Indices on Industrial Production,
Shipment and Inventories
- Provinces
Consumer Price Indices
- 38 Cities
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Statistics Given High Priority for Development in Korea
Areas in statistics
Target of spatial units
Responsible agency
Statistics on household
income annually
Provinces
KNSO
Population estimates
annually
Cities/Counties/Districts KNSO
Gross Regional Domestic
Product annually
Cities/Counties/Districts Each provincial government
Labor Force Survey
quarterly
Cities/Counties/Districts KNSO together with each
local government
Output Indices on Service
Industries quarterly
Provinces
Social Statistics Survey
annually
Cities/Counties/Districts Each lower-level local
government
Statistics on Tourism
Cities/Counties/Districts Each provincial government
Statistics on agriculture
sector annually
Cities/Counties
KNSO together with each
local government
Each lower-level local
government
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Availability of Sub-national Unemployment Statistics
Country
Periodicity
Spatial Units Available
Method of Compilation
Korea
Monthly
Only for 16 provinces Labor Force Survey (32,000
households)
U.S.A.
Monthly
Model-based estimates (Local
For 7,200 areas,
including all counties Area Unemployment
Statistics program)
Canada
Monthly
Australia Monthly
U.K.
Quarterly
For provinces, 27
large cities, 73
economic regions
For 8 states, 77
statistical regions
Labor Force Survey (54,000
households)
For local authority
districts (440)
Model-based estimates using
surveys and claimants counts
Labor Force Survey (28,600
private and 1,900 non-private
dwellings)
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Availability of Sub-national GRDP
Country
Spatial units for which data are
available
Upper layer
Korea
Available for
16 Provinces
Agency responsible for
producing
Lower layer
Under development
- KNSO for provincial data.
- Each Provincial Government
for cities/counties
U.S.A
Available for
50 States
Experimental figures
are available for 363
Metropolitan Areas
Bureau of Economic Analysis
U.K.
Available for
12 Regions
Available for 37 subregions and 133 local
areas
Office for National Statistics
Japan
Available for
47
Prefectures
Available for some
cities/towns/townships
Each Prefecture Government
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Availability of Sub-national Statistics on Household Income
Country
Periodicity
Spatial Units Available
Method of Compilation
Korea
Quarterly
Only at the national
level
Survey (8,700 households)
U.S.A.
Monthly
For states, counties,
school districts
Model-based estimates
(Small Area Income &
Poverty Estimates program)
Canada
Annually
For provinces,
metropolitan areas
Survey (15,000 households)
Australia 5-yearly
For 8 states
Survey (14,545 households)
U.K.
For 12 regions, 37 sub- Estimates from taxation data
regions, 133 groups of and survey of personal
income
unitary authority
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Annually
Some problems associated with
Regional Statistics in Korea
 Lack of Available Regional Statistics
- No data on unemployment, GRDP, household income & expenditure,
poverty level, health status, safety, job vacancy, etc.
 Weak Statistical Manpower at Local Governments.
- Each of 16 Provinces has a statistical section with only 6 staff- members.
- Each of 234 Cities/Counties/Districts has a statistical section only with 1~3
staff-members, but they also do other work.
 High Perception on the Importance of Statistics,
but Low Investment to Develop Regional Statistics by
Local Governments.
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Model for Development of Regional Statistics
 Type 1: UK Model (Highly centralized at ONS) – Korea’s option
- UK ONS plays a central role to develop regional statistics
in collaboration with other ministries and local governments.
- 82.2 million Pound for 5 years (2001/02 ~ 2005/06)
 Type 2: Model of Australia, Canada, USA (Both are active)
- Both National Statistical Office (Headquarters plus Regional Offices)
and Local Governments are active in producing regional statistics.
 Type 3: Japan Model (Highly centralized at Local Governments)
- Each 46 Prefectures has a Statistics Division with each about 50 staffmembers.
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Framework for Development of Regional Statistics
Development by KNSO
and/or Central Governments
Demand
for Regional
Statistics
Developing
of
Regional
Statistics
Identification of data gaps
· Efforts are being made through
seminars, individual contacts
Conduct of demand survey
· Survey is done through provincial
governments
KNSO's selection of local
governments for providing
technical assistance
Expansion of sample sizes
and/or utilization of
administrative data, etc.
· KNSO and central governments
Utilization
Development by KNSO's
Technical Assistance to Local
Governments
Division of roles
· KNSO : Provision of technical
assistance
· Local governments : Maintaining
statistical surveys
Dissemination of regional statistics
Construction of Database (by the end of 2008)
· e- indicator system for local governments
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KNSO’s Strategy to Develop Regional Statistics

Direct Development by KNSO
1) Development of a large-scale Annual Labor Force
Survey
- Sample size : 180,000 households in 8,797 Enumeration Areas
- Survey period : 20 Oct. 2008 – 1 Nov.2008
- Survey periodicity : Annual
- Number of interviewers recruited : 1,823 persons
- Spatial units targeted : Cities/Counties
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KNSO’s Strategy to Develop Regional Statistics

Direct Development by KNSO
2) Development of GRDP for Cities/Counties/Districts
- Target year for completion : 2009
- Agency responsible : Each Provincial Government
- Role of KNSO : Providing technical assistance
- Role of Ministry of Government Administration and
Local Autonomy : Overall supervision
- Spatial units targeted : Cities/Counties/Districts
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KNSO’s Strategy to Develop Regional Statistics

Direct Development by KNSO
3) Development of Household Income & Expenditure
- Target year for completion : Not yet fixed
- Agency responsible : KNSO
- Spatial units targeted : Provinces
- Methods : Studies are undergoing
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KNSO’s Strategy to Develop Regional Statistics

Development through Cooperation with Central
governments
- Korea Center for Disease Control : Statistics on health status of
residents at provincial level by increasing the sample size by three
times for its survey on National Health and Nutrition
- Ministry of Labor : Statistics on job vacancies, shortage of laborers
at provincial level by increasing the sample size from 12,000 to
32,000 establishments
- Ministry of Culture & Tourism : Statistics on tourism at the level of
Cities/Counties/Districts through cooperation with each Provincial
Government
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KNSO’s Strategy to Develop Regional Statistics

Development through Cooperation with local
governments
- KNSO has provided technical assistance to
Local Governments, including conduct of pilot
survey, sample selection, questionnaire design,
data processing, etc. (KNSO has secured budget
of 1 million US dollars on an annual basis)
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Statistics Developed jointly by KNSO & Local Governments
during July 2005~July 2008
Title of Survey
Periodicity
Local Governments
Labor Force Survey
Quarterly
7 Cities/Districts/Counties
Labor Force Survey for sub-provincial
level
Quarterly
By 2 Provinces
Survey on Service Industries
Quarterly
By 2 Provinces
Survey on Provincial Tourism
Annually
By 2 Provinces
Survey on Visitors for sub-provincial
level
Quarterly
By 2 Provinces
Social Statistics Survey
Annually
By 1 Province, 16
Cities/Districts/Counties
Mining & Manufacturing Survey
Quarterly
By 2 Cities
Wholesale & Retail Trade Survey
Quarterly
By 2 Cities
Basic Agricultural Statistics Survey
Biennially
By 2 Counties
Survey on Livestock Farming
Annually
By 1 County
Survey on Crops and Cows
Annually
By 1 County
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Application of Small Area Estimation Techniques
 First Study was done during 2002~2004 to find the
possibility of producing overall unemployment rates for 230
Cities/Counties/Districts.
 Second study was done in 2005 to find the possibility of
producing statistics on household income and expenditure
by main components for 16 Provinces.
 Conclusion : It is still premature for the KNSO to produce
official statistics through the application of the small area
estimation techniques.
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Appendix-UK London City’s Statistical Work
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Appendix - Example of Canada British Columbia Government
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Appendix - Example of Australia’s Queensland Government
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Appendix - USA Minnesota State’s Statistical Site
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Appendix - USA’s Portal Site for Regional Statistics
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Appendix - Japan Kyoto Prefecture’s Statistical Division
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References
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Australian Bureau of Statistics, Information Development Plan for Rural and Regional
Statistics, ABS Catalogue No. 1362.0, 2006.
EUROSTAT, Urban Audit, Methodological Handbook, 2004 Edition.
Kingsley, G. Thomas, Neighborhood Indicators: Taking Advantage of the New Potential,
The Urban Institute, Oct.1998.
McWin, Marion and Daniel Elazar, Small Area Estimation in Official Statistics, Room
Document for APEX 2 Meeting, Sept., 2006.
Gennari, Pietro, Towards international comparison of regional disparities in Asia and
the Pacific, PPT version, presented at APEX 2 Meeting, Sept., 2006.
Smith, Jeffrey and Alton Hollett, Getting the most out of small area data, IAOS 2006,
Ottawa, July 2006.
Social Exclusion Unit, Bringing Britain together: a national strategy for neighborhood
renewal, Sep.1998.
Social Exclusion Unit, Report of Policy Action Team 18: Better Information, 2000.
Avrom Bendavid -Val, Regional and Local Economic Analysis for Practitioners,
Praeger, 1983.
Statistics New Zealand, Review of the Statistical Needs of Local Government, 2001.
Trutzel, Klaus, How to Best Organize Regional Statistics – Some Views from Practical
Experience in a Federal State
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