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Building Energy Code Modeling and Its application Cases from China, India, and the United States Sha Yu, Mereydd Evans, and Bing Liu Buildings under UNFCCC Flexible Mechanisms Workshop March 14 2011 1 Topics Outcome-Based Codes and Energy Benchmarking China Building Energy Codes Modeling Advanced Energy Guides for Existing Buildings 2 Outcome-based codes and energy benchmarking India’s Energy Conservation Building Code Ultimate energy performance v. building design and construction Outcome-based codes: energy usage of the building 3 Traditional Building Energy Codes Verification of building design Inspection of actual construction Compliance stages Incentives and penalties Third-party inspectors Traditional code enforcement does not consider: Process loads and plug loads Even with modeled loads, theoretical and actual performance can differ substantially. 4 Enforcement System Compliance Path Prescriptive 5 Specifies minimum or maximum values for discrete components or features of a building Design & Construction Traditional Codes Simple Simulated Performance Trade-Off Compliance of envelope with the code is demonstrated using calculation or simulation software Operations Outcome-Based Compliance of whole building with the code is demonstrated using energy simulation software Government inspectors Third-party inspectors Checks of design and actual construction to get permits Standard for energy performance index or other performance indicator (postoccupancy) Comparison of actual to benchmark data Comparison of actual data to modeled building Audit Government or third party reviewer to confirm building benchmark Government, utility or third-party inspector to review cases of noncompliance with energy performance benchmark Compliance incentives: utility rates (preferential or penalty tariffs); posting rating to inform buyers and potential leases; financial liability for poor construction/ design Energy Benchmarking Compare a particular building to similar set of buildings to establish a benchmark and then scoring the particular building’s actual energy performance against the benchmark Use simulated performance of the building as the benchmark ESCOs and performance contractors Control companies and utilities 6 Verification process Periodic audits at set moment post-occupancy Comparison of energy consumption to benchmark could trigger penalties Comparing a benchmark that could trigger an audit 7 China Building Energy Codes Modeling Investigate the “long-term” effect of China’s building codes/standards on its energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, considering • • • • • Socioeconomic development (income, urbanization, etc.) Expansion of building floorspace and energy services Building retirement and code compliance Regional heterogeneity in building code Regional heterogeneity in the effect of climate change The Detailed Model for China Building Energy Use Socioeconomic Assumption Urbanization Floorspace Expansion Energy Service Demands Urban population GDP Urban Building Floorspace Heating Cooling WH&C Lighting Appliance Rural Building Floorspace Heating Cooling WH&C Lighting Appliance Commercial Building Floorspace Heating Cooling WH&C Lighting Equipment China Population GDP Rural population GDP End-Use Technologies Delivered Fuels Furnace Boiler Heat pump District heat AC Cooker Water heater Incandescent Fluorescent Solidstate Lamp Appliances Equipment Coal Gas Oil Heat Electricity Biomass Trad. biomass The Twelve Building Sectors China Cold Hot Summer Cold Winter Hot Summer Warm Winter Severe Cold Urban Residential Urban Residential Urban Residential Urban Residential Rural Residential Rural Residential Rural Residential Rural Residential Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial 9 Provinces Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu 9 Provinces Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan 6 Provinces & 2 countries Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou, Yunnan Cambodia, Vietnam 6 Provinces & 2 countries Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Mongolia, DPRK Methodological Framework GCAM assumptions about population/ income for China+ Income path for urban/rural for each sub-region Historical info.: Construction Building types Codes/standards U value FSR value Compliance Urbanization assumptions for each sub-region Heating/Cooling Degree Days by Sub-Region Building Stock Model: U & FSR GCAM Detailed Building Model Policy Compliance Base-year building energy consumption by fuel and service Results Advanced Energy Guides for Existing Buildings Core Elements General guidance Packages of energy efficiency improvements at three levels Packages relative to the Commercial Reference Buildings Techniques to ensure energy savings achieved Case studies Building Energy Analysis Economic Analysis Commissioning, Operations, Maintenance, and Verification 12 Contacts Sha Yu 301-314-6736 [email protected] Meredydd Evans 301-314-6739 [email protected] 13 THANK YOU! 14