Transcript Diapositivo 1 - MIT Engineering Systems Division

The Future of Science and
Technology in Europe
José Mariano Gago
MIT
Charles L. Miller Annual Lecture
April 2008
Portugal and MIT
• The MIT-Portugal Programme: a long-term strategic
relationship for
•
•
•
•
Promoting university-industry collaboration
Joint R&D and new economic drivers
Advanced academic and professional training
Knowledge networking: US-EU and at a global scale
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
•
•
A collective book by European
Research ministers
A Resolution of the EU Council (2007)
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
The future of science and technology in
Europe
• Setting a vision for the future of science&technology
in Europe in order to defining common objectives
and goals (national policies but common objectives)
• Vision: S&T is key for the development of knowledge based
economies Lisbon Strategy for the EU (2000): to become
the most advanced knowledge-based economy in the world
+ social cohesion + sustainable environmental
development
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
The Future of Science and Technology in
Europe
- Ambitious goals for the future of human resources for S&T in Europe:
international competition for human resources for S&T will be
increasingly difficult
balanced brain circulation with the US (reverse brain drain!)
positive growth rates of new graduates and PhD in Sc&Eng + increase the share of women
balanced flow of qualified human resources from the rest of the world ( attract and facilitate immigration!)
-
Increase public funding for R&D (->1% GDP)
Promote private investment in R&D (>2% GDP)
Reform and Internationalise Universities+R&D systems
Develop world-class R&D network infrastructure: GEANT, GRID
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
The Future of Science and Technology in
Europe
The shape of things now
versus
the shape of things to come
The “European Research Area”: a complex landscape and a moving target for science
policy controversy
ERA= 7th EU Framework Programme for R&D (collaborative R&D +JTI!+ERC!) +
+ Eureka! + COST + EraNets + (Why not a transatlantic, global Eureka!+?)
+ International Research Organisations (CERN, ESA, ESO, EMBL, ESRF,
…+ INL!) + ITER +… (A renewal for intergovernmental new ventures?)
+ National Research Programmes, Funding agencies and R&D
performing organisations (Opening up national funding programmes?)
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
The Future of Science and Technology in
Europe
• EU S&T policy debate sets the future of EU at world level
• Input and output US data tend to be used as a gauge for
Europe S&T
However:
European S&T = { EU + EU member states + EFTA countries}
And
EC R&D budget =~ 5% of {Sum of R&D National Budgets}
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
The Future of Science and Technology in
Europe
•
•
•
•
•
•
Government Appropriations for R&D: 0.74%GDP (EU) , 1%GDP (US) including military
R&D intensity (2005): 201 b€ or 1.9%GDP (EU) vs 250 b€ or 2.6%GDP (US);
industrial R&D 64% (EU), 70% (US)
Researchers: 6/1000 workers (EU) vs 9.5/1000 (US).
New PhD/yr: EU=2xUS
Expenditure per researcher in the public sector, corrected ppp: US= 2xEU
Investment in “knowledge” (R&D + Software + Higher Education): 4%GDP(EU) vs
7%GDP (US)
but compare Sweden or Finland (Nordic) with US:
Nordic R&D = 1.3x US
Nordic Sftw =~ US
Nordic HE = 1/3 US
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
Data and all Figures quoted from OECD STI Scoreboard 2005
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
The Future of Science and Technology
in Europe and in the US
Is there room for a common vision of the future of S&T in Europe and the US?
Such a future would require to
Multiply transatlantic, global R&D and HE networks
Develop international R&D organisations and programmes
Invent jointly new economic drivers
Diversify and combine funding sources
Promote the transatlantic debate for new research agendas
However, new shaping factors (political, economic) and very new shaping actors shall
be needed in order to change
The shape of things to come (HGWells) ...
JMGagoPortugalMITMillerLecture
7APR2008
Why not – us?