Transcript Unia Europejska a kultura – czy chodzi tylko o pieniądze?

Cultural industries in Poland
the current challenges
Elaborated by Pro Cultura Foundation
Cultural industries in Poland
• One of the most dynamic labour market
• The most developed are the film, publishing, press
and phonographic industries
• Cultural industries related to applied art, pattern
design, software are starting to develop
• Knowledge on cultural industries is derived mainly
from research of a marketing character
In Poland the issue of cultural industries was examined earlier
than in other post-communist countries
• 1996- first comprehensive research on cultural industries
• 1997- first seminars
• 2001- Culture and its industries as a development chance
for Poland, economists’ meetings
Unfortunately…
•No legal instruments were elaborated
•Culture was not perceived as an element of development
•Culture was not treated as a factor which influence the production
of economic values
Kern Report
• In 2003 cultural industries contributed to 1,2% of
Polish GDP (the EU average- 2,6%)
• In 2004- 230,8 thousand people were employed in
cultural industries (1,7% of all employees in
Poland)
Ministry of Culture
• 2000- cultural industries contributed to 4,5% of
Polish GDP
Different ways of calculation
Cinematography
• 2005- a new Act on Cinematography was passed
• Polish Film Institute was founded
– Polish Film Institute it is a national institution not a quango
organisation
– The participants of audiovisual market pay 1,5% of their
income to the Institute’s account (about 18 million €)
– State film institutions pay 50% of income from financial
copyrights to films which were produced before 31st of
December 1989
– Expert teams, Director decide on grant distribution
– The Institute has a yearly budget of 25,5 million € (in 2001
only 1.8 million € were granted to cinematography
Operational Programmes of
Polish Film Institute
Funds for cinematography in 2007:
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Project Development (1,1 million €)
Film Production (16,1 million €)
Popularising Film Culture (2 million €)
Promotion of Polish Films Abroad (2,2 million €)
Cinema Development and Film Distribution (1 million €)
Vocational Advancement (900 thousand €)
All together about 23,3 million €
In 2006 five sessions were conducted
• About 400 independent production companies
operate on the Polish market
– Half of them employ from 3 to 5 people. Their yearly
turnover does not exceed 260 thousand Euro
– One third employ from 5 to 10 people. Their yearly
turnover does not reach 5 mln €.
• Large distribution companies launch premieres at
the same time as in London or Paris
Publishing market
• 2005- increase by 11%
- New products and distribution
systems (e.g. books attached to
newspapers)
- Publications about Pope John Paul II
Unstable reason
of growth
Fixed tendencies:
•Increase of interest in literary fiction and children books
•Demand for specialist literature
•Decrease of turnovers on the textbooks market
•Growth in the Internet distribution platform
•Largest publishing houses as multimedia companies
• In 2005 about 6 thousand people were employed in
the publishing industry
• Average revenue per one employee increased
– 2005- 100 thousand Euro (2003- 80 thousand €, 2004- 85
thousand €)
• Large and stable group of recipients
• Book as a desired good and media event (promotion,
top lists, billboards etc.)
• Publishing houses benefit from EU Funds
• About 20 thousand publishing houses are
registered in Poland
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About 3000 produce at least 2 books a year
About 450 produce more than 10 books every year
About 200 generate more than 260 thousand € per year
About 135 generate more than 510 thousand €
• The largest ones have a stable financial situation
• Middle-sized companies are in danger
• Small enterprises are in a good situation
• 200 largest publishing houses constitute 98% of
the whole publishing market
– the market share of the largest companies was never so
high
There is a tenfold disproportion in the turnover
between the largest and the smallest companies
Book Institute
• Created in 2004
Programmes
• Translation Programme ©POLAND
– It covers 100% of translation costs and the licence
purchase
• Development of the book sector and the promotion of
readership (II priority of operational programme
„Promotion of readership”)
– 3 calls for applications
• Sample Translations ©POLAND
– The purpose is to promote Polish literature abroad
Prognoses for the publishing market
• Stabilisation of publishing production
• Largest companies will be taking over the smaller ones
• Investments in on-line services and information portals
will increase
• Direct sale will be still increasing
• Decrease of the textbook market
• Fall of the number of new positions
• Decrease in the number of bookshops
• Alarming plan of introducing 7% VAT rate for books in
2008
Future of the cultural industries in Poland
• Culture sector should be treated as an economy
growth factor
• A better strategy, on the micro and macro level,
should be elaborated
• The State should create a better system of indirect
support for cultural industries
• Comprehensive research must be conducted in
order to make rational decisions!
Fact that cultural industries and
subsidised culture are complementary is
accepted
However, the State do not base its actions
on systematic research
Following scope should be analysed:
• Organisation of cultural industries, including its
spatial infrastructure, financing
• The ownership structure, including the attendance of
foreign capital
• State Interventionism
• Offer
• The significance of particular cultural industries in
economy (its contribution to GDP, etc)
• The current state and perspectives of the employment
and the prognosis for new professions in cultural
industries
• EU standards and the future of Polish cultural
industries
• The place of cultural industries in the regional
development operational programmes
• Relation between cultural industries and subsidised
culture
• The participation of information technologies in the
development of cultural industries
• Advantages and disadvantages of regulations in the
Polish law for cultural industries referring to the
cultural activity, protection of national heritage, tax
law, etc...