Transcript SOLID-DER

National Seminar
Role of DER in the EU and Current Status in the Baltic States
6 March 2007
Current Status of Energy Policy on
Development of Distributed Generation in
Estonia
Estonia
Dr. Ülo Rudi
Tallinn University of Technology
CONTENTS
•The Main Economic Indices
•The present situation of the Estonian
energy sector
•The development conditions for the
distributed generation.
•Supporting measures for the
distributed generation
•The main targets for the lager use of
distributed generation.
•Conclusions.
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The Main Economic Indices
2000
6.10
2002
7.76
2003
8.49
2004
9.37
2005
11.06
6.10
7.10
7.60
8.21
9.07
4.45
5.22
5.61
6.09
6.74
7.9
4.0
-29.3
-5.6
8.0
3.6
-39.4
-11.0
7.1
1.3
-42.8
-12.1
8.1
3.0
-40.6
-13.0
10.5
4.1
-31.9
-11.0
Growth of average monthly gross
wages and salaries , %
10.5
11.5
9.4
8.4
10.8
Unemployment rate, %
13.6
10.3
10.0
9.7
7.9
Total primary energy supply (TPES),
TWh
53.0
53.9
58.6
60.3
58.9
TPES ratio to GDP, kWh/EEK’2000
0.57
0.51
0.52
0.49
0.42
INDEX
GDP at current prices, billion EUR
GDP at 2000 constant prices, billion
EUR
GDP at 2000 constant prices per capita,
thousand EUR
GDP change at constant prices, %
Change of consumer price index, %
Foreign trade balance / exports, %
Current account / GDP, %
Source: Statistical Office of Estonia, Bank of Estonia
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TPES ratio to GDP
GDP, TPES,
milj.EUR PJ
9000
450
kWh
/
EUR
TPES / GDP, kWh / EUR2000
8000
400
GDP EUR2000
7000
350
14
6000
300
12
TPES, PJ
5000
250
10
4000
200
8
3000
150
6
2000
100
4
1000
50
2
0
0
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Years
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BALTIC GENERATION MIX 2005
Oil Shale
33%
Nuclear
34%
Lithuania 70%
Latvia
66%
Estonia 91%
Latvia 33%
Lithuania 23%
Estonia 5%
Hydro
14%
Source: Statistical Office of Estonia, Latvia,Lithuania
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Natural
Gas
19%
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Capacity and Production
of Power Plants
Electrical
Capacity in
2005, MWe
Avail. / instal.
Gross
Production
of Electricity,
GWh
2004 / 2005
2523 / 2697
10302 /10201
5.0 / 5,2
22,4 /21.5
Windplants
31.0 / 31,0
7,6 / 53.9
CHP Plants
421
1021
Thermal Power
Plants
Hydroplants
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Used Resources for the Electricity
gas
Production 2005 Hydro Natural
5.34%
Biofuel
0.32%
Oil shale
91.06%
Peat
0.14%
Wind
0.53%
0.21%
Shale oil gas
and shale oil
2.40%
Total Gross Electricity Production 10201 GWh
Source: Statistical Office of Estonia
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Fuels for the Heat Production 2005
Shale oil
8.32%
Heavy fuel oil
0.73%
Other (Shale oil gas
and biogas, black
Coal
liquor)
Light fuel oil
0.82%
7.25%
3.51%
Oil shale
13.49%
Milled peat
1.71%
Liquefied gas
0.05%
Sod peat
1.27%
Briquette and pellets
0.18%
Natural gas
41.33%
Wood waste
19.97%
Firewood
1.22%
Peat briquette
0.02%
Source: Statistical Office of Estonia
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The biggest problems of the oil
shale energy are
• The oil shale energy sector is the biggest
polluter in Estonia
• The big pollution charge
• EU Directive 2001/81/EEC
• Too low efficiency
• The concentrated electricity production
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The Environmental Requirements
Influencing on Operation of Oil
Shale Fired Power Plants
01.01.2008
– SO2 bounding on existing boilers > 65%,
– fly ash emissions < 200 mg/Nm3
16.07.2009
– to reconstruct ash handling systems, and
bring ash landfills in compliance with landfill
directive
01.01.2012
– SO2 emissions total < 25 000 ton/year
The current SO2 annual emission rate is about 60 000
tons/year. The new CFB based capacity
will be erected
01.01.2016 – LCP directive requirements will apply to all boilers
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Strategic Energy Policy Objectives
(1)
• Self-sufficiency
– Ability to cover domestic electricity needs
any time by producers located in Estonia.
• Increase in the use of renewables
– Indicative target 5,1% of power by 2010
(2001-0,1%; 2005-1,1%).
– Main emphasise on the biofuels based
CHP generation and windpower.
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Strategic Energy Policy Objectives
(2)
• Increase in the use of CHP-s
– Indicative objective 20% of power from
CHP-s by 2020 (today 10%).
• Efficiency Improvements:
– Primary Energy Consumption shall not
exceed until 2010 the level of 2003.
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Estonian Energy prospective
Energy Development Plan
2015 (2030)
Primary energy supply,
Oil Shale consumption,
Share of renewables in energy supply,
Share of RES in production of electricity,
Final consumption of electricity,
Required net capacity of power plants,
Share of CHP in generation of electricity,
Opening of electricity market,
Heat consumption,
Share of CHP in heat production,
Emission, share of limit for 2008,
SO2
CO2
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PJ
106 t
%
%
TWh
MW
%
%
TWh
%
%
2000
2010
189
13.2
10.5
0.1
5.4
1980
12 – 14
10
8.5
33
220 – 250
11 – 13
13 – 15
5.1
6.5 – 8.0
2400 – 2650
20
35 – 40
8–9
35 – 40
181
48
90 – 100
50 – 55
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%
Share of electricity from RES to gross
electricity consumption
60
0,9
50
40
Rest of target 2010
48,4
30
RES Share 2005
20
6,8
10
0
4,0
3,1
3,9
1,1
Estonia
Lithuania
Source: Eurostat
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14,2
Latvia
Role of DER in EU and in the Baltic States
EU27
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Instruments for supporting renewable
energy sources
•Renewable energy sources – hydropower, solar energy, wave
energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, landfill gas, wastewater
treatment gas, biogas and biomass
•A network operator is obliged to buy electricity produced from
renewables within the network, which he owns or possesses
•A network operator pays the price for renewables based
electricity 5.17 euro cents per kWh. (Planed 7.34 euro cents per
kWh since 01July 2007)
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Production of hydro- and wind
energy
Wind
GWh
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2000
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Hydr
o
2001
2002
2003
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Consumption of imported liquid fuels
and domestic biofuels
TJ
for electricity and heat generation
16000
Heavy & light fuel oil
14000
Biomass & biogas
12000
Coal
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1995
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1998
2002
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CONCLUSIONS
• In Estonia wind and biomass resources are significant. If
the "right" policies were in place, wind and CHP with
biomass could make an important contribution to Estonia's
energy supplies.
• The development of distributed generation needs the
renovation of the transmission and distribution grids.
• The change of electricity generation technology needs a
good level research.
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Thank you for your attention !
Baltic Oil-shale Power Plant
15. November 2004
6 March 2007
CENERG 3rd TEMATIC WORKSHOP, Katowice, Poland
Ülo RUDI
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