Transcript Chinese Education system - East

Restructuring HE System for 50
Million Enrolments in China in 2020
Wu Xiaofeng
Chen Xin
Wen Dongmao
The IFE 2020 leadership Institute
06/0302009
Our Focus: the Challenges
from HE Quantity

the Gross Enrollment Rate in 2007:
– 23%

Total HE Enrolment in 2002
– 27 million

In 2020
– 50 million or more
1978
1980
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2015
2020
Total Enrollments of Regular HEIs
In 2020 (in million)
51
48
45
42
39
36
33
30
27
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
Outline

Background
 Shifting from dominant paradigm to
emerging paradigm
– Access
– Capacity
– Quality

Policy Implications
Part 1 Background

Demands for HE
– Demographic change
– Expectations to HE

Environment for HE
– Economic Development
– Disparity/Inequality
– Globalization
– Technology Development

HE Structures and Capacity with Dominant
Paradigm
Background(1):
Demographic Change

1.32 billion (2008)
 1.39 billion (2020)
 One Child Policy
Population at various age groups
from 2004 to 2020
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
小学阶段
Primary(6-11)
2008
2009
2010
2011
初中阶段
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
高中阶段
Junior middle(12-14) Senior middle(15-17)
2017
2018
2019
2020
大学阶段
Tertiary(18-22)
Expectations for HE

Family
Children’s future
 Government
Transform population stress to human
resources advantage
Knowledge society/economy
Background(2):
HE Environments

Economic Development
 Disparity/Inequality
 Globalization
 Technology Development
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
The GDP per capita Growth
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Central Area
64% of Land
4% of Population
3
East Area
West Area
Hu HuanYong Line
（黑河——腾冲）
2
36% of Land
96% of Population
1
Income difference between
rural area and urban area
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1.86
1
3.23
0.5
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1985
1980
0
Gini Coefficient
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1991
1995
2000
2004
Globalization

China and globalization
 The most fundamental challenge
confronting HE in its history
 Competition locally and internationally
Technology development
IT development (PPT, Video,
direct discussion via Internet);
2. Transportation development;
1.
Technology development
IT development -we don’t need
go to Institutions to have
education;
2. Transportation development -we
can go to institutions easily to
Providing
more
possibilities
for
people
have education;
to get HE.
1.
Background(3):
HE Structures and Capacity with
Dominant Paradigm
2007
Formal/
Informal
Public/
private
2020
Institutes
Enrolment Institutes
Enrolment
Formal
1908
20
3530
37
Informal
413
7
764
13
Public
2045
22.7
3783
42
Private
276
4.3
511
8

Expanding without structural change?
– Campus?



Land
Building
Facilities
– Human Resources ?


Another 1million have PHD?
Another 1 million Staff?
– Funding?
– Function?
Access & Equity
Equity
Graduate (job)
Study
Access
Access challenges
Largest HE in the world;
2. HE chances for those who need
(except 18-22 ages);
3. National exam based to ?
1.
Access Equity

Income difference
 Urban-rural
 Ethnic minorities
 Gender
 Age
Access Equity
Item
Solutions
Income difference Public and private sectors
Urban-rural
Ethnic minorities
Gender
Age
More public education
resources to rural area
Quota
Equal chance for secondary
education
Off-campus study
Access Equity

Globalization
 Multi-culture
 Diversity
Access Equity

Having more foreign students
 Sending more Chinese students
studying overseas
 Support international institutions
Part 2 Restructuring(2):
Capacity

Resource sharing
– Department/grogram level
– Institution level
– System level

Public-private Partnership
 Formal-informal Partnership
 HEIs - Community partnership
 Global Partnership
Department level
Institutional level
System level
Country level
Public/Private Partnership for
Chinese HE in 2020
public founding
High
Private
Public
Sector
China
China
low
Capacity

Campus




Land
Building
Facilities
Human Resources
 Funding
 Function
Part 2 Restructuring(3):
Quality

Current policy and practice
 Quality assurance of undergraduate Education
Higher Education Evaluation Center (2002)
592 HEIs evaluated (2003-07)
Positive Impact

Physical capacity
 Financial capacity
 Human resources capacity
 Managerial capacity
Problems

Results not convincing
 Single standard and uniform indicators
 Burden for HEIs
 Falsification
Restructuring of QA

Integration of government and associations
 Diversified standards and indicators
 Different stakeholders’ involvement
 Students focused
Part 3: Policy Implications

Public funding for Private HEIs/Informal HEIs
– Need based Loan/Grant

Legislation for Resource sharing
– Awards/ Penalty

Credits transfer for students mobility
 Flexible Salary for Faculty mobility
One World One Dream

http://you.video.sina.com.cn/b/108038721270281574.html
One World One Center
EWC, Hawaii