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Contract Year 1 Review
Signal and Image Processing
Dr. Stan Ahalt
The Ohio State University
15 May 2002
SIP Strategy
• SIP consists of three communities: 1) realtime/embedded 2) algorithm develop & test, and
3) simulation and verification.
• The HPC needs for each community differ –
sometimes dramatically. Further, this community
is spread among MSRCs, DCs,and the service
labs and test facilities.
• Our strategy is to to serve the intersection
of these three communities, AND to serve
the special needs of each community where
resources allow.
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
2
SIP Strategic Issues
• New algorithm design, for
conditioning, processing and
information extraction.
• Improved transmission and storage
of data, since sensors today can
produce copious amounts of data.
• Improved processing speed, in the
design, simulation, verification,
and implementation phases (realtime requirements).
• Incorporating life cycle software
tools to manage exploration, design,
implementation, deployment using a
common framework.
• Increased use of COTS tools.
• Training in new software tools and
methodologies.
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
3
SIP Strategic Directions
The SIP team serves its community’s objectives
by striking a balance between:
• specialized training: e.g., MATLAB and
Simulink as life cycle tools.
• leadership through outreach, dissemination, and
demonstration: DCs, HPEC, VSIPL
communities, CHSSI.
• significant project delivery: image compression,
3D SAR image formation, feature–based ATR.
• long-term vision: XML and object oriented
approaches for data transmission, distribution,
modeling.
These components have been implemented in Y1 as follows…
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
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FAPOC core activities as compared to SOW
• Section 1.1.5:
– Technical support: e.g., assistance to 46th Test Wing.
– Productivity enhancements: e.g., MATLAB/MPI; 3DSAR.
– Training Content: e.g., MATLAB, Simulink, Signal Mining, Image
Processing.
– Community Development: e.g., SIP Forum, GOMAC, HPEC
– On-Site Support: Aug 01 at ARL/Adelphi, ASC on Oct 01;
– Single POCs: Ahalt
• Section 2.4.3, Task 8;
– Technology transfer/transition, with recommendations to the
Government: e.g., Simulink; VSIPL
– Coordination with other FAs: e.g., SIP/CEA/CEN Forum; and with
OKC (requirements and early testing).
– Ensure full MSI participation: submitted independent proposal Y1,
not funded; submitted two integrated proposals Y2
– Informal trip reports: completed to date.
– Presentation materials transmitted to Government: completed to
13-17 May 2002 date.
Contract Year 1 Review
5
User Codes Impacted by SIP
• sar3d unaliased: Rewrote and optimized baseline 3dsar MATLAB
code to interact with HPC platforms
• sar3d aliased: increased functionality by compensating for aliased
data. Provided a calibration preprocessing option
• MATLAB/MPI: new code originating from MIT/LL. Added security
features, tested on alternative platforms and OS’s
• VSIPL: ATR systems require response times of military utility (1
minute or less). VSIPL is being tested as a portable solution.
• Hyperspectral: Learning Vector Quantizier Algorithm ATR Codes
(POC: Bruce Weber and Joseph Penn (AMSRL-SE-SE / ARL-ALC)
• Synthetic Imagery code, CREATION (POC: Bruce Weber and Joseph
Penn (AMSRL-SE-SE / ARL-ALC)
• G. Stolovy HIE Code from CHSSI HIE portfolio
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
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User Contacts and Assistance
• Contacted and assisted approximately 75 users across 3
services, various defense industries, and multiple
universities.
• AFIT, Univ. Michigan, Purdue, MIT, Univ. Buffalo
• AFRL (22)
• ALC
• ARL(6)
• ASC(4)
• DIA
• LLNL (2)
• SPAWAR(3)
• 46th Test Wing
• Ball, Boeing, Lockheed Martin (3), Mathworks, Miltec
13-17 May 2002
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Tools introduced to community:
• MATLAB/MPI: enhanced and extended original toolbox
introduced by Jeremy Kepner (MIT/LL).
• Content-Based-Compression: SAR image compression
tool.
• Junshui Ma, Yi Zhao, and Stanley Ahalt, "OSU SVM
Classifier Matlab Toolbox",available at
http://eewww.eng.ohio-state.edu/~maj/osu_svm/.
• Video Annotation codes: prototype (R. Williams, SNAS).
• VSIPL: installed and enhanced on ARL MSRC platforms.
• Tested MATLAB 6.1 for CSC.
• MATLAB compilers added to SGI, COMPAQ, and IBMs.
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
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•
Presentations:
– Ahalt received a letter of appreciation for a paper presented at the SCI2001, 5th World
Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics, and Informatics, July 22-25, 2001, Orlando,
FL. The paper was cited as one of the best presented papers.
– J. Nehbass made presentation to approx. 20 MATLAB users from SIMAF and NAIC at
MATLAB Day held at WPAFB.
• Conferences:
(Total of 9 papers: 2 additional SPIE papers plus 4 UGC papers)
– H. Li, J. Ma, Y. Zhao, and S. C. Ahalt, “Kernal-based Feature Extraction,” Proceedings of
SPIE Vol. 4726, Automatic Target Recognition X!!, Aerosense, April 2002, Orlando, FL
– Y. Zhao,, H. Li, and S. C. Ahalt, “ Multiclass Kernal-based feature extraction,”
Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4730, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery: Theory, Tools,
and Technolgy IV, Aerosense, April 2002, Orlando, FL
• Workshops:
– SIP Forum 2001 held in conjunction with GOMAC 2001.
– Chaired Session in “MATLAB on many Processors”at HPEC 2002.
• Seminars:
– S. Ahalt invited speaker:Video Annotation and Query, Madrid, Spain, Oct. 2001.
• Training:
– Introduction to MATLAB, ASC, Feb, 2002 (# students = 21); 6 additional courses
scheduled.
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
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Technical Reports and Articles
• Junshui Ma, Xun Du, and Stanley C. Ahalt, “2D HRR Radar Data
Modeling and Processing,” accepted for 2002 publication in
Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing Special Issue on Radar
Signal Processing and its applications.
• Adriana Dapena and Stanley C. Ahalt, “An hybrid DCT-SVD image
coding algorithm,” in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for
Video Technology, vol. 12, no. 2, pp 114-121.
• Jayanth Anantharaman, Ashok Krishnamurthy and Larry Feth, “Spectral
Centroid Effect in Dynamic Tones,” accepted for publication in Journal
of the Acoustical Society of America, 2002.
• S. Moore, D. Pressel, J. Chaves, Reality Check on OpenMP
Implementations, ARL Technical Report (2001).
• Larry A. Lambe, Richard Luczak, and John W. Nehrbass, “Symbolic
Computation in Electromagnetic Modeling,” in preparation.
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
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SIP 003: Detection, Classification, and Recognition
• Fundamental problem in ATR is
number of in-class target variants, and
fully characterizing all possible targets
is infeasible. Challenge is to deal with
extremely large search space, and
inferring a class or target ID from
relatively sparse data.
• Solution: identify and refine critical
components and parallelize
• Funding: $79,775
• Expenditures: 38% (Mar 02)
• 1 Nov 2001 – 30 Sep 2002
• PI: Stan Ahalt
Deliverables and Timetable: (note: dates reflect original Sep 01 start date)
• Feature Based ATR:
– Identify and code components [green]
– XML (7/1) [yellow] Work initiated 4/1.
• Change detection study (6/1) [green]
• ATR MATLAB/Simulink Library
– Identify and develop (8/15) [green]
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
SAR image of tank,
Compressed using CBC.
11
SIP 005: Image Compression, Detection, and Formation
• Objective: In-class target variants make
full characterization of targets is infeasible.
Thus, in order to deal with deal with large
search space, we seek methods to simplify
and regularize common ATR tasks to
achieve robust solutions.
• Soln: identify reusable components and
parallelize, test and refine.
• Funding: $103,474
• Expenditures: 39% (Mar 02)
• 1 Nov 2001 – 30 Sep 2002
• PI: Stan Ahalt
Deliverables and timetable:
• Reports on code scalability (5/1) [green]
• Parallel codes (8/15) [green]
• Documentation of codes (8/30) [green]
• docs on platforms (9/01) [green]
• docs for compression codes 8/01 [green]
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
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SIP 006: Parallel MATLAB/Simulink
• Issue: MATLAB and Simulink are
widely used development packages inside
and outside of the DOD. But, no well
supported, full-featured, parallel versions
of either MATLAB or Simulink.
• Soln: promote set of technical solutions
that realize a viable, complete, parallel,
and portable version of MATLAB and/or
Simulink.
• Funding: $99,160
• Expenditures: 29% through Mar
02
• 1 Nov 2001 – 30 Sep 2002
• PI: Stan Ahalt
Deliverables and timetable:
• advisory panel and meeting trip reports [green]
• report on Simulink and graphics standards (3/1)
[red]. Work has been initiated. Stateflow needs to
be incorporated. Spending profile projections
reflect end-load of effort.
• codes and performance analysis 6/30 [green]
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
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SIP 007: Standards and Middleware
• Objective: Middleware is infrastructure.
SIP community has made only nascent
attempts at developing a collection of
middleware standards that are designed and
tuned to SIP’s unique problems.
• Soln: support middleware that provides SIP
functionality (VSIPL), real-time and QoS cconstrained communications (MPI-RT, RTCORBA), and embeddable and portable SIP
coding standards (HPEC).
• Funding: $101,170
• Expenditures: 18% through Mar
02
• 1 Nov 2001 – 30 Sep 2002
• PI: Stan Ahalt
Deliverables and timetable:
• trip reports [green]
• proto implementation of codes (4/15) [green]JCC
• Develop/refine parallel hyperspectral codes (6/15)
[green]
• Project is end-loaded to expend funds
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
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SIP 008: Training
• Objective: Development and
delivery of training courses in
both software and techniques
that have been identified as
being critical for research and
development activities in the
SIP community.
• Funding: $90,788
• Expenditures: 33% (Mar 02)
• 1 Nov 2001 – 30 Sep 2002
• PI: Stan Ahalt
Deliverables and Timetable
• MATLAB (2) [green]
• Simulink [green]
• Signal/Image Processing [green]
• Signal Mining [green]
• SIP Forum 2002 [green]
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
From: A.K.Kevorkian and L.A.Parnell,
“DoD High Performance Computing
Modernization Program Nurtures Skills
At SSC San Diego,” 2001.
15
SIP 017: Access, Distribution, and Mining of SIP Data
• Objective: SIP and IMT
communities are awash in data.
Tools required to access, distribute
and process this data are inadequate.
• Soln: (1) use XML as a common
language for describing, distributing
and visualizing SIP data, (2)
develop data mining techniques.
• Funding: $51,423
• Expenditures: 57% (Mar 02)
• 1 Nov 2001 – 30 Sep 2002
• PI: Ashok Krishnamurthy
Deliverables and timetable:
13-17 May 2002
0.8
0.5
0.6
class 1
class 2
class 3
0.4
0
Feature - R2
Original Pattern - X
2
• Documentation for XML format for
ATC data [green].
• MATLAB codes for parsing XML
documents [green].
• MATLAB codes for data mining [green].
• MATLAB to output XML [green].
• codes for visualizing XML [green].
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.5
class 1
class 2
class 3
-1
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-0.8
-1.5
-0.6
Contract Year 1 Review
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
Original Pattern - X
1
0.4
0.6
-7
-6.5
-6
-5.5
-5
-4.5
Feature - R
1
16
Core Financial Summary:
SIP CORE
Amount
Budgeted
Jun-01
Jul-01
Aug-01
Sep-01
Oct-01
Nov-01
Dec-01
Jan-02
Feb-02
Mar-02
Apr-02
May-02
TOTAL
13-17 May 2002
Planned
Expense
$ 501,911.00 $ 41,825.92
$ 41,825.92
$ 41,825.92
$ 41,825.92
$ 41,825.92
$ 41,825.92
$ 41,825.92
$ 41,825.92
$ 41,825.92
$ 41,825.92
$ 41,825.92
$ 41,825.92
$ 501,911.00
Contract Year 1 Review
Estimate of
Actual/Forecasted
Expense
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
4,445.30
23,184.00
23,184.00
23,184.00
2,376.11
6,360.00
134,365.17
27,471.83
91,768.41
36,367.38
64,602.40
64,602.40
501,911.00
17
SIP Invoice Status
CLIN 1
13-17 May 2002
CLIN 1 CUM
CLIN 4
CLIN 4 CUM
JUN
0
0
JUL
0
0
AUG
0
0
SEP
0
0
OCT
0
0
0
0
NOV
0
0
0
0
DEC
0
0
0
0
JAN
$143,101
$143,101
$1,636
$1,636
FEB
$37,847
$180,948
0
$1,636
MAR
0
$180,948
0
$1,636
APR
0
$180,948
0
$1,636
Contract Year 1 Review
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SIP Budget
Project Expense ($000)
$600
$500
$400
Actual
Forecast
Plan
$300
$200
March - 68% of Plan
Forecast 100% of Plan
$100
$0
O N D J F M A M J J A S
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
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SIP Budget
Core Expense ($000)
$600
$500
$400
Actual
Forecast
Plan
$300
$200
$100
March - 89% of Plan
Forecast 100% of Plan
$0
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
20
Staffing:
• Number of positions filled: (1) Juan Carlos
Chaves, ARL/Adelphi; (2) John Nehbass,
ASC.
• Number of staff departed: none.
• Length of time positions open: < 1 month.
• Administrative assistant: essential team
member.
• Academic Associate: Ashok Krishnamurthy
(key to continuity).
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
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Summary:
• SIP effort is coordinated and is having a
measurable impact. Strong user base, engaged
UAP, highly effective teamwork.
• Training is key: MATLAB, Simulink, Stateflow
life-cycle tools are being adopted by entire
community. Need for EXTENSIVE HPC clear and
growing rapidly.
• HPEC program evolved from SIP Forum.
• Significant management overhead.
• Some current PET processes are problematic
– Funding timing. Solution: delayed starts?
– Administrative processes: cross-FA activities;
equipment; projects. Solution: greater flexibility?
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
22
3D Synthetic Aperture RADAR (3DSAR)
10 hours processing time to create one image
at one angle on a 1GHz NT workstation.
5,000 times speedup on HPC
resources. Generates all 360
angles at 1 degree resolution.
41 minutes total time
IMPACT:
Targets Under Trees (TUT) Chartered to develop a capability for performing the Find,
Fix and Engage portions of the kill chain process on targets employing concealment with
camouflage and foliage.
Foliage Penetration (FOPEN ) RADAR with Change Detection, information fusion,
geo-registration, terrain characterization, weapons fuze and human-system interface technologies.
Change Detection Techniques Targets will be identified by associating the detections
with fused intelligence information products and held at risk while in hide with upgraded foliage
penetrating munitions.
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
24
SIP 007: Standards and Middleware,
Optimization of HIE using VSIPL
• Detection algorithms used on Hyperspectral Image Exploitation
(HIE) applications require low latencies to process an incoming
hyperspectral image cube.
• Objective for these ATR systems: response times of military
utility (1 minute or less).
• Soln: VSIPL is being investigated as a portable solution to
accomplish the required performance.
• Approach:
1. VSIPL Organization Liaison: participation at February
VSIPL Tutorial and User's Group Meeting
2. Profiling, Analysis and optimization of HIE codes
3. Testing and validation of HIE codes
4. Preliminary results: upcoming at DoD UGM 2002.
5. POC: Gary Stolovy (ARL ALC)
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
25
Porting and Optimization: ATR codes
at ARL ALC
• ALC ATR system: train and test.
• Problem: 1) Improvements in design and
performance of classifier is iterative process
requiring test and adjustment. 2) Data sets
are large and performance trends incomplete
or difficult to adequately characterize due to
the time required for computation (Around 3
days per data set on high end Linux or SGI
workstation)
• Solution: Port and optimize on the HPC
MSRC platforms.
• Accomplishments:
1. Codes ported to Origin SGI HPC.
2. Successful profiling, optimization and
validation of codes
3. Currently: 11 hours per data set (around
654% speedup)
POC: Bruce Weber and Joseph Penn (ARL
ALC)
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
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Profiling of Synthetic Imagery Codes:
CREATION code at ARL ALC
• CREATION is a 3-dimensional multi-spectral (infrared, visible) computer scene generation
program that produces high-resolution synthetic imagery for: signature phenomenology
research, perception and search studies and ATR development, testing and evaluation.
• Problem: 1) ARL researchers developed CREATION using the IrisGL graphics library and
therefore it presents serious machine dependences. Currently it only runs on Iris SGI high-end
workstations, as it requires a fully compliant IrisGL library. 2) ARL Modeling and Simulation
Branch researchers are very interested in the porting and optimization using OpenGL.
• Soln: Profiling and analysis of code.
• Accomplishments:
1. Initial profiling completed: indicated heavy dependence on GL SGI features not only on
the graphical display functionality but also on the basic computational engine.
2. SIP team conclusions: 1) porting of CREATION requires a major redesigning of the code
separating the computational engine from the graphical display. 2) Rewriting of
computational engine requires a porting from GL to OpenGL. Graphical display could be
re-designed using the X Window system. 3) New code could be optimized allowing usage
of multiple processor HPC platforms.
3. ARL users looking for major funding as SGI high end Visual Workstations where they run
CREATION are being decommissioned and they require generating hundreds of synthetic
images for a variety of applications.
4. POC: Bruce Weber and Joseph Penn (ARL ALC)
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
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Network Centric VHF Change Detection
Investigation:
• Real-Time IFP HPC Implementation on RC-12
• Lockheed Martin Signal-Data Processor
• Fast Parallel Implementation of: Mo-Comp, PSAP-type
Processing, Digital Spotlighting, Model-Based MinimumEntropy Compensation Functions, VHF Change Detection.
• Transmission of Real-Time RC-12 Imagery from FOPEN
Ground Station to HPC Facility for Post-Processing.
• Transmission of VHF Change Detection Result from HPC
Facility to FOPEN Ground Station.
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
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User Contacts and Assistance
NAME
AFIT/ENG (Sig. Pred.)
AFRL
AFRL/AARA
AFRL/data mining
AFRL/HECA
AFRL/PLK
AFRL/Rome
AFRL/Rome DC
AFRL/SN
AFRL/SN
AFRL/SNA
AFRL/SNA
AFRL/SNAA
AFRL/SNAA
AFRL/SNAA
AFRL/SNAA
AFRL/SNAA
AFRL/SNAA
AFRL/SNAS
AFRL/SNAS DC
AFRL/SNAT
AFRL/SNNR
AFRL/VACD
ALC
AMSRL-SE-RU
ARFL/AARA
ARL/Adelphi
ARL/Adelphi
ARL/Adelphi
ARL/Adelphi
ARL?Adelphi
ARL/BIO ALC
ARL/Ft. Monmouth
ARL/MSRC
ASC/ENAE
ASC/HP
13-17 May 2002
Organization
Maj K. Pascoe
Don Wiff
Ed Zelnio
WTN
Ray Slyh
Leon Chandler
Rich Linderman
Virginia Ross
Kueichien Hill
TimRoss,
Rob Williams
Vince Velten
Bill Pierson
James Morgan
Jim Morgan
Kelly Miller
Lory Westerkamp
Mike Barnadi
Cathy Deardorf
Smith Tracey L Contr
Jeff Layne
Mitra Atindra
Zeh James
Pankaj Shah
Crhistopher Kenyon
Mike Bryant
Gary Stolovy
Joseph Penn
Mosharrag Qaadri
Pankaj Shah
Bruce Weber
G. Videen
Barry Perlman
Charles Macon
Malas John
Wourms Steven
Name
Organization
ASC/HPMT
Menke Timothy E
ASC/HPTI
Forner Jerome A
Ball Aerospace
Brent Canova
Boeing/AMOS
B. Stribling
CISD
Maggie Hurley
DIA/MSIC
David Foxall
ERC, Inc.
Mark Manzardo
Gateway
Marlon Pierce
Holloman AFB
Bob Shoenfeld
Interlink
Ivan Kadar
JSTAR
Richard Luzcak
LAFRL/SNR
Ballard Cynthia
LLNL
Rob Sharpe
LLNL
Ron Sharpe
Lockheed Martin
David Sopko
Lockheed Martin
Raymond Zoldaz
Lockheed Martin
Richard Ruff
Mathworks
Cleve Moler
Mathworks, Aerospace-Defense
John Binder
Mathworks, Senior Magr.
William Chase
Mathworks, Teest andLoren
Measurement
Dean
Mercury Computers Steve Mills Miltec
Paul Christian
MIT
Alan Edelman
MIT/LL
Jeremy Kepner
MRC
Larry Lambe
NAVO
Andrew Schatzle
Purdue
Linda Katehi
Remcom, Inc.
Raymond Luebbers
Sigma Solutions
Ed Boss
SIMAF
SKY
George Carl
SPAWAR
A. Kervorkian
SPAWAR
Dennis Cottel
SPAWAR
Keith Bromley
U. Mich
Kamal Sarabandi
Univ. Buffalo
Dr. Soumekh
WPAFB DC
Mercury Systems
WPAFB/46 Test Wing
Matthew Thielke
Young Oh
Contract Year 1 Review
29
SIP User Advisory Panel
• Andy Sullivan (ARL/Adelphi,
Govt CTA Lead)
• Keith Bromley (SPAWAR)
• Rich Linderman (Rome)
• Mike Bryant (WPAFB)
• Gary Stolovy (ARL/Adelphi)
13-17 May 2002
Contract Year 1 Review
30
Travel by SIP personnel
Stanley C. Ahalt
6/6/2001
6/18/2001
6/25/2001
7/15/2001
8/20/2001
9/26/2001
11/26/2001
12/19/2001
3/12/2002
3/28/2002
4/15/2002
Ashok Krishnamurthy
6/25/2001
11/27/2001
3/8/2002
3/24/2002
Dayton
Biloxi MS
Warren MI
Boston
DC
Dayton
Boston
Arlington VA
Monterey CA
Orlando FL
Los Angeles CA
M. Bryant et. al.
SIP Forum
TARDEC
Mathworks
CHSSI review
E. Zelnio
HPEC
CHSSI
GOMAC
SPIE
MALC
Warren MI
TARDEC
Boston
HPEC
Dayton
Stateflow
San Diego, San Jose, Malibu
SPAWAR
Juan Carlos Chaves10/3/2001 Columbus
2/26/2002 Atlanta GA
B. Zilliox
VSIPL
John Nehrbass
B. Zilliox
EWIT
B. Weber
EWIT
VSIPL
13-17 May 2002
10/3/2001
11/22/2001
12/18/2001
2/22/2002
2/26/2002
Columbus
Denver CO
Adelphi MD
Columbus
Atlanta GA
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