Transcript Slide 1

RELEVANCE OF LISBON AGENDA
AND EDUCATION
FOR WESTERN BALKANS COUNTRIES
Višnja Samardžija, PhD
Institute for International Relations
Zagreb, 2007.
Content of presentation
The revised Lisbon Strategy
Goals, priorities, achievments
Instruments and activities
Education goals of Lisbon
How are the WB countries prepared to
approach Lisbon strategy goals?
Strategic documents
Institutional aspects
Implementing mechanisms
Benchmarking
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
The Lisbon Strategy – starting
points
The Lisbon goals
Lisbon European Council, 2000 – “to become
the most competitive and dynamic knowledgebased economy in the world by 2010, capable
of sustainable economic growth with more and
better jobs and greater social cohesion”
The redefined Lisbon strategy
“Working together for growth and jobs – A
new start for the Lisbon Strategy” (March
2005)
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
Priorities – revised Lisbon
1. Making Europe a more
attractive place to invest
and work
1. Extend and deepen the internal market
2. Ensure open and competitive markets inside and
outside Europe
3. Improve European and national regulation
4. Expand and improve European infrastructure
2. Knowledge and
innovations as driwing
forces of growth
5. Increase and improve investment in Research
and Development
6. Facilitate innovation, the uptake of ICT and the
sustainable use of resources
7. Contribute to a strong European industrial base
3. Creating more and
better jobs
8. Attract more people into employment and
modernise social protection systems
9. Improve the adaptability of workers and
enterprises and the flexibility of labour markets
10. Invest more in human capital through better
education and skills.
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
Lisbon: priority areas for
action
European Spring Council, 2006
Investing more in knowledge and innovation
Unlocking business potential, especially of
SMEs
Getting people into work
Efficient, secure and sustainable energy
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
1.
Investing more in knowledge and
innovation
• Promote polices and actions aiming to achiev 3% objective for
R&D spending by 2010
• Adopt FP7 and CIP Programme
• Establish European Research Council aimed at raising excellence
of the best research teams
• Create single, competitive and open European labour market for
researchers
• Develop a broad-based information strategy for Europe that
translates investment in knowledge into products and services
• Develop a comprehensive Lifelong Learning strategies (MS) and
EU Lifelong Learning Programme 2007-2013
• Facilitate universities’ access to complementary sources of
funding
• Develop managerial skill and competencies for the people
involved to transfer the research results to business community
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
2.
Unlocking business potential, especially of
SMEs
Develop national strategies to foster competitiveness, innovation
and productivity
Explore options for establishing measurable targets in specific
sectors for reducing administrative burdens by 2006
Establish by the end of 2007 a “one-stop-shop” or arrangements
with equivalent effect
Reduce the average time for setting up a business, especially an
SME, with objective of being able to do this within one week
anywhere in the EU by the end of 2007
recruitment of a first employee should not involve more than one
public administration point.
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
3. Getting people into work
Reduce unemployment, adopt a real lifecycle approach to employment by:
 reducing early school leaving for 10% by 2010;
 85% of 22 years old should have completed upper secondary education;
 offering job to every young person who has left school / university or
additional training within six months of becoming unemployed by the end
of 2007, and within 4 months by 2010;
 implementing policies to promote women’s employment; approved the
European Pact for Gender Equality;
 increasing availability of quality childcare in line with MS’ own national targets;
 implementing active ageing strategies, incentives for prolonging working lives,
gradual retirement, use of part-time work and improvements to the working
environment;
 pursuing reforms by MSs in labour market and social policies;
 establishing the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund (1 January 2007)
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
Obligations of the EU and
member states
EU
• Community Lisbon Programme
• New Integrated guidelines for growth and
employment
• Annual Progress report
• Coordination of implementation
Member states
• National Reform Programmes (NRPs)
• National Lisbon coordinators
• Implementation!!!
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
Stronger implementing
mechanisms?
Integrated guidelines for growth and employment
Macroeconomic
Microeconomic
Employment guidelines
Open method of coordination (OMC)
Soft approach - evaluation, monitoring, reporting
Exchange of best practice instruments
Peer reviews
Quantitative and qualitative indicators
benchmarks, scoreboards
Process of mutual learning aiming to develop coherent
policies
Competitiveness reports, or composite indicators on
knowledge society in areas such as R&D and human
capital
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
The framework of indicators and
benhmarks for monitoring
Improving quality of education and training
Promoting efficiency in education and training
Making lifelong learnig a reality
Key competences among young people
Modernising school education, vocational
education and training
Modernising higher education (Bologna
process)
Employability !!!
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
Convergence towards common EU
goals
Strategy
Policy
Action Plan
Capacity
Legal framework
Human capital
Physical capital
• Equipment/infrastr.
• expenditure
Commitment to
reforms
Adopting Lisbon
instruments
Measures, deadlines,
implementing bodies
Social dialogue,
partnership
Implementation!
Lisbon strategy and candidates
Barcelona Summit (2002)
Lisbon Strategy – incentive for candidates to
implement objectives as a two-way learning process
Western Balkans
Lisbon objectives do not constitute additional criteria
...but, Lisbon objectives reflected in EU policies towards
region in areas that can be considered priorities under
European/Accession Partnerships
Lisbon strategy priorities should be differently
interpreted by each country (considering level of
development, individual stage of rapprochement to EU)
Implemenation of Lisbon goals complementary to
fulfilment of Copenhagen criteria
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
Implementation of revised Lisbon
strategy ... and candidates
REVISED
LISBON
STRATEGY
Lisbon
objectives are
not additional
EU criteria!
European
Commission
+
European Council
Eur. Parliament
EESC
Comm.of Regions
Soc. partners
Candidate countries
...
WB countries
+
Member States
(25)
But...
EU policies towards WB region
reflect Lisbon activities that can be
considered as priorities under
European/Accession Partnerships
Implemenating Lisbon goals - complementary to fulfilling Copenhagen criteria
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
Croatia – (towards) implementing
Lisbon goals
Croatia does not have a coherent Lisbon Action Plan
Some of the aims and activities leading to it’s implementation
introduced in different strategic documents
Strategic Development Framework (2006-13) adopted
National Programme for Integration into EU (anually)
Science and Technology Policy 2006-10
55 Recommendations for Raising Croatia’s Competitiveness
Programme of Incentives for SME (2004-08) + Operative plan
(2006)
Croatian Programme for Innovative Technological Development
National Strategy for Development of Intellectual Property (200510)
... other
Existing documents cover only partly Lisbon agenda
Need for development operational action plan/plans for
implementing Lisbon goals
targets, instruments, dealines, responsibilities
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
Benchmarks
Indicators only partly registered by national
statistics bureaus
Need to further develop system of collecting and
monitoring qualitative and quantitative indicators
Example:
Innovation benchmark - rather weak and
underdeveloped area, lack of resources (financial
support, man-power, premises)
Activities in progress: preparations for participation in EU
benchmark programmes and system of monitoring
indicators (EU benchmark programmes for innovation)
Support from the PHARE programme
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
Ranking and Scores
of Potential EU Member Countires
Source: World Economic Forum. The Lisbon Review 2006.
Measuring Europe’s Progress in Reform.
R&D: investing more in
knowledge and innovation
Need to increase the overall R&D investment (EU goal 3% of
GDP by 2010, of which 2/3 from private sector)
Developing Action Plan for increasing R&D expenditure
identify R&D targeted level of expenditure for R&D (eg. Croatia
2% in 2010, share 1:1)
develop overall strategy to achieve targets, coordinated
measures, actions, monitoring mechanisms
Expenditure on R&D low:
Croatia: 1,28% of GDP (EU average 1.9%)
targeted share public/private sector 1:2
Need to participate in the OMC in favor of the 3% objective
(CREST)
Innovation - positive (but limited) results achieved
HITRA, Croatian Programme for Innovative Technological
Development
should be coordinated with measures involving all the
components of the National Innovation System (NIS)
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
Completion of upper secondary education
% of population (20-24) that have completed education
European Benchmark 85%
Source: Eurostat (Labour Force Survey)
“Progress towards the Lisbon Objectives in Education and Training”
Report 2006, 16.05.2006.
Number of tertiary graduates in MST (mathematics and technical studies) per
1000 inhabitants, aged 20-29
European Benchmark ↑ 15%
(Ireland, France, UK)
Croatia 5,4
Source: Eurostat
“Progress towards the Lisbon Objectives in Education and Training”
Report 2006, 16.05.2006.
Total public expenditure on education
(% GDP, 2000 - 2002)
Izvor: Eurostat
“Progress towards the Lisbon Objectives in Education and Training”
Report 2006, 16.05.2006
Croatia:
Present expenditure 4.4%
Target 4.9%
Expenditure for education from private sources
(%GDP, 2000 - 2002)
Source: Eurostat
“Progress towards the Lisbon Objectives in Education and Training”
Report 2006, 16.05.2006.
Expenditure in education
sector - WB countries
Education sector in WB countries reflects handicap
of small economies in achieving economies of scale
Smallest economies have the highest levels of
expenditure in education (Kosovo 5.7% of GDP,
Montenegro 5%, others 3%)
the trend is revised when considering results attainded!
Enrolment ratios – all WB countries present
similar level in primary and secondary enrolment
ration, the largest countries show the highest level
in tertiary education (50% Serbia, 13.6
Montenegro, Croatia)
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
All enrolments in higher education, independent of age,
as a percentage of 20-24 year old in population
(Poland, Baltics, Slovenia – strongest growth)
Izvor: Eurostat
“Progress towards the Lisbon Objectives in Education and Training”
Report 2006, 16.05.2006
Participation in vocational stream of upper secondary education,
(% of pupils in upper secondary education enrolled in vocational
stream)
Source: Eurostat
“Progress towards the Lisbon Objectives in Education and Training”
Report 2006, 16.05.2006.
Strengthening competitiveness:
unlocking business potential (SMEs)
Example of CROATIA
Introducing “one-stop-shop” concept”
HITRO.HR service
shortening the duration procedure of
establishing a company (six days)
HITRORez
Web page: Business Navigator (June 2006)
Competitiveness barometer (NCC, 2006)
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
Business Navigator, Croatia
Global competitiveness index
• Global Competitiveness Report (GCR)
• Croatia included in 2002
– International Economic Forum
• Davos + NVK
– benchmarking
• Comparison with 104 world countries
– Position of Croatia, GCR 2006/07
• ↑ competitiveness growth index 51/104 (64 in 2005, behind
new MS, but better than Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey)
• ↑ business competitiveness index: 56 instead of 65
– Imperative: to increase competitiveness!
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
Lessons for WB countries
Lisbon strategy is not obligatory for candidate
voluntary adoption of good practice
Identification of own priorities:
respecting national and regional differences, defining
specific, individual goals
Negotiations on EU membership
prioritisation of the Lisbon strategy goals in defferent
area (R&D)
participation in implementig mechanism (OMC)
Adopting best practice of new MS (National
Reform Programmes)
Croatia best positioned as compared with EU
candidates
transfer the knowledge to WBc
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]
Conclusions
Lisbon strategy goals remain the main reform framework
for EU, relevant for WBc
Raising awareness and understanding on Lisbon goals and
implementation mechanisms during accession process
necessary
Prioritisation and seequencing goals according individual
situation and needs
Development of the system of collecting and monitoring
qualitative and quantitative indicators necessary,
corresponding to structural indicators (EUROSTAT)
Adopting best practice
Lisbon Action Plans not dseveloped in the region,
mix of policies exist that work in the same direction. But, they are
neither fully coherent nor coordinated
Imited progress made, stronger efforts needed
IMO
Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnose
Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]