Transcript Electronic Media – Present and Future

Digital Broadcast Technology
Development
Presented by
John Yip
Chief Engineer
RTHK
2006.12.06
1
1. Introduction
Broadcast Development
TV on Cable and
Satellite,
MUSE analog HD
(T-DMB, DVB-H,
MediaFLO, One Seg)
DAB
TV
1960
• DTT/ HDTV
• IPTV
• Mobile TV
1970
1980 1990
2000
2
1. Introduction
Quad-play Mix: TV/ IT/ Telecom/ Wireless
SD-TV, Broadband Internet, 2.5G, WiFi
Yesterday
DTT/ HDTV, IPTV-SD, 3G, S/T-DMB,
WiMax
Today
Tomorrow
DVB-H, CMMB, IPTV-HD on
VDSL2, 4G-OWA ?
* Mature Digital TV and IP Technologies:
New Digital Age
Multi-platforms (horizontal) and multi-
qualities (vertical) for the viewers.
Challenge
Maximize ROI (savings,
revenue)/ business value.
3
1. Introduction
Convergence
Converging technologies lead to a
divergence of viewers’ choices.
Quality
Quality: traded-off against mobility,
transmission costs. Video bitrates, from 0.2
Mbps (for mobile phones) to over 100 Mbps
for HDTV. Quality vs user cost, but
technologies provide flexibility, improvements.
4
1. Introduction
Content is King + Customer is Queen
Compelling contents can drive people to buy new
technologies, e.g. sports.
People’s habits/ life styles are then gradually
changed by the new technologies.
General Trends
-
Ubiquitous: anywhere, anytime, desired form
Mobility increases
Threshold of acceptable quality dropping
Networked environment eg office, home
Time-shifted viewing/ listening eg PVR, ipod
Interactive
5
2. Technologies
Media Technologies
Wireless
Services,
Radio,
MMM
DDD
TV,
TTT
6
2. Technologies - Radio
Radio : DAB, DRM, DMB
DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting)
A technology for multi-channel audio broadcasts. Based on
European Eureka-147 standard, developed in mid 1990’s.
DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale)
An open-source platform for digital radio broadcasting in
AM, SW or FM bands. Fits within existing AM channel
bandwidth.
DMB (or T-DMB, Digital Multimedia Broadcasting)
A digital system for sending data, radio and TV to mobile
devices such as mobile phones. Developed by S. Korea (TDMB, S-DMB). DAB-compatible.
7
2. Technologies - TV
TV - DTT
(Digital Terrestrial TV)
Using digital technology to provide
- more channels (SDTV) and/ or
- better picture (HDTV) and sound (surround)
through a TV antenna eg on top of the roof,
instead of using cable, satellite or internet.
8
2. Technologies - TV
TV - HDTV
(High Definition TV)
16 x 9 aspect ratio.
Studio Standard: 1080/50i in 50Hz countries (HK/China).
720/50p is also used in Europe, Australia.
Transmission standard: country-dependent.
Picture information about 5 times that of conventional TV
Needs critical camera focusing and attention to the wide
aspect ratio. OB can use fewer cameras.
Compatibility with 4x3 SDTV: some down-convert to 14x9
or 13x9.
9
2. Technologies - TV
TV - DTT / HDTV
Chart 1: World-wide, DTT/ HDTV Transmission
Economies
Technical
Progress
China
(Mainland)
DMB-T/ H
5 HDTV program channels in service.
Analog off : later than 2015.
Europe
Satellite, mainly
24 HD channels in service eg Euro1080
HDTV. Germany: Pay-HD. See also UK.
USA
ATSC
>17M DTV sets sold. Most TVs have ATSC
tuners. >1,525 stations, 211 cities. Analogoff planned : Feb. 17, 2009.
Canada
ATSC
>1.2M sets. >21 HD channels.
S. Korea
ATSC
DTT sets >3M sets, about 2/3 are HD ready.
10
2. Technologies - TV
TV - DTT / HDTV
Chart 1: World-wide, DTT/ HDTV Transmission (Cont.)
Economi
es
Technical
Progress
UK
DVB-T, 8 MHz
>10 M DTT Rx’s, >1.4M sets are HD-ready.
BBC to introduce HD in 2007.
Australia
DVB-T, 7 MHz
Jan. 2001, DTT commenced.
>2 M DTT units. Free-to-air HD broadcasts.
Analog off by 2012.
Japan
ISDB-T
DTT >12 M sets, about 7M are HD ready.
HD started in 12/2003. Analog off by July 24,
2011.
11
2. Technologies - TV
TV - IPTV
(Internet Protocol TV)
Use of Internet Protocol (IP) for home TV transmission,
can be over phone lines, via optical fibre trunks.
Flexibility of including interactive services and HDTV.
Offers many TV channels, viewer-targeting.
For HDTV, application of MPEG4 AVC (H.264)/ VC-1
(WMV) coding, VDSL2/ ADSL2+ technologies or Fibre
to the Home/ Building (FTTH/ FTTB).
12
2. Technologies - Mobile TV
Mobile TV
Broadcast to hand-sets (mobile phones, PDAs),
notebook PCs, etc. Interactive and audio services.
T-DMB (Terrestrial-DMB)
Evolved from DAB. Allows video, audio and data to be
transmitted to mobile devices. More efficient audio coding.
Backward compatible with DAB audio (MUSICAM).
DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting – Handheld)
Tailored for transmitting multiple TV channels to mobile
devices. Time-slicing technology conserves battery power
of mobile devices.
13
3. HDTV and Economics
* Chicken vs egg; (govt. + industry) vs
consumers; content creation vs consumption;
market size vs consumers’ costs.
* Economics: predictive of a rapid roll-out of
costly digital HDTV.
• AI (Affordability Index)
= Normalized (GDP * GDP-per-capita) (using PPP)
GDP --> size of economy --> strength for
driving technology/ content creation.
GDP-per-capita --> consumer’s ability buy
new devices/ contents.
14
3. HDTV and Economics
Ranking of Major Economies, by AI
AI Rank
(2005)
AI*
Economies
GDP Rank
1
100.0
United States (ATSC)
1
2
66.2
European Union (DVB-T)
2
3
22.7
Japan (ISDB-T)
4
4
9.8
China, mainland (DMB-T/ H)
3
5
6.8
Canada
12
6
4.0
Australia
17
7
3.9
Korea, South
15
*Normalized to 5.17E+17 (2005 est. data), i.e. 100. (E means “10 to the power of”).
GDP: PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) based. Data source: The World Fact Book.
Note: Shaded ones are in the Asia-Pacific region.
15
3. HDTV and Economics
AI (est. 2004 & 2005 Data)
AI
Rank
(2004)
2004 Data
2005 Data
Economies
Regions
AI*
GDP Rank
AI*
GDP Rank
Change in AI
(%)
1
United States
N. America
100.0
1
100.0
1
0.0
2
European Union
EU
66.5
2
66.2
2
-0.5
3
Japan
A-Pacific
23.4
4
22.7
4
-3
4
Germany
EU
14.4
6
14.0
6
-2.8
5
United Kingdom
EU
11.2
7
11.2
7
0
6
France
EU
10.6
8
10.5
8
-0.9
7
Italy
EU
9.5
9
9.0
9
-5.2
8
China, mainland
A-Pacific
8.6
3
9.8
3
14
9
Canada
N. America
6.8
12
6.8
12
0
10
Spain
EU
4.6
14
4.9
14
6.5
11
Australia
A-Pacific
4.0
17
4.0
17
0
12
Korea, South
A-Pacific
3.8
15
3.9
15
2.6
* Normalized to 4.71E+17 (2004) or 5.17E+17 (2005) respectively.
16
3. HDTV and Economics
Observations from AI (affordability index) data:
-
USA, Europe, Japan established DTT/ HDTV standards
(ATSC, DVB-T, ISDB-T). China (mainland) has recently
established a standard in Aug., 2006. AI of 9.8 seems to
be the minimum threshold.
-
In Europe, the ranking order is Germany, UK, France,
followed by Italy/ Spain.
-
For Europe, a wide-coverage technology such as
satellites is beneficial (in fact, satellites are prevalent).
-
HDTV activity is most intense in economies with an AI
index >= 3.8 (2004 data) or 3.9 (2005 data), approx.
-
AI ranking for the top economies has not changed a lot
over 2004-2005. (For Hong Kong, AI = 1.7 (2004) and 1.8
(2005); synergy with mainland China is an important
factor.)
17
3. HDTV and Economics
Expanded List showing Rollouts
AI
Rank
AI*
Economies
GDP
Rank
GDP/
capita
Rank
HDTV
sets
(est. M)
Pop.
(est. M)
TVH
(est. M)
HDTV
sets /
capita
(est. %)
HDTV
sets /
TVH
(est. %)
1
100
United States
1
2
17
296
110
5.7
15.4
2
66.5
European Union
2
32
3
23.4
Japan
4
21
127
47.5
5.5
14.7
4
14.4
Germany
6
24
82
34.2
5
11.2
United Kingdom
7
19
60
24.3
6
10.6
France
8
23
61
23
7
9.5
Italy
9
30
58
21
8
8.6
China, mainland
3
121
1,306
330
9
6.8
Canada
12
15
33
12
10
4.6
Spain
14
39
40
13.1
11
4.0
Australia
17
17
1
20
12
3.8
Korea, South
15
52
3
49
457
7
1.4
1.2
2.3
5.8
3.6
10.0
7.3
5
13.7
13.8
6.1
21.7
Note: Shaded: figures not available; figures for EU are hard to find. (5 columns on the left: est. 2004
data.) Sets actually viewed in HDTV < “HDTV sets” ie HD-capable sets (probably less than 1/3).
18
3. HDTV and Economics
Factors: Accelerating HDTV
-
Other factors impact on HDTV rollout: regulatory, pricing,
marketing, etc.
Propelling Factor (HDF) = M (r,p,m,o)*(GDP*GDP-per-capita)
-
where GDP is based on the PPP method, and
(GDP*GDP-per-capita) = Affordability factor,
M is a function of regulatory/ pricing/ marketing/ other
factors
For 0=<M<1 : retarding; For M>1 : accelerating
As (HDTV sets-per-capita, %) increases with HDF, hence
M is proportional to (HDTV sets-per-capita, %) divided by AI.
19
3. HDTV and Economics
Factors: Accelerating HDTV (cont.)
Propelling Factor (HDF)
= M (r,p,m,o)*(GDP*GDP-per-capita)
On breaking down function M :
HDF = (Ar * Ap * Am * Ao) * (GDP*GDP-per-capita)
Strategic factors to foster HD development:
Ar, Ap, Am, Ao
20
3. HDTV and Economics
Factors: Accelerating HDTV (cont.)
Ar – regulatory, mandating early rollout/ early
cessation of analog TV, built-in digital tuners in TV
sets, HD on-air quota, spectrum allotments,
licensing regime, standardization;
Ap – subsidies by governments/ operators, assisting
viewers eg on HDTV STB;
Am – Promotional/ marketing campaigns, to
promote viewers’ awareness;
Ao –leapfrog into HD (eg Canada and S. Korea,
using ATSC, have achieved fast rollouts), adopting
HDV/ low-cost EFP production, D-cinemas/
communal/ public viewing.
21
4. CD • DC Model
Supply
Contents
(HD)
Consumption
Delivery
eg. Terrestrial,
IPTV, etc.
Display
Contents
(IPTV is just one more method for delivering HDTV but it is
not affected by spectrum scarcity. IT technologies are used in
the delivery process to connect the contents to the services.)
22
5. IP TV and Economics
IPTV (HD, SD) and Economics
-
IPTV-HD is subject to the economics of HDTV.
However, for IPTV-SD content production is
less expensive than that of HDTV.
-
Consumer spending power is an important
issue. ROI for the operators is critical.
-
The upgrading and roll-out of a highbandwidth and scalable network is a major
investment. Population density is an
influencing factor. Is Hong Kong no. 1 ?
Propelling Factor (IPTF) = Mi (r,p,m,o) * (GDP-per-sq. km)
Equation applies to targeted cities, for IPTV-SD.
23
6. Mobile TV and Economics
Mobile TV and Economics
-
Content production is far less expensive
than that of HDTV.
-
Affordability is an issue : hardware and
content costs, plus high functional
obsolescence (short replacement cycles).
-
Terrain is an issue (HK being one example.)
Propelling Factor (MTF) = Mm (r,p,m,o) * T * (GDP-per-capita)
where T = Terrain factor, 0 < T =< 1. Terrain factor
is technology (VHF, UHF, satellite) and frequencyband dependent, for targeted Cities.
24
7. Influencing Factors
Hard Factors
Soft Factors
GDP GDP/ capita Pop. Den. Terrain Regulatory Pricing
Marketing
HDTV
H
H
L
L
H
H
H
IPTV (HD), pay
H
H
H
L
L
H
H
IPTV (SD), pay
L
M
M
L
L
M
H
Mobile TV, pay
L
H
L
H
H
H
H
New Technologies : Macro-economic, Micro-economic and Other Factors
IPTV: no spectrum issues.
Other factors may also apply, such as consumer behaviour.
(H/ M/ L = high/ medium/ low impact)
25
8. Status of Digital Broadcast Technologies
Technologies
Sets (in M),
world-wide
Main Areas
DAB
>5
United Kingdom
HDTV
> 30
USA, Japan
IPTV-SD
>5
Hong Kong, France
Mobile TV
> 2.5
S. Korea (T-DMB)
Internet Users
> 1,100
USA, China, Japan
Broadband Users
> 200
USA, Japan, S. Korea
Sources : wilkipedia, internetworldstat.com, etc.
26
9. Convergence, HK
- On digital broadcast technologies; not FMC.
- HK: >67% broadband penetration, >131% mobile subscriber
penetration, and >2M 2.5G/3G mobile users. Leading with
>0.7M IPTV subscribers and high mobile penetration. Lots of
potential.
- Synergy with mainland China on DTT/ HDTV development:
HK has one of the highest GDP/ capita and mainland China is
near the top in GDP. HK can help accelerate HDTV roll-outs.
- Chinese CMMB mobile standard uses STiMi for S-CMMB
and T-CMMB (terrestrial gap fillers), 30-3000MHz. HK, with
high rise buildings and rough terrain, is very challenging for
mobile TV using wide-area transmission ie T-CMMB or
DVB-H (unlike cellular 3G). FTA may be less problematic.
27
10. Summary
- TTT (Triple TV Technologies) and digital sound
broadcasting developments are perplexing but interesting.
- Techno-economic equations and an AI index have been
introduced to enhance the understanding of world-wide
developments.
- Technological development and economics are closely
related. Other factors such as regulatory, pricing, marketing
and even terrain exert influences on growth.
- Technological diffusion in broadcasting depends a lot on
content and consumer behaviour; operators have to evaluate
techno-economic and market factors in order to succeed.
28
“HDTV Development” paper published
(searchable on Google, Yahoo HK ),
“IPTV Development” available in late Dec. 2006.
~The End~
Thank You!
[email protected]
29