Transcript The Polar Prediction Workshop, Oslo, Norway, 6-8 October

The Polar Prediction Workshop,
Oslo, Norway, 6-8 October 2010
1. Background
• At its 15th session (November 2009), the
WMO Commission of Atmospheric Sciences
(CAS) recommended, as a legacy of the
International Polar Year (IPY) to:
• Establish a THORPEX Polar Research project to
• improve understanding of the impact of polar
processes on polar weather,
• the assimilation of data in Polar Regions,
• and the prediction of high impact weather over Polar
Regions.
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• The Executive Council Panel of Experts on
Polar Observations, Research, and Services
(EC-PORS) recommended that
• efforts be made to further polar prediction
for weather and climate and to extend
efforts to snow, ice, carbon, and ecosystem
modelling and analysis.
This requires involvement from:
– World Weather Research Programme (WWRP),
including THORPEX,
– the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW),
– and the World Climate Research Programme
(WCRP) and support from WMO Members.
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Improving Polar Predictions
– General Recommendations
Verification
formal inter-comparison of polar predictions (pole-wards of 60oN and 60oS)
using the existing WMO procedures and, if necessary, the adoption of new
metrics for these comparisons need to be initiated
strengthening of verification activity utilizing operational and research data
bases such as the TIGGE data bases is needed
Data Assimilation and Observation
the establishment of the utility of existing surface based and satellite
observations through data assimilation experiments (e.g. CONCORDIASI
project)
“data mining” to catalogue existing databases and reports – this may require
the establishment (or nomination) of a few archive centres to manage IPY
data and data from past campaigns
there is a requirement for new observations for the Polar Regions
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General Recommendations (ctd.)
Predictability and Physical and Dynamical
Processes
There is an urgent need for concerted physical process studies which will
need new field campaigns
We need to establish well thought out numerical experiments with
coupled models in the Polar Regions in collaboration with WCRP
(CMIP5, SPARC)
More efforts need to focus on research and development for coupled
atmosphere–hydrological–cryosphere–surface modelling and
observation
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Scientific Challenges
Assimilation must rely more on the use of satellites.
most radiative channels used for satellite retrieval are for the
free atmosphere, while near-surface and lower troposphere
coverage is lacking
the satellite data is more difficult to use over land and seaice than over the ocean due to snow covered (cold)
surfaces
when using data from microwave channels accurate values for
sea-ice emissivity, penetration depth (into snow and ice) of
microwave radiation, and a realistic first guess of surface
temperature have all to be taken into account.
There is a close link between the microphysical properties of
the NWP model and successful satellite data retrieval.
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Scientific Challenges (ctd.)
The underlying surface and the need for surface–
sea-ice coupled models :
Need for an accurate and detailed description of the underlying
surface in terms of ice, snow, leads, polynyas and tides and
sea-ice characteristics and sea surface temperature
There is a lack of observations and an understanding of the
physical processes in Polar regions
Other issues that were recognized as important for NWP are how
to initialize (snow analysis) and how to treat blowing snow
There is a need for detailed process studies and careful
parameterizations supported by observations
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Scientific Challenges (ctd.)
Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) parameterization
including PBL clouds
The Arctic offer significant challenges relative to the lower latitudes
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semi-permanent Arctic inversion
very frequent occurrence of clouds peaking at more than 90% in summer
PBL schemes need to consider the presence of clouds, while in order to
solve the polar cloud issue, one has to work on cross-cutting issues linked
to the PBL, surface, microphysics, and radiation, as these processes are
closely linked
to much stress (turbulence) in stable boundary layers in existing schemes
the lack of a spectral gap significantly complicates the parameterization
problem as stability functions may have to depend on model resolution
our fundamental knowledge of cloud processes is highly limited, and we
lack key observations to constrain even highly simplified cloud
parameterizations
it is currently not known what determines the phase and mixture of
clouds
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Establishment of an IPY Legacy Project
• This legacy project should be based on a few NWP internationally
coordinated polar initiatives (new or existing)
• A new IPY legacy project should tap into the scientific and human
capacity of the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services
(NMHSs) who have an interest in scientific, societal, and economic
applications for Polar Regions and should include the participation of
the WWRP (SERA, MFRWG, JVWG, NWG), THORPEX, and the WCRP
(SPARC, CLIC, SOLAS) communities of scientists
•
Additionally support for the observational component would be
needed from:
(GOS/WWW),
(GAW), (GOOS),
(WHYCOS),
(GTOS – hydrological cycle parameters (GTN-H)),
GCOS Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P)),
GCOS Terrestrial Network for Glaciers (GTN-G, – parameters of the
cryosphere.
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Establishment of a Joint International Polar
Prediction Project Steering Group – A Proposal
• A Joint Polar Prediction Project, similar to the Year
of Tropical Convection (YOTC) project, supported by
WWRP, WCRP, and THORPEX should be established
• A Steering Group should be established
First task: prepare an Implementation Plan consistent with the
outcome of the Oslo workshop and which includes estimates
of resources and a strategy for the coordination of polar
prediction research
• A Project Office should be established at an
institution with a major interest in polar prediction.
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Improving Polar Predictions – Scientific Challenges
Thank you
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