Transcript open data
Open Science is More than Open Access, but what is it? Susan Reilly @skreilly Executive Director Brussels, October 2015 I’ll be talking about… • LIBER & Open Science • Definition of Open Science • Building blocks of Open Science • What’s it all for? Knowledge Discovery LIBER: reinventing the library of the future • Largest network of European research libraries: 410 in over 40 countries Mission: “To provide an information infrastructure to enable research in LIBER institutions to be world class” LIBER: Information Infrastructure for World Class Research? • Collaborative • 90% of research papers are collaborative • International • 40% of French & German research outputs a result of international collaboration • Rate of citation grows as geographic extent of collaboration increases • Interdisciplinary • Foundation of frontiers research • Data intensive • supports interdisciplinary exploration • … and open Higgs boson 2012 Journal Physics B paper: 6235 citations Libraries enabling Open Science “We believe that the move towards openness will lead to increased transparency, better quality research, a higher level of citizen engagement, and will accelerate the pace of scientific discovery through the facilitation of data-driven innovation.” http://libereurope.eu/wpcontent/uploads/2014/09/LIBER_Statement-on-openscience-final.pdf Open Science Definition “The conduction of science in a way that others can collaborate and contribute, where research data, lab notes and other research processes are freely available, with terms that allow reuse, redistribution and reproduction of the research” https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/foster-taxonomy/open-science-definition The problem with defining Open Science • Means is often confused with the end • Ultimate goal is to be a transient term i.e. Open Science = Science • Aims to bring coherence and vision to a range Science of different Open open activities e.g. open access, = Diversity open data, open software • Key is changing practice and culture, which is different for every stakeholder Open Science Goals • Transparency in experimental methodology, observation, • • • • and collection of data Public availability and reusability of scientific data Public accessibility and transparency of scientific communication Citizen engagement* Using web-based tools to facilitate scientific collaboration Dan Gezelter, http://www.openscience.org/blog/?p=269 *EU Move away from a 300 year old model! Work. Finish. Publish! (Faraday) To an Open Science Landscape Collaboration Open infrastructure New forms of peer review Research data management Open access publishing Policy Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) Alternative Metrics Open data Open science Advocacy & training Coyright & licencing Open educational resources Building block: open access “We write to communicate an untenable situation facing the Harvard Library. Many large journal publishers have made the scholarly communication environment fiscally unsustainable and academically restrictive. ” Harvard University Library, 2012 Moved beyond the tipping point: http://www.sciencemetrix.com/pdf/SM_EC_OA_Availability_20042011.pdf It’s not just about the cost, it’s about the value… • Accessible: make it available in accessible formats (XML) • Findable: put it in open and sustainable infrastructure • Reusable: attach clear permissions statements/licences Building block: open data • Need to release the value of data • Benefits: • Jobs (Copernicus= 50000 jobs) • Research productivity (big bang) • Help communities (flood hack) • Cost of not sharing (bird flu) 1.7 million billion bytes of data every minute X 34 Data must be.. • Open by default (G8,LERU) • Usable by all • Available • Findable • Interpretable • Citable • Curated/preserved Building block: skills and training ReCODE Recommendation 10: Support the transition to open research data through curriculum-development and training.The transition to an open science paradigm where research data plays a significant role requires training and education for researchers and for data managers who support open science. Courses for getting researchers and data managers up-to date with current relevant issues are necessary, as well as the development of curricula that contribute towards the development of data science and information management as distinct and legitimate career paths. •Need to embed training in post graduate education •Invest in the development of the data professional •Training provision as and when needed (importance of train the trainer) •Training and support for new tools and methods Building block: infrastructure • International • Open • Interoperable • Cross disciplinary • Facilitate collaboration • • • • • Store & Share Sync & Exchange Replicate Compute Find • • • • • Content TDM tools Workflows Standards Interoperability Building block: advocacy… • Advocate for roadmaps and policies that promote open science at institutional and national level • Advocate for changes in practice e.g. data citation, use of cc licences • Promote your Open Science project • Engage new audiences and incentives • Need to change system of incentives and assessment • Move away from journal based metrics • Consider value and impact of ALL research outputs (data, software…) • Align assessment with institutional values • Only a change of system of incentives will truly change practice and culture Building block: policy and legislation • Legal clarity • Interoperabilty (WIPO solution?) • Ensure researchers have right to secondary publication • Standard open access licences • CC-by and CC0/PD Knowledge Discovery in the Digital Age • Ultimate goal of text and data mining is to extract high level knowledge from low level data • Allows analysis across disciplines • “Undiscovered public knowledge” (Swanson) • Identifies patterns in the data to produce new knowledge • It’s not a new thing, it’s just digital information makes it a whole lot more powerful and relevant! Human Computers (1901) 453253424 "This above all: to thine own self be true". http://marlowe-shakespeare.blogspot.nl/2009/02/on-mendenhall-and-compelling-evidence.html Use of words(2009) Marsden J, Budden D, Craig H, Moscato P (2013) Language Individuation and Marker Words: Shakespeare and His Maxwell's Demon. PLoS ONE 8(6): e66813. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066813 Cancer diagnosis(2013) • http://theconversation.com/shakespeare-and-cancer-diagnoses-how-bard-can-it-be15381ata sets Malhotra A, Younesi E, Gurulingappa H, Hofmann-Apitius M (2013) ‘HypothesisFinder:’ A Strategy for the Detection of Speculative Statements in Scientific Text. PLoS Comput Biol 9(7): e1003117. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003117 Copyright v TDM • Because it involves the copying of content in order to convert into machine readable format TDM may infringe copyright • European Database Directive prohibits copying of substantial parts of databases • In US TDM is covered by fair use, other parts of the world have a specific exception e.g. Japan, UK https://www.flickr.com/photos/apelad/304195427/ The problem with licences • Permission culture: Why relicence? Can’t licence everything! • Not scalable or cost effective • Will licence reflect how the researcher actually performs TDM? ME 442 Permission" by Nina Paley - http://mimiandeunice.com/2011/08/30/permission-2/. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ME_442_Permission.png#mediaviewer/File:ME_442_Permission.png Elsevier TDM Policy • Access through API only • Text only- no images, tables • Research must register details • Click-through licence • Terms can change any time • Reproducibility of results 1. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY WAS NOT DESIGNED TO REGULATE THE FREE FLOW OF FACTS, DATA AND IDEAS, BUT HAS AS A KEY OBJECTIVE THE PROMOTION OF RESEARCH ACTIVITY 4. ETHICS AROUND THE USE OF CONTENT MINING TECHNIQUES WILL NEED TO CONTINUE TO EVOLVE IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING TECHNOLOGY • The Hague Declaration: http://thehaguedeclaration.com/the• • • • • • • hague-declaration-on-knowledge-discovery-in-the-digital-age/ LERU Roadmap for Research Data http://www.leru.org/index.php/public/news/press-release-leruroadmap-for-research-data/ EUDAT http://eudat.eu/ Research Data Alliance https://rd-alliance.org/ LIBER 10 Recommendation on Getting Started in RDM http://libereurope.eu/wpcontent/uploads/The%20research%20data%20group%202012%20v7%2 0final.pdf OpenAire https://www.openaire.eu/ San Francisco Declaration http://www.ascb.org/dora-old/files/SFDeclarationFINAL.pdf