Macronutrients
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Transcript Macronutrients
Macronutrients
Carbohydrates
ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS
Both
macronutrients AND
micronutrients are
essential: meaning, your
body needs them to
function properly
Inorganic vs. Organic Molecules
Inorganic:
Molecules
that are not
organic
Are generally
simple and
are not
normally
found in
living things
Organic
compounds:
Always contain
CARBON and
HYDROGEN
Can contain
oxygen,
nitrogen,
phosphorus,
or sulfur
Macronutrients vs. Micronutrients
What are the three nutrients that give you
energy?
These three nutrients are called
MACROnutrients
Your body needs a significant amount of
these nutrients
MICROnutrients
Your body still needs these nutrients,
but in smaller amounts
MICROnutrients do not provide energy
How do macronutrients function in the
proper functioning of your bodies?
Provide
your body with energy
needed to:
Grow;
Repair itself; replace old
cells and tissues; &
Perform other specific
functions/cellular processes
Organic Molecules: Basic Structure
What they are made of and how
they are put together.
All
the macronutrients we study
in Nutrition have the similar
BASIC structures
Are all organic (contain
CARBON, HYDROGEN)
Are made up of one type of
unit repeated many times
(except lipids)
Macronutrients: Basic Structure
Single
unit is called the
MONOmer
“Mono” means “one”
Many monomers linked
together makes a POLYmer
“Poly” means “many”
In other words…
Each
MONOMER is
BUILDING BLOCK in the
structure of a POLYMER
Example: each brick in a
brick house is a monomer.
The house is the polymer.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
are an
essential MACROnutrient:
your body needs a lot of
carbohydrates to function
Carbohydrates are organic:
they contain Carbon, Oxygen,
and Hydrogen
“Carbo” = Carbon
“Hydrate” = water = H2O
Naming carbohydrates:
The GENERAL name for the
MONOMER of carbohydrates is
MONOSACCHARIDE
Mono = “one” and “saccharide” =
sugar
The GENERAL name for the
POLYMER of carbohydrates is
POLYSACCHARIDE
Poly = “many” and “saccharide” =
sugar
Naming Carbohydrates Cont…
Carbohydrates
are
recognizable by their
-ose endings
Monomer? Polymer?
We were working with two sugars, lactose and
glucose, trying to figure out which was which
When lactose was broken down, glucose
became present
Lactose + enzyme
glucose + galactose
Polymer + enzyme
monomer + monomer
Look at the other way:
Monomer + monomer polymer
Glucose + galactose lactose
Disaccharides, Oligosaccharides, &
Polysaccharides
Oligosaccharides: 2-10
Disaccharides
monosaccharide units
consist of two monosaccharides bonded
together
Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide = Disaccharide
1
+
1
=
2
Polysaccharides consist of MANY monosaccharides
and/or disaccharides bonded together
Mono + mono + di + di ++++++++ = poly
1 + 1 + 1 +++++++ = 100 – 1,000’s
Further Classifying Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides,
disaccharides,
oligosaccharides are SIMPLE
sugars
Polysaccharides,
which are made
of MANY simple sugars linked
together, are called COMPLEX
carbohydrates
Specific examples of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Examples:
glucose
(C6H12O6), fructose, and
galactose
Disaccharides
Examples: sucrose, lactose,
and maltose
Specific examples of Carbohydrates
Oligosaccharides:
3-10 sugars
Raffinose and stachyose
Polysaccharides
Examples: starch, pectin,
cellulose, and glycogen
Sugar
alcohols
Sorbitol,
xylitol
A Note on the Classification of
Monosaccharides
• The monosaccharides commonly found in
humans are classified according to the
number of carbons they contain in their
backbone structures.
• The major monosaccharides contain three
to six carbon atoms (triose, tetrose,
pentose, hexose (glucose).