Transcript Identification of Unknowns - University of Missouri

Experiment 9. Identification of Unknowns
SOLUBILITY CLASSES
insol
AA
Litmus red
ether
CA
sol
Litmus blue
AM
sol
Litmus unchanged
N
sol
water
sol
SA
5% NaHCO3
WA
insol
5% NaOH
insol
sol
5% HCl
insol
B
sol
96% H2SO4
N
insol
insol
I
AA
amino acids
CA
carboxylic acids (5 carbons or less)
AM
amines (5 carbons or less)
N
alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, amides (5 carbons or
less)
SA
carboxylic acids, phenols with strong electron withdrawing
groups (5 carbons or less)
WA
weak acids, phenols, enols, oximes, imides, 1,3-diones,
nitro compounds
B
aliphatic amines, anilines
N
alcohols, aldehydes esters, ketones, ethers, alkynes, akenes
I
saturated hydrocarbons, haloalkanes, aryl halides
Unknowns
1. Carboxylic acids can be characterized by a neutralization
equivalent;
2. Amines can be characterized by a neutralization equivalent;
3. Ketones can be characterized by a 2,4-dinitrophenyl
hydrazone derivative, oxime or related compound;
4. Alcohols can be derivatized by phenyl isocyanide derivative,
oxidation to a solid carboxylic acid or ketone;
5. Esters can be characterized by hydrolysis if the acid or alcohol
is a solid;
6. Other compounds can be characterized on the basis of
derivatives based on their likely structure.
Chemistry 263
Preliminary Report Form
Name: ________________
Date: ________
Unknown Number
______
Physical Properties
a)
appearance:
b)
melting point:
c)
boiling point:
e)
other properties you may have measured:
Solubility Tests (use +/- to indicate positive, negative tests)
H2O: _____; 5%NaOH, _____; 5%NaHCO3, _____; 5%HCl, _____ ;
H2SO4,_____.
pH(aqueous solution):
_____ .
Department of Chemistry
University of Missouri-St. Louis
Solid Unknown
Chemistry 263
Preliminary Report Form
Name: _____________
Date:
Unknown Number
______
Physical Properties
a)
appearance:
b)
melting point:
c)
boiling point:
e)
other properties you may have measured:
Solubility Tests (use +/- to indicate positive, negative tests)
H2O: _____; 5%NaOH, _____; 5%NaHCO3, _____; 5%HCl, _____ ;
H2SO4,_____.
pH(aqueous solution):
_____ .