Transcript WHY CLASSIFY THE HAZARD?

CHEMICAL HAZARD & SAFETY
THE BASIC CHEMICAL
HAZARD CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFY CHEMICAL HAZARD
The hazard of a
chemical needs to be
classified for the safe
handling, storage,
transportation and
disposal of toxic
chemicals &
hazardous wastes
WHY CLASSIFY THE HAZARD?
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Rapid determination of the hazardous
substance present and the evaluation of the
potential threat to people and the
environment;
Determine actions that are needed to isolate
the hazardous substance and prevent injury
or death;
To prepare for safe transportation to storage
area or disposal facility; and
Identify the best place for disposal of the
toxic and hazardous waste.
BASIC CHEMICAL HAZARD
CLASSIFICATION
Use of qualitative analysis to
classify hazard into one of 9
Categories
 The 9 Categories are those
used internationally on
Placards
 Identify the toxicity or
toxicological properties of the
toxic hazardous wastes
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9 HAZARD CATEGORIES
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Class 1 - Explosives
Class 2 – Flammable Gases
Class 3 – Flammable/Combustible Liquids
Class 4 – Flam. Solids/Dangerous When
Wet
Class 5 – Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides
Class 6 – Toxic Materials/Infectious
Substance
Class 7 – Radioactive Materials
Class 8 – Corrosive Materials
Class 9 - Miscellaneous
CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL
TERMS
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Common Chemical Terms:
Product: Unused chemicals with known
characteristics.
 Provided in Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS)
Non-Product:
 Used chemical (spent), or
 Wasted into unknown situations, or
 When mixed with other unknown wastes,
no longer has known characteristics.
 It is now a hazardous waste
CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL TERMS
(continued)
Hazardous Substances: Any hazardous
chemical elements or compounds or
hazardous wastes or a combination of
the above.
Physical Properties:
• Color
• Physical State: liquid, solid, or
gaseous
CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL TERMS
(continued)
Chemical Characteristics:
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Acid/Base (pH)
–Burns skin, corrodes metal
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Flammability/Combustibility
–Fire
–Explosion
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Reactivity
–Air, water, moisture, with other
materials
CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL TERMS
(continued)
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Water Solubility
– Water pollution
Flash Point
– Vapor ignite at certain
temperature
Boiling Point
– Indication of physical state
– Vapor concentration at given
temperature
SUMMARY
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Classify the toxic hazardous wastes for:
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Protection of human health
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Protection of the environment
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Workers, people, food
Water, vegetation, air, soil
Safe handling, storage, transportation and
disposal of toxic hazardous wastes
SEGREGATION AND
SEPARATION OF
TOXIC &
HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
WHY SEGREGATE AND
SEPARATE?
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Safety
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Reduce hazardous & toxic materials’ harm
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Transportation (trucks, rail boxes)
Shipping
Storage (warehouse, storerooms, temporary
indoors or outdoor areas)
To citizens
To environment
To workers
International system apply (GHS)
Segregation & Separation
Using International Labels
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Separated & segregated based on IWIC, ICAO or
similar systems
Labels: found on “small things” - packages
– Labels look like Placards, except
• Labels are smaller (1/3 the size of Placards)
• Labels are on boxes, cylinders, drums and
bottles
– Labels indicate the hazard the same as those in
the Placards
Placards are on trucks, rail cars – “big things”
Segregation of Hazards
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Concept: Do not place one
hazard in the same place as
another hazard
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Example: flammable with
toxic gas
The Segregation & Separation Chart
Mixing Group A with Group B may
cause Heat Generation & Violent
Reaction
Incompatibility Guide
Group 1-A
Group 1-B
Acetylene
Acid Sludge
Alkaline Caustic Liquids
Acid Water
Alkaline Cleaners
Battery Acid
Alkaline Acidic Liquids
Chemical Cleaners
Caustic Waste Water
Etching Acid Solutions
Lime Sludge
Picking Liquor
Lime Waste Water
Spent Acid Solutions
Spent Caustics
Acid Materials
Mixing Group A with Group B may
cause Heat Generation & Violent
Reaction
Incompatibility Guide
Group 2-A
Group 2-B
Aluminum
Beryllium
Calcium
Lithium
Potassium
Sodium
Zinc Powder
Reactive Metals
Metal Hydrides
Any Waste in Group 1-A
or 1-B
Mixing Group A with Group B may
cause Fire Explosion, Heat & Toxic
Gases
Incompatibility Guide
Group 3-A
Group 3-B
Alcohols
Any concentrated wastes
Water
From Groups 1-A or 1-B
Any compounds
Sodium Metal
containing water
Calcium Metal
Lithium Metal
Potassium Metal
Metal Hydrides
SO2Cl2+ SOCl2+ PCl2
Water Reactive Wastes
Mixing Group A with Group B may
cause Heat Generation & Violent
Reaction
Incompatibility Guide
Group 4-A
Group 4-B
Alcohols
Concentrated Group 1-A
Aldehydes
Or with Group 1-B
Chlorinated Solvents
Nitrated Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons
Organic Solvents
Gasoline, Diesels, Fuels
Petroleum Products
Group 2-A
Incompatibility Guide
Mixing Group A with Group B may
cause Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) gas
or Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) gas
Group 5-A
Spent Cyanide
Solutions
Spent Sulfide Solutions
Group 5-B
Group 1-B Wastes
Mixing Group A with Group B may cause
Fire Explosion, or Violent Reactions
Incompatibility Guide
Group 6-A
Group 6-B
Chlorates
Acetic Acid
Chlorine
Organic Acids
Chlorites
Mineral Acids
Chromic Acid
Group 2-A wastes
Hypochlorites
Group 4-A wastes
Nitrates
Flammable Wastes
Nitric Acid
Combustible wastes
Perchlorates
Permaganates
Peroxides
Strong Oxidizers
Storage Recommendation
Segregation/ Separation
Flammable Gas
Cylinder
Compressed Gas
Cylinder
Storage Area
Non Flammable
Gas Cylinder
Flammable Storage
Area
Corrosive Storage Area
Radioactive Storage Area
Poison Storage
Area
Etiological/Infectious
Oxidizer Storage Area
Organic Peroxide Storage Area
Water Reactive Area
Spontaneously Combustible
Dangerous When Wet
Explosive Storage Area
Low Hazard Storage Area
Unlabeled low hazard materials (e.g.,
combustible lubricant or oil) and
certain labeled low hazard materials
(e.g., lime, label ORM-B) may be
stored in a general purpose facility or
area
Additional Storage Recommendation
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Material with more than one hazard (e.g., flammable
and poison) should be stored in an area designed to
store both types of hazard.
Compressed gas cylinders are preferably stored out
of doors, protected from the ground beneath and
direct sunlight.
Separation/ segregation should e by physical means
(walls) where possible.
Other regulated materials (ORM) should be stored in
an area designated for primary hazard of the material
(e.g., flammable aerosol, ORM-D, should stored as a
flammable liquid).
Storage area must meet standard requirements for
the hazard.
Mixing of Incompatible
Chemicals can be Disastrous
Incompatible Mixtures
Ammonia + Bleach
Acids +Cyanides
Flammable liquid +
Hydrogen Peroxide
Acid + Oil or Grease
MEKP+ Any Contamination
Acids + Caustics
Caustics + Epoxies
Chloride Gas + Acetylene
Procedures
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Noxious Fumes
Poison Gas
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Fire/Explosion
Fire
Heat/Gassing
Heat/Spattering
Extreme Heat
Explosion
The consequence of these reaction may result in personal
injury, death, property damage, and adverse
environmental impact.
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Avoid mixing incompatible chemicals
Separate/ segregate incompatible chemicals
When in doubt, consult supervisor.
Flammable Liquid
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Flammable material can:
 Burn rapidly
 Give off intense heat
 Produce heavy smoke
 Spread rapidly to other areas.
Some chemicals evaporates making the work area
unsafe…flammable
Evaporation is increased by elevated
temperatures.
Corrosive
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Some chemicals will
breakdown into corrosive/
poisonous gases/fumes
Applies to hazardous
materials labeled: TOXIC,
POISON, RADIOACTIVE,
ETIOLOGIC AGENTS and
others.
Corrosive materials can burn
your skin eyes.
Toxic/Poison
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Principal Hazards
 Poisoning
 Fire
 Environmental
contamination
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Fumes, vapors and dust pass
quickly into the bloodstream from
the lungs
Explosive
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Some chemicals will
EXPLODE in the presence of
heat or flame.
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Hazardous materials such as
Flammable Liquids and
Compressed Gasses can react
like explosive materials.
Water Reactive Spontaneously
Combustible
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Flammable solid include waterreactive and spontaneously
combustible materials.
Water-reactive materials are
likely to become spontaneously
flammable or to give off
flammable or toxic gasses when
in contact with water.
Spontaneously combustible
materials are likely to burn
Thank You !!!