Transcript Working powerpoint file

Overarching application areas
1. Forecasting atmospheric composition
1. All Global NWP variables (e.g. PBL + Tropopause
height) + the ones we want to add
2. Aerosols (aerosol mass, size distribution (1, 2.5, 10
micron), speciation/chem. Comp., AOD at multiple
wavelengths, AAOD, water content, PM2.5, chem.
comp. of PM, ratio of mass to AOD, vertical distribution
of extinction), aerosol size and shape
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Overarching application areas
3. Total ozone, profile ozone, surface ozone, NO, NO2
(surface, column, profile), PAN, HNO3, NH3, CO, VOC
(isoprene, terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones,
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics), SO2 (surface,
column), CH4, CO2, N2O, HCHO, HOx, Clx, ClO, BrO,
OClO, ClONO2, HDO, HCFCs, HFCs, Rn, SF6
actinic flux, fire radiative power, land proxies, lightning, dry
and wet deposition, pollen (key species), OCS
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Overarching application areas
1. Monitoring of the state («health») of the
atmosphere, protocols
1. Assessments, verification of emissions, trends, impact on ecosystems
All Global NWP variables (e.g. PBL + Tropopause height) + the ones we
want to add: SST, deep ocean temp., Solar variability, albedo, land use,
soil moisture, precipitation, sea ice cover, snow cover, PSC occurrence
Aerosols (aerosol mass, size/surface distribution (1, 2.5, 10 micron),
speciation/chem. Comp., AOD at multiple wavelengths, AAOD, water
content, PM2.5, ratio of mass to AOD, vertical distribution of extinction),
strat. aerosol, PSC composition, aerosol number, metals, chem. Comp.
Of PM (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, BC, OC, OM, dust, sea salt, BS,
SOA) aerosol index, refractive index, precip. Chem. composition, aerosol
size and shape, Hg, POPs, primary biological particles
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Total ozone, profile ozone, surface ozone, NO, NO2 (surface, column,
profile), PAN, HNO3, NH3, CO, VOC (isoprene, terpenes, alcohols,
aldehydes, ketones, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics), SO2 (surface,
column), CH4, CO2, N2O, N2O5, NO3, HCHO, HOx, Cly, ClO, BrO, OClO,
ClONO2, HDO, HCFCs, HFCs, Halons, CH3Br, CH3Cl, BrONO2, Rn, SF6,
glyoxal, methyl chloroform, H2O, H2O2, H2, O2/N2 ratio, DMS, MSA, OCS
Isotopes of CO2, methane, N2O, CO, (D, 13C, 14C, 17O, 18O, 15N) also in the
aerosol phase
actinic flux, fire radiative power, land proxies, lightning, dry and wet
deposition, pollen (key species), ocean colour, chlorophyl-A, LAI, PAR,
FPAR, fluorescence, vegetation maps, land use maps, burned areas,
night light, fire counts, wet lands, soil moisture, ship routes, forest
inventory, biomass density, crop lands
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Emission database (global SO2…), emission factors (lab measurements),
kinetic rates
Flux measurements (CO2, CH4, VOCs, NOx, etc.)
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3. Urban/population exposure
Limited to the scale of a few km. Integrated services: floods, cyclones, climate
and air pollution co-benefits. Information needed on the scales from tens of
metres to km, nowcasting. Needed variables to be discussed in the GURME
SAG.
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Forecasting Air Quality for Health and Other Uses
AQ at regional, global
scales
Spatial vs temporal
latency.
Sand and Dust Storms Smaller scale captured
by the urban
Bioaerosols
application area.
UV – health
NRT vs long term
Solar fluxes (ag &
archiving
renewable energy)
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Supporting Conventions and Assessments
Ozone bulletin
Ozone assessment
GHG bulletin
GEO Assessments
HTAP-like
(transboundary)
Air quality and health
of the atmosphere
Careful parsing of
applications vs
products
National assessments
Global Burden of
Disease
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Human health
AQ forecasting
Global burden of
disease
Wellness indexes
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Take note of how we
support health in the
other Application
Areas.
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Biomass Burning Risk Forecast & Analysis
Biomass emission
estimates in NRT to
support AQ, weather
and emergency
applications
This is too specific for
a high level AA.
Reanalysis and trends
to support climate
applications and
assessments
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Emission estimates
Rapid updates to
support forecast
activities
Estimates to support
policies (verification,
quantification,
mitigation, trends,…)
Make sure that these
are represented in the
various AAs, such as
Health and Forecasting
GHGs and pollutants
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Ecosystem and ( ? ) services
Connection to UV and
solar radiation
Biodiversity
Total deposition
estimates for impacts Parse out to existing
to ecosystems (e.g.
WIGOS AAs.
agriculture (forests,
Ecosystem services
crops etc)) (damage &
and biodiversity are not
nutrients), oceans,
covered in the WIGOS
cryosphere, …
list of AAs.
Impact of atm. Comp.
on ecosystems
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Additional applications
Re-analyses of
atmospheric
composition
Research: Budgets,
cycles
Model verification
Air quality/climate
interactions (including
clouds)
Research  ……
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Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
Constraining 3/4
Short-lived climate
dimension distributions
forcers already in the
climate application
Estimating radiative
area.
forcing contributions
Make sure that SLCFs
are represented in
other areas.
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Forecasting air quality
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“Urban-focused” applications
AQ forecasts
Exposure forecast
Haze
Population focused
applications (e.g.
densely populated
regions, such as SE
Asia)
Urban-rural gradients
(heat island,..)
Operational AQ
forecasting is dealt
with in ?
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CMA Shanghai
Urban Community
Responses to Airborne Hazards,
Weather, and
Climate Events
Severe Weather
Risk Mapping
Air Quality
Climate Extreme
Water Quality
Integrated Urban Weather and
Climate Service and its
Supporting Research including
User Interface for Urban Weather
Services
Application Areas – Background (1)
WIGOS Applications:
•Global numerical weather prediction (GNWP);
•High-resolution numerical weather prediction (HRNWP);
•Nowcasting and very short range forecasting (NVSRF);
•Seasonal and inter-annual forecasting (SIAF);
•Aeronautical meteorology;
•Atmospheric chemistry;
•Ocean applications;
•Agricultural meteorology;
•Hydrology;
•Climate monitoring (as undertaken through the Global Climate
Observing System, GCOS);
•Climate applications; and
•Space weather.
•In addition, the observational requirements for WMO polar activities
and the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) are also to be
considered under WIGOS.
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Application Areas – Background (3)
CAS-16, which identified six emerging
areas:
•high impact weather;
•water;
• Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas
Information System (IG3IS);
•aerosols;
•urbanization; and
• new technologies, including geo/climate
engineering.
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GAW SIP – “Research Enabling Services”
SSC initially identified priority services as those related to climate, high impact
weather, urban (air quality/health), ecosystems, and support of conventions.
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Ordering applications as a function of timeliness of GAW data
Separates climate (long-term) applications from all other (short-time) applications
Long-term: „Climate mode“
Short-term: „NRT mode“
- Protocol and convention monitoring
- Policy/Political issues
- Assessments
- AQ forecasts (regional/global)
- data assimilation
- forecast/analysis validation
- validation of reanalysis runs
- inverse modelling
- surface flux verification
- health
- bio-aerosols
- events (volcanoes, dust)
- GHGs and agriculture
- high impact weather
- support of renewable energy
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