Transcript Chemistry of Organic Molecules

Chemistry of Organic Molecules
3.1 Organic molecules overview
What are organic molecules?
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All contain ___________
Four types of organic molecules
Why is carbon ubiquitous in organic molecules?
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Stable structure
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6 electrons
____ number of bonds
it can form
Single, double, triple
bonds
Forms long chains
How are long chains formed?
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Dehydration synthesis
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Monomer + monomer
 __________ + H20
Hydrolysis
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__________ + H20 
monomer + monomer
What are functional groups?
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Can be
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Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Isomers
Chemistry of Organic Molecules
3.2 Carbohydrates
What is a carbohydrate?
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(CH2O)n
Common energy
source
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4.3 kcal/mol
Name ends in –ose
Hydrophilic
Straight chain or ring
What are mono- and disaccharides?
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Monosaccharides
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glucose
Fructose
Ribose
deoxyribose
Disaccharides
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Maltose
Sucrose
What are polysaccharides?
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Joining of three or more
monosaccharides via ______
Starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin,
peptidoglycan
Chemistry of Organic Molecules
3.3 Lipids
What are lipids?
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Common energy store
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~ 9 kcal/mol
Long chains of C and H
Hydrophobic
Several types
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Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Waxes
Steroids
What are triglycerides?
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Fats and oils
Contain
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Glycerol
Fatty acids (contains carboxyl group)
Two types
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Saturated
Unsaturated
What is the difference between saturated and
unsaturated fats?
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Saturated
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Unsaturated
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Complete
number of ___
Contains double
bonds
Contains fewer
____
Transfats
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AKA partially
hydrogenated
fats
What are phospholipids?
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Amphiphilic
Create cell membrane
Similar to triglycerides as they contain
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Glycerol
Phosphate group
Two fatty acids
What are waxes?
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Long chain fatty acids bonded to long-chain alcohols
Solid at room temp
What are steroids?
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Four-ring lipids
Cholesterol is base molecule
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Basis for many sex hormones
Chemistry of Organic Molecules
3.4 Proteins
What are proteins?
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Perform many
functions
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Support
Enzymes
Transport
Defense
Hormones
Motion
Long chains of
_____________
What are amino acids?
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Common structure
20 common kinds
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hydrophobic, hydrophilic
Joined together via ________ to make polypeptides
Peptide bond
What are the shapes of proteins?
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Shape determines
________
Four levels of
structure
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Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
What are some other properties of proteins?
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Fibrous proteins
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Globular proteins
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Enzymes
Hydrophilic
Chaperone proteins
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Structural
hydrophobic
Prions?
Denaturation
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pH
Heat
Chemistry of Organic Molecules
3.5 Nucleic Acids
What are nucleic acids?
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Long chains of _________
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Three components in nucleotides
DNA
RNA
ATP
What is the structure of DNA?
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Double helix
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Deoxyribose
Nucleotides joined via
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Sugar-phosphate backbone
Purines vs. pyrimidines
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Joined via hydrogen bonds
What is the structure of RNA?
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Single stranded
Ribose
Sugar-phosphate backbone
What is ATP?
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Adenosine triphosphate
Unstable P bond
Energy molecule