Transcript Document

Pyrolytic Bio-fuels Produced from Forestry
and Agricultural Feedstocks
By
Philip H. Steele
Forest Products Department
Forest and Wildlife Research Center
Mississippi State University
Bio-oil production:
– Bio-oil results from fast pyrolysis of cellulosic
biomass
– Particles are less than or equal to 2 mm
– Absence of oxygen
– Applied temperatures 400 to 550oC
– Rapid cooling
MSU pyrolysis Gen II pyrolysis
reactor:
Raw bio-oil
yield = 65% on
dry wt basis. 1 dry ton
biomass = 1300 lb
bio-oil and gives
130 gal/dt
What are bio-oils?
– Bio-oils are water emulsive suspensions of the
thermally fractured biomass chemical structure.
Each bio-oil typically contains more than 100
chemical compounds.
– Not an oil as it is
immiscible in petroleum
oils
An MSU objective is to license its pyrolysis
reactor design:
• Revised auger design will
allow an estimated 4-ton/day
biomass throughput
• Our two industrial partners
are underway with the new
design for 10-ton/day
reactors
Bio-oil challenges:
Oxygen in bio-oil: 45-50% by weight
– Incorporated in oxygenated compounds
Causes most of the negative properties:
– Variable viscosity
– High acidity
– Pungent odor
– Low energy density (50% that of No. 2 fuel oil)
Bio-oil chemical composition by group:
Wt, %
Wt, %
Water
20-30
Phenols
2-5
Lignin compounds
15-30
Furfurals
1-4
Aldehydes
10-20
Alcohols
2-5
Carboxylic acids
10-15
Ketones
1-5
Carbohydrates
5-10
7
Upgrading bio-oil :
– Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO)
– Lignocellulosic biodiesel (L-B)
Upgrading bio-oil by hydrodeoxygenation
(HDO):
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Hydrocarbons
Water
Water + HDO
bio-oil
HDO bio-oil captures 72% of raw bio-oil energy value;
it is a mix of hydrocarbons ranging from napthalene
through diesel weights.
Packed bed reactor production of MSU
HDO will begin next week:
Water % = 0
Oxygen % = 0
Acid value = 0.1
HHV = 44.8
Diesel 30%
Gasoline 35%
Jet fuel 32%
Other 3%
FTIR spectrum; diesel vs raw and HDO
bio-oils:
Raw bio-oil
200
HDO bio-oil
Diesel
Alkanes
Aromatics
% Transimittance
160
120
80
40
0
400
900
1400
2400
1900
Wavenumber
2900
3400
3900
HDO bio-oil can be: blended with hydrocarbons;
refined in current petroleum refineries:
Blended with petroleum
hydrocarbons
Refined in petroleum
refineries
5% HDO
SERC co-director, Glenn Steele,
demostrating HDO bio-oil/gasoline
blend informal engine test:
Esterified bio-oil is a mildly upgraded bio-oil to
be utilized as a boiler fuel:
Raw
bio-oil
Esterified
bio-oil
89
46
Viscosity (cSt @ 40 oC)
14.53
7.37
HHV (MJ/kg)
17.5
23.8
Property
Acid value ( mg KOH/g)
Distributed bio-oil manufacture will reduce
transportation costs:
Regional
pyrolysis
center
Mobile
pyrolysis
reactors
Bio-oil upgrading
Disaster
mobile
pyrolysis
reactors
Industrially
captive
pyrolysis
reactors
Hydrocarbon Biofuels Produced via
Pyrolysis of Pine Timber and
Harvest Residues
By
Philip H. Steele
Sanjeev Gajjela
and
Fei Yu
Forest Products Department
Forest and Wildlife Research Center
Mississippi State University